Rising Geographic Disparities in US Mortality Couillard, Benjamin K.; Foote, Christopher L.; Gandhi, Kavish ...
The Journal of economic perspectives,
01/2021, Letnik:
35, Številka:
4
Journal Article
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The twenty-first century has been a period of rising inequality in both income and health. In this paper, we find that geographic inequality in mortality for midlife Americans increased by about 70 ...percent between 1992 and 2016. This was not simply because states like New York or California benefited from having a high fraction of college-educated residents who enjoyed the largest health gains during the last several decades. Nor was higher dispersion in mortality caused entirely by the increasing importance of "deaths of despair," or by rising spatial income inequality during the same period. Instead, over time, state-level mortality has become increasingly correlated with state-level income; in 1992, income explained only 3 percent of mortality inequality, but by 2016, state-level income explained 58 percent. These mortality patterns are consistent with the view that high-income states in 1992 were better able to enact public health strategies and adopt behaviors that, over the next quarter-century, resulted in pronounced relative declines in mortality. The substantial longevity gains in high-income states led to greater cross-state inequality in mortality.
Künstliche Intelligenz ist ein bedeutendes Thema in der Öffentlichkeit und wird zunehmend Teil unseres Alltags - und unserer Narrative. In Filmen, die realitätsnahe Zukunftsentwürfe auf der Erde ...zeigen, nimmt sie seit 1970 verschiedene Rollen ein. Anhand einer Analyse der narrativen Struktur von 70 Science-Fiction-Filmen, die zwischen 1970 und 2020 veröffentlicht wurden, leitet Nadine Hammele drei Metanarrative ab. Die Filme setzen sich mit Fragen nach Kontrolle, Emanzipation, dem Gelingen von Beziehungen sowie dem Menschsein auseinander. Des Weiteren beschreibt sie Veränderungen der gesellschaftlichen Themen, Erzählweisen und Figurencharakterisierungen von künstlicher Intelligenz. Dabei wird deutlich: Der gesellschaftliche Hype um künstliche Intelligenz, der in den 2010er Jahren aufkam, hat filmische Geschichten auf vielfältige Weise beeinflusst.
Abstract
Until the 1970s, U.S. mortgage lenders commonly discounted half of the wife’s income in couples’ joint mortgage applications. This changed with the introduction of antidiscrimination ...legislation in the 1970s, providing a natural experiment to study the relaxation of income-related borrowing constraints. I study the effects of the reform by estimating difference-in-differences regressions and solving a simple calibrated life cycle model. I find substantial positive effects of the reform on mortgage borrowing and homeownership rates of married couples with working wives. Moreover, I find a positive effect on married women’s labor force participation, which strongly amplifies the homeownership and borrowing effects.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Keeping Canada Running Doern, G. Bruce; Stoney, Christopher; Hilton, Robert
2021, 2021-09-29, Letnik:
3
eBook
In this groundbreaking study, authors Bruce Doern, Christopher Stoney, and Robert Hilton provide the first comprehensive overview of Canadian infrastructure policy, examining the impact and ...implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and rapid technological change as Canada looks to recover and rebuild. Covering more than fifty years across many sectors, the authors identify numerous challenges that have contributed to Canada's growing infrastructure deficit and suboptimal outcomes.
Ever since its first issue in 1970, BPEA has played a leading role in the analysis of monetary policy. This paper surveys BPEA’s many contributions to three specific areas: (1) the Phillips curve, ...which provides the empirical bridge between real economic activity and inflation; (2) the analysis and demise of monetarism, the doctrine that emphasized the money supply over interest rates; and (3) evaluations of and recommendations for actual monetary policy in the United States, which began in the first BPEA issue and continues to this day. BPEA has played a dominant (though not monopoly) role in each of these areas.
Black Neo-Victoriana is the first book-length study on contemporary re-imaginations of Blackness in the long nineteenth century. Contributions engage with novels, drama, film, television and material ...culture, while also covering cultural formations such as Black fandom, Black dandyism, or steamfunk.
Juxtaposes five contemporary French poets, illuminating the philosophical elements of their work while making their sometimes difficult writing newly accessible.
Writing Black Scotland examines race and racism in devolutionary Scottish literature, with a focus on the critical significance of blackness. The book reads blackness in Scottish writing from the ...1970s to the early 2000s, a period of history defined by post-imperial adjustment. Critiquing a unifying Britishness at work in black British criticism, Jackson argues for the importance of black politics in Scottish writing, and for a literary registration of race and racism which signals a necessary negotiation for national Scotland both before and after 1997.
This article considers two cases of the interaction of Filipina women with Japan. The first section explains foreign direct investment has brought young Filipina women to work for wages in export ...processing zones. Despite the long working hours, their wages were suppressed to the minimum wage level, which did not allow them to be economically independent. So, they actively participated in illegal union activities to improve their working conditions. Japanese civil society as an international solidarity movement also supported their resistance. This was one of the triggers that made Japan reluctant to invest in the Philippines, but it also led to an increase in Filipina women's migrants. The second section discusses Japan's acceptance of Filipina women not as formal workers but as entertainers or "rural brides" to make up for the lack of wives among rural men. Japan tried to use Filipina women for its own convenience. Working abroad has various risks. Even if married officially, divorce and DV are not uncommon due to differences in values and language barriers with Japanese husbands. These Filipina women responded to various difficulties by forming Philippine networks in Japan, which collaborate with Japanese NGOs and people.
The number of subcenters identified for the Chicago metropolitan area rises from nine in 1970 to a forecasted 24 in 2020. Existing subcenters are becoming larger, and are particularly likely to ...expand along major expressways. OLS and semiparametric estimates suggest that employment density rises whereas population density falls near subcenters.
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