The Pan-Africanist debate is back on the historical agenda. The stresses and strains in the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar since its formation some forty years ago are not showing any sign of ...abating. Meanwhile, imperialism under new forms and labels continues to bedevil the continent in ever-aggressive, if subtle, ways. The political federation of East Africa, which was one of the main spin-offs of the Pan-Africanism of the nationalist period, is reappearing on the political stage, albeit in a distorted form of regional integration. It is in this context that the present study is situated. Backgrounding the major dramas of the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar this book studies the personalities involved and their politics, and includes an account of the Dodoma CCM conference that toppled President Jumbe. It is also a detailed legal analysis of the union incorporating powerful new material.
Closer emerged as one of the most successful plays of the 1990s, and one with a continuing afterlife through the academy award nominated film adaptation in 2004. Although the work of dramatists such ...as Sarah Kane and Mark Ravenhill initially attracted the most critical and academic attention, Patrick Marber's Closer had long West End and Broadway runs. The play has since gone on to repeat this success in over 30 other countries.
From its beginnings in 1930s Jamaica, the Rastafarian movement has become a global presence. While the existing studies of the Rastafarian movement have primarily focused on its cultural expression ...through reggae music, art, and iconography, Monique A. Bedasse argues that repatriation to Africa represents the most important vehicle of Rastafari's international growth. Shifting the scholarship on repatriation from Ethiopia to Tanzania, Bedasse foregrounds Rastafari's enduring connection to black radical politics and establishes Tanzania as a critical site to explore gender, religion, race, citizenship, socialism, and nation. Beyond her engagement with how the Rastafarian idea of Africa translated into a lived reality, she demonstrates how Tanzanian state and nonstate actors not only validated the Rastafarian idea of diaspora but were also crucial to defining the parameters of Pan-Africanism.Based on previously undiscovered oral and written sources from Tanzania, Jamaica, England, the United States, and Trinidad, Bedasse uncovers a vast and varied transnational network--including Julius Nyerere, Michael Manley, and C. L. R James--revealing Rastafari's entrenchment in the making of Pan-Africanism in the postindependence period.
Invisible Agentsshows how personal and deeply felt spiritual beliefs can inspire social movements and influence historical change. Conventional historiography concentrates on the secular, ...materialist, or moral sources of political agency. Instead, David M. Gordon argues, when people perceive spirits as exerting power in the visible world, these beliefs form the basis for individual and collective actions. Focusing on the history of the south-central African country of Zambia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, his analysis invites reflection on political and religious realms of action in other parts of the world, and complicates the post-Enlightenment divide of sacred and profane.The book combines theoretical insights with attention to local detail and remarkable historical sweep, from oral narratives communicated across slave-trading routes during the nineteenth century, through the violent conflicts inspired by Christian and nationalist prophets during colonial times, and ending with the spirits of Pentecostal rebirth during the neoliberal order of the late twentieth century. To gain access to the details of historical change and personal spiritual beliefs across this long historical period, Gordon employs all the tools of the African historian. His own interviews and extensive fieldwork experience in Zambia provide texture and understanding to the narrative. He also critically interprets a diverse range of other sources, including oral traditions, fieldnotes of anthropologists, missionary writings and correspondence, unpublished state records, vernacular publications, and Zambian newspapers.Invisible Agentswill challenge scholars and students alike to think in new ways about the political imagination and the invisible sources of human action and historical change.
The Obama Portraits Caragol, Taína; Moss, Dorothy; Powell, Richard ...
2020, 2020-02-11
eBook
A richly illustrated celebration of the paintings of President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama From the moment of their unveiling at the National Portrait Gallery in early 2018, the ...portraits of Barack and Michelle Obama have become two of the most beloved artworks of our time. Kehinde Wiley's portrait of President Obama and Amy Sherald's portrait of the former first lady have inspired unprecedented responses from the public, and attendance at the museum has more than doubled as visitors travel from near and far to view these larger-than-life paintings. After witnessing a woman drop to her knees in prayer before the portrait of Barack Obama, one guard said, "No other painting gets the same kind of reactions. Ever." The Obama Portraits is the first book about the making, meaning, and significance of these remarkable artworks.Richly illustrated with images of the portraits, exclusive pictures of the Obamas with the artists during their sittings, and photos of the historic unveiling ceremony by former White House photographer Pete Souza, this book offers insight into what these paintings can tell us about the history of portraiture and American culture. The volume also features a transcript of the unveiling ceremony, which includes moving remarks by the Obamas and the artists. A reversible dust jacket allows readers to choose which portrait to display on the front cover.An inspiring history of the creation and impact of the Obama portraits, this fascinating book speaks to the power of art—especially portraiture—to bring people together and promote cultural change.Published in association with the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC
Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. government rounded up more than one hundred thousand Japanese Americans and sent them to internment camps. One of those internees was ...Charles Kikuchi. In thousands of diary pages, he documented his experiences in the camps, his resettlement in Chicago and drafting into the Army on the eve of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and his postwar life as a social worker in New York City. Kikuchi's diaries bear witness to a watershed era in American race relations, and expose both the promise and the hypocrisy of American democracy.
Jim and Jap Crowfollows Kikuchi's personal odyssey among fellow Japanese American intellectuals, immigrant activists, Chicago School social scientists, everyday people on Chicago's South Side, and psychologically scarred veterans in the hospitals of New York. The book chronicles a remarkable moment in America's history in which interracial alliances challenged the limits of the elusive democratic ideal, and in which the nation was forced to choose between civil liberty and the fearful politics of racial hysteria. It was an era of world war and the atomic bomb, desegregation in the military but Jim and Jap Crow elsewhere in America, and a hopeful progressivism that gave way to Cold War paranoia.
