Residents of dwellings near railway tunnels may be exposed to noise, which propagates through the tunnel and ground and into the home. Noise radiated into bedrooms may disrupt sleep, which can have ...negative consequences for physical and mental wellbeing. In this paper, we present a laboratory investigation of the impact of ground-borne railway noise on physiologic and self-reported sleep. Over five consecutive nights, including habituation and control nights, 23 healthy participants were exposed to noise of two different frequency spectra at maximum levels of 35, 40 and 45 dB. Sleep was measured using polysomnography and questionnaires. Heart rate was measured using electrocardiography. Sleep was significantly disturbed, both in terms of physiologic and self-reported measures, during nights with 45 dB noise, although the number and size of effects was modest. No significant differences in overall sleep structure or subjective sleep disturbance and quality were found between control and 35 dB nights. Within 60 s following noise onset, the noise spectrum with higher amplitude frequencies above 100 Hz led to increases in heart rate at noise levels of 35 dB and above, and increased arousal probability at a noise level of 45 dB. The results generally support that the proposed Swedish guideline value of 35 dB maximum noise level indoors may be suitable for protecting against adverse sleep outcomes due to ground-borne railway noise.
•Physiologic sleep disruption by ground-borne railway noise increased with noise level.•Majority of self-reported sleep measures were worse after 45 dB nights than baseline.•Noise spectra dominated by very low frequencies had no effect on physiologic response.
Copyright exceptions for teaching and research purposes have turned into a significant issue for achieving a balance between the copyright owner and copyright users. The regulation of this issue is ...reflected in the Copyright Acts 1911 and 1987 for Palestine and Malaysia, respectively. The Palestine Copyright Act 1911 dismisses teaching and research copyright exceptions in detail and has not been amended since 1911; signifying a huge setback in regulating this issue and the pressing need to improvise the Act in order to achieve a balance between the copyright owner and copyright users. The present study has looked into the teaching and research exceptions detailed in the Palestine Copyright Act 1911 with the aim of suggesting improvements in the Act. The comparative research approach was used, along with a functional method. The findings revealed that the Malaysia Copyright Act 1987 offers several provisions in regulating the teaching and research exceptions based on a fair dealing rule, while the Palestine Copyright Act 1911 lacked provisions in regulating these exceptions despite its fair dealing principle. This points to the need for improvements in the Palestine Copyright Act 1911.
Cellular and mitochondrial metabolic capacity of the heart has been suggested to limit performance of fish at warm temperatures. We investigated this hypothesis by studying the effects of acute ...temperature increases (16, 23, 30, 32.5 and 36°C) on the thermal sensitivity of 10 key enzymes governing cardiac oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in two populations of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) field-acclimated to 15.5 and 22.5°C, as well as the effects of acclimation on cardiac lipid composition. In both populations of perch, the activity of glycolytic (pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase) enzymes increased with acute warming. However, at temperatures exceeding 30°C, a drastic thermally induced decline in citrate synthase activity was observed in the cold- and warm-acclimated populations, respectively, indicating a bottleneck for producing the reducing equivalents required for oxidative phosphorylation. Yet, the increase in aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase activities occurring in both populations at temperatures exceeding 30°C suggests that the malate-aspartate shuttle may help to maintain cardiac oxidative capacities at high temperatures. Warm acclimation resulted in a reorganization of the lipid profile, a general depression of enzymatic activity and an increased fatty acid metabolism and oxidative capacity. Although these compensatory mechanisms may help to maintain cardiac energy production at high temperatures, the activity of the electron transport system enzymes, such as complexes I and IV, declined at 36°C in both populations, indicating a thermal limit of oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the heart of European perch.
Objectives
To study whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the mainstay treatment for advanced and disseminated prostate cancer, is associated with risk of dementia.
Methods
Risk of dementia in ...men with prostate cancer primarily managed with ADT or watchful waiting (WW) in the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden, PCBaSe, was compared with that in prostate cancer‐free men, matched on birth year and county of residency. We used Cox regression to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for Alzheimer's and non‐Alzheimer's dementia (vascular dementia, dementia secondary to other diseases or unspecified dementias) for different types and duration of ADT and oral antiandrogens (AAs) as well as for men managed with WW.
Results
A total of 25 967 men with prostate cancer and 121 018 prostate cancer‐free men were followed for a median of 4 years. In both groups 6% of the men were diagnosed with dementia. In men with prostate cancer, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment ( HR 1.15, 95% confidence interval CI 1.07–1.23) and orchiectomy (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.32–1.93) were associated with an increased risk of dementia, as compared to no treatment in prostate cancer‐free men; however, this increase in risk was only observed for non‐Alzheimer's dementia and occurred from year 1–4 after start of ADT. No increase in risk for any type of dementia was observed for men treated with AAs or for men on WW.
Conclusion
This population‐based cohort study does not support previous observations of an increased risk of Alzheimer's dementia for men on ADT; however, there was a small increase in risk of non‐Alzheimer's dementia.
