Taking the period following the advent of liberalization, this book explains the transition of the Indian economy against the backdrop of development. If the objective is to explore the new economic ...map of India, then the distinct contributions in the book could be seen as twofold. The first is the analytical frame whereby the authors deploy a unique Marxist approach consisting of the initial concepts of class process and the developing countries to address India's economic transition. The second contribution is substantive whereby the authors describe India's economic transition as epochal, materializing out of the new emergent triad of neo-liberal globalization, global capitalism and inclusive development. This is how the book theorizes the structural transformation of the Indian economy in the twenty-first century. Through this framework, it interrogates and critiques the given debates, ideas and policies about the economic development of a developing nation.
The 1991 Randa rockslide in the Swiss Alps involved several complex mechanisms relating to geological, mechanical and hydrological processes for which no clear trigger can be asserted. This paper ...investigates the concept of progressive failure and the numerical modelling of rock mass strength degradation in natural rock slopes using the Randa rockslide as a working example. Results from continuum (i.e. finite-element) modelling are presented to illustrate a hypothesis, suggesting that initiation of a progressive rock mass degradation process, ultimately leading to failure, began following deglaciation of the valley below. Discontinuum (distinct-element) modelling is then applied to investigate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the episodic nature of the rockslide. Finally, the use of a hybrid method that combines both continuum and discontinuum techniques to model fracture propagation are discussed in the context of modelling progressive slide surface development linking initiation and degradation to eventual catastrophic failure.
With a total population of 92 million people, near universal literacy and abundant energy resources, Central Asia is an attractive destination for investment and trade. The region is strategically ...located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, and surrounded by some of the worlds fastest-growing economies such as Russia, India and China, who are increasingly investing in the region. From 2000 to2009, foreign direct investment flows into Central Asia increased almost ninefold, while the regions gross domestic product grew on average by 8.2% annually. While Central Asia is endowed with many natural and human resources that could drive its economies to even higher levels of competitiveness, the poor quality of the regions business environment remains a major obstacle. Key areas for improvement include reinforcing legal and economic institutions; prioritizing the development of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector; and building the capacity of business intermediary organisations. This Central Asia Competitiveness Outlook examines the key policies that would increase competitiveness in Central Asia and reduce dependence on the natural resource sector, namely through developing human capital, improving access to finance, and capturing more and better investment opportunities. It was carried out in collaboration with the World Economic Forum under the aegis of the OECD Central Asia Initiative, a regional programme that contributes to economic growth and competitiveness in Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Initiative is part of the wider OECD Eurasia Competitiveness Programme.
In this unique contribution to economic sociology, Jeffrey Hass examines the impact of culture, norms and political authority on Russia's post-socialist transition. The interactions and ...contradictions of moral economies and market relations are examined, exploring the often overlooked social dimension to market-building in Russia.
Studiul de față a fost elaborat în baza materialelor de arhivă, a izvoarelor orale (interviuri cu martorii direcți), a sugestiilor specialiștilor consacrați din domeniul istoriei, medicinei și ...farmaciei, a presei timpului, a literaturii științifice naționale și internaționale. Fondarea unei instituții de învățământ superior, specializată în domeniul medicinei, a reprezentat o avanpremieră pentru spațiul pruto-nistrean. Prin instituirea acestuia se miza pe instruirea și educarea viitorilor medici, pe efectuarea cercetărilor științifice în perimetrul medicinei curative și profilactice, pe administrarea științifico-metodologică a instituțiilor specializate, pe asigurarea cu ajutor practic acordat organelor și instituțiilor medicale, pe formarea profesională continuă etc. În comparație cu alte instituții de învățământ superior create în Moldova sovietică, cea din domeniul medical a avut particularități specifice, fiind instituită în baza cărturarilor cu înaltă experiență pedagogică și științifică din centre științifico-didactice și clinice prestigioase, fiind, astfel, perpetuată tradiția unor importante școli științifice medicale din Imperiul Rus și din Uniunea Sovietică. SCIENTIFIC-TEACHING STAFF OF CHISINAU STATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE (1945–1991)This study was elaborated based on archival materials, oral sources (interviews with direct witnesses), on the suggestions of well-known specialists in the field of history, medicine and pharmacy, on the press of the time, on national and international scientific literature. The founding of a higher education institution, specialized in the field of medicine, was a preview for the Prut-Dniester area. By establishing it, it was relied on the training and education of future doctors, on conducting scientific research in the perimeter of curative and prophylactic medicine, on the scientific-methodological administration of specialized institutions, on providing practical help to medical bodies and institutions, on continuous professional training, etc. In comparison with other higher education institutions created in Soviet Moldova, the one in the medical field had specific features. It was founded on the basis of scholars with a high pedagogical and scientific experience from prestigious scientific-didactic and clinical centers, being, thus, perpetuated the tradition of important medical scientific schools from the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.
Abstract Objective To identify a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes by comparing the subcutaneous interstitial fluid from type 2 diabetes patients and healthy men. Methods Proteomics ...was performed on the interstitial fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained by microdialysis from 7 type 2 diabetes patients and 8 healthy participants. 851 proteins were detected, of which 36 (including galectin-1) showed significantly altered expression in type 2 diabetes. We also measured galectin-1 expression in: (1) adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue biopsies from these participants; (2) subcutaneous adipose tissue of 24 obese participants before, during and after 16 weeks on a very low calorie diet (VLCD); and (3) adipocytes isolated from 6 healthy young participants after 4 weeks on a diet and lifestyle intervention to promote weight gain. We also determined the effect of galectin-1 on glucose uptake in human adipose tissue. Results Galectin-1 protein levels were elevated in subcutaneous dialysates from type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). In agreement, galectin-1 mRNA expression was increased in adipocytes from the type 2 diabetes patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, galectin-1 mRNA expression was decreased in adipose tissue after VLCD (p < 0.05) and increased by overfeeding (p < 0.05). Co-incubation of isolated human adipocytes with galectin-1 reduced glucose uptake (p < 0.05) but this was independent of the insulin signal. Conclusion Proteomics of the interstitial fluid in subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo identified a novel adipokine, galectin-1, with a potential role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