Jim and Jap Crowlooks at Kikuchi's life and diaries as a lens through which to observe the possibilities, failures, and key conversations in a dynamic multiracial America.
O artigo analisa como o jornal Ultima Hora (UH) representou o golpe de 1964 em suas páginas, nos primeiros meses do ano. Tal aspecto justifica-se por essa publicação ter uma das maiores circulações ...no Brasil e, diferentemente dos outros diários impressos, ter um posicionamento favorável ao governo de João Goulart, não coadunando com as movimentações oposicionistas que defendiam, abertamente, uma intervenção militar para derrubar o então mandatário e que recebiam ampla acolhida na imprensa de grande tiragem, conforme apontado em extensa bibliografia sobre o assunto. Como resultado, o texto apresenta que a UH manteve-se coerente com sua cultura política desde a sua fundação, em 1951, defendendo os princípios trabalhistas e as práticas ligadas a Getúlio Vargas, considerando que Goulart era uma espécie de “herdeiro político” de Vargas e, segundo a UH, era atacado exatamente por esse aspecto, uma vez que os grupos opositores, civis ou militares, não aceitavam a consolidação de um governo cujas bases remetiam a esse modelo de organização do país.
This paper reports findings from an experimental study that aimed to investigate the undrained behaviour of sand in non-symmetrical cyclic loading, and to clarify the role of initial static shear in ...liquefaction resistance. The testing programme, conducted on a standard sand under triaxial conditions, covers a broad range of initial states in terms of relative density, confining stress and initial shear stress ratio (α). Three distinct failure modes have been identified from the tests: flow-type failure, cyclic mobility and plastic strain accumulation. Of these, flow-type failure, characterised by abrupt runaway deformations without any prior warning, is the most critical, and pertains to sand in the loose state. The tests also demonstrate that the presence of initial static shear stress is beneficial to the liquefaction resistance of loose sand at low α levels, but it becomes detrimental at high α levels. In this connection the concept of threshold α is proposed, together with the use of a no-stress-reversal line for better characterisation of the effect of initial static shear. Furthermore, in the conceptual framework of critical state soil mechanics, a fairly good linear relationship has been established between the threshold α and the state parameter ψ that collectively accounts for the initial relative density and mean stress level. This relationship suggests that the threshold α decreases with increasing values of ψ, or with sand becoming looser than the critical state. It is further proposed that the concept of threshold α also applies to sand at high relative density, as long as the confining stress becomes sufficiently high. This proposal leads to a unified and consistent interpretation of the complicated static shear effect.
In the southcentral Alaska subduction zone, the Pacific plate and an oceanic plateau, known as the Yakutat terrane, are subducting at a convergence rate of ∼4.7 cm/yr in the direction of N21.5°W with ...respect to the current North American plate. We constructed a 3-D thermomechanical model to simulate the simultaneous subduction of the Pacific plate and Yakutat terrane. In the numerical simulation, the oceanic plate subducts along a 3-D geometry model obtained from the seismic data, with a spatiotemporally changing convergence rate that was provided based on the past plate motion model. Under these conditions, we obtained the time-dependent temperature and mantle flow velocity fields from 18 Ma to the present. As a result, we discovered that the interplate temperature for the source region of the 1964 Alaska earthquake with a coseismic slip larger than 2 m was estimated to be 155–323 °C at depths of approximately 10–20 km. We also estimated the temperature for the slip area with cumulative slip larger than 5 cm of the northeastern 2009–2013 long-term slow slip event (L-SSE) and the southwestern 2010–2012 L-SSE to be 337–570 °C and 300–381 °C, respectively. In the southcentral Alaska subduction zone, the temperature at the boundary between the downdip of the seismogenic zone and the updip of the L-SSEs is estimated to be approximately 350 °C, which is consistent with the temperature at the transition from frictional instability to stability at the plate boundary proposed in previous studies.
•A 3-D thermal model for subduction of the two plates was constructed in Alaska.•Temperature for the 1964 Alaska eq. with slip larger than 2 m was 155–323 °C.•The temperature for the southwestern 2010–2012 L-SSE was estimated to be 300–381 °C.•The temperature for the northeastern 2009–2013 L-SSE was estimated to be 337–570 °C.
Illuminating the class issues that shaped the racial uplift movement, Toure Reed explores the ideology and policies of the national, New York, and Chicago Urban Leagues during the first half of the ...twentieth century. Reed argues that racial uplift in the Urban League reflected many of the class biases pervading contemporaneous social reform movements, resulting in an emphasis on behavioral, rather than structural, remedies to the disadvantages faced by Afro-Americans.Reed traces the Urban League's ideology to the famed Chicago School of Sociology. The Chicago School offered Leaguers powerful scientific tools with which to foil the thrust of eugenics. However, Reed argues, concepts such as ethnic cycle and social disorganization and reorganization led the League to embrace behavioral models of uplift that reflected a deep circumspection about poor Afro-Americans and fostered a preoccupation with the needs of middle-class blacks. According to Reed, the League's reform endeavors from the migration era through World War II oscillated between projects to "adjust" or even "contain" unacculturated Afro-Americans and projects intended to enhance the status of the Afro-American middle class. Reed's analysis complicates the mainstream account of how particular class concerns and ideological influences shaped the League's vision of group advancement as well as the consequences of its endeavors.
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