Eesti perestroika keeled Saharov, Juhan
Acta historica Tallinnensia,
03/2023, Letnik:
29, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Artikkel uurib Eesti poliitilise mõtte tärkamist perestroika perioodil (1986-1988) ning väidab, et see toetus olemasolevale teadusavalikkusele ja sealsele teoreetilisele mõistestikule, mis võimaldas ...Eesti teadlaskonnal ja ekspertidel arendada perestroika reformimõtet. Artikkel vaatleb, millistest varasematest teadussuundadest, mõistetest ja mudelitest said Eesti teadlaskonnale poliitikasse sisenemise ning radikaalsete reformiideede (sh vabariiklik isemajandamine) loomise ja kaitsmise vahendid. Artikkel rekonstrueerib Eesti perestroika kolm argumentatiivset keelt--detsentralismi, süsteemiteooria ja innovatsiooni. Samuti asetab artikkel siinsed arengujooned laiemasse rahvusülesesse konteksti, vaadeldes Eesti teadlaskonna seotust ülemaailmses teaduskogukonnas 1960.-1970. aastatel esile kerkinud uute distsipliinide ja ekspertkeeltega. Märksõnad: Eesti NSV, perestroika, reformisotsialism, teaduskeel, IME, taasiseseisvumine
التفكير الأخلاقي ومراحل تطوره عند الإنسان خرما، إيفا سليمان; عباس، ذكريا; شريقي، مدى
مجلة جامعة تشرين للبحوث والدراسات العلمية- سلسلة الآداب والعلوم الانسانية,
03/2022, Letnik:
44, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
يتناول هذا البحث مفهوم نمو التفكير الأخلاقي وكيفية تشكل الوعي الأخلاقي للفرد بواسطة التربية الاجتماعية من خلال غرس القيم والمعايير، والمبادئ الأخلاقية، والتي تؤثر في أحكامه الأخلاقية على المواقف ...والأشياء والأفعال في مراحل عمره المختلفة. كما يتطرق إلى بعض العوامل المؤثرة في نمو التفكير الأخلاقي لدى الفرد كالجنس والعمر والبيئة الاجتماعية الثقافية والتكوين المعرفي. ويستعرض مستويات نمو التفكير الأخلاقي، ومراحل تطوره لدى الذكور والإناث بالاستناد إلى نظريتي لورانس كولبرج وكارول جيلجان. بالإضافة إلى إبراز أهم نقاط التشابه والاختلاف في طبيعة نمو التفكير الأخلاقي لدى الذكور والإناث.
Social mammals engage in affiliative interactions both when seeking relief from negative affect and when searching for pleasure and joy. These two motivational states are both modulated by μ-opioid ...transmission. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system in the brain mediates pain relief and reward behaviors, and is implicated in social reward processing and affiliative bonding across mammalian species. However, pharmacological manipulation of the μ-opioid system has yielded opposite effects on rodents and primates: in rodents, social motivation is generally increased by MOR agonists and reduced by antagonists, whereas the opposite pattern has been shown in primates. Here, we address this paradox by taking into account differences in motivational state. We first review evidence for μ-opioid mediation of reward processing, emotion regulation, and affiliation in humans, non-human primates, rodents and other species. Based on the consistent cross-species similarities in opioid functioning, we propose a unified, state-dependent model for μ-opioid modulation of affiliation across the mammalian species. Finally, we show that this state-dependent model is supported by evidence from both rodent and primate studies, when species and age differences in social separation response are taken into account.
الموسيقا في الشعر الأحمري، جابر محمد
Journal Of Babylon Center For Humanities Studies,
2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
تتناول الدراسة إشكالية علاقة الفن الشعري بالفن الموسيقي، وتتمظهر هذه العلاقة في صور شتى من وصف لفن الغناء نفسه أو الفنان المغنى أو كلمات الأغنية وألحانها وما تثيره من انفعالات في نفوس المتلقين، ...متطلعة هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل النص الشعري الإبداعي الذي تعالق مع الموسيقا والغناء فيما يسمى بـ تداخل الفنون interarts، ساعية إلى اكتشاف الحدود والأبعاد التي أمكن للشاعرين السعوديين طاهر زمخشري وعبد الله الصيخان الوصول إليها في نصيهما محل القراءة والتحليل في هذه الدراسة، وذلك بالتركيز على ثلاثة جوانب: التحليل الفني للثيمة في النصين بتحليل الأبيات الشعرية في القصيدتين وتقسيمها حسب ما جاءت لخدمته من معان، ودراسة محوري التوظيف اللغوي الأسلوبي بما فيه من استعمالات لغوية تتعلق بكثرة استخدام أفعال بعينها وبعض التراكيب الأسلوبية التي فضلها الشاعر على غيرها أو كرر استعمالها، ومحور التعالقات النصية والإحالات الرامزة، مضمنة تحليل أوجه التمايز والتشابه في كل، ودراسة الاختيارات الفنية اللافتة في العملين الشعريين، وتحليلها تحليلا يكشف عن جماليات التداخل بين فن الشعر من جهة وفن الموسيقا والغناء من جهة أخرى. ومن النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن ثيمة المدح والثناء قد جاورت ثيمة الغياب في النصين، كما أن الاستخدام المميز للغة وللأساليب وأدوات الخطاب قد أسهم في تعميق أفكار النص الرئيسة، وكان من الواضح الاستخدام المكثف للفعل الماضي في النصين الشعريين باعتبار أن الفكرة المركزية للنصين تدور حول الغياب وأن الشاعر طاهر زمخشري قد اعتمد على الذاتية الانطباعية في نصه الشعري، في حين استثمر عبدالله الصيخان التناص والإحالات التاريخية، وقد بدا ملاحظا أن هذا التناص قد توجه إلى الأغنية وليس إلى القصيدة، ويمكن القول أن نص الصيخان الشعري قد تأثر بالأغنية التي تناص معها الشاعر ابتداء.
The paper deals with the novel Kuessipan (2011) by Naomi Fontaine, a contemporary Quebec writer of Innu origin. This literary text, composed of autonomous narrative units, depicts the present and the ...past of the Innu nation, which was affected by the constraints of the Indian Act (1876). The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that Naomi Fontaine does not give an ethnic, stereotypical image of a minority dispossessed of its territory and its identity. Using effective literary devices, she captures the complexity and the contradictions of the life of the Innu, residing today on reserves. Her fragmentary writing reveals a lacunary knowledge and endorses her vision of a delocalized and depersonalized man.
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