Action learning in new creative ventures Rae, David
International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research,
08/2012, Letnik:
18, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose - The purpose of this article is to explore the integrated processes of action learning, entrepreneurial learning and new venture creation by students and graduates in the creative industries ...by addressing two questions: How do action learning and entrepreneurial learning connect with new venture creation in the context of the creative industries? How does learning influence the types of creative enterprises developed by students?Design methodology approach - The article is based around the case of the Student Placements for Entrepreneurs in Education (SPEED) project which ran in 13 higher education institutes (HEIs) in the UK between 2006 and 2008. This provided an innovative, action-learning based route, enabling students to create new business ventures as self-started work experience. The article uses the case to develop theoretical perspectives on creative entrepreneurship and action learning.Findings - The article draws lessons from the experience of the SPEED programme as an innovative multi-HEI project, and develops a conceptual model of creative entrepreneurship with illustrative cases. Transferable insights and a model of entrepreneurial action learning illustrate connections between venture formation and "pull" learning.Practical implications - It is increasingly clear that graduate self-employment and entrepreneurship must make an essential contribution to educational and economic development in the post-recessionary economic era, but this is problematic, especially in the creative industries. Recommendations for development based on these models and practices are proposed for educators and policy-makers.Originality value - The article connects action learning with theories of new venture creation and entrepreneurial learning. It develops critical insights and proposes conceptual models of creative enterprise and "pull" learning in venture creation.
Widespread acceptance of football club businesses as stakeholder organizations suggests that clubs might be expected to embrace corporate social responsibility (CSR). Focusing on Scottish Premier ...League (SPL) clubs, this study provides empirical evidence of CSR engagement and motivation. We argue that these clubs are well positioned to act as vehicles to deliver CSR because of their community embeddedness and the strength of their stakeholder relationships. For CSR actions to occur, findings suggest they must be driven by (a) the normative expectations of executives or stakeholders, (b) a response to wider social agendas, or (c) potential economic benefit. Evidence of each of these sources of motivation is presented in this article. Findings also suggest that enhanced communication of CSR activities provides an opportunity to improve stakeholder accountability within a corporate governance structure and facilitate the development of relational partnerships and networks.
The paper, by three geographers, including a noted U.S.-based senior specialist on China's urban and human realm, presents the first known academic study of the country's African migrants. The ...authors examine the emergence of a new African community (primarily traders from West Africa) in the Xiaobei urban district of Guangzhou City, arguing that Xiaobei is not only a space for transacting transnational business but also a place of sojourn where African migrants struggle to make a living without local integration or assimilation. As a "non-state" gateway for burgeoning economic linkages between China and Africa, Xiaobei's spontaneous place-making is strengthened by the aspiring efforts of local entrepreneurs, at the same time that this new transnational space is challenged by an invisible wall between Africans and local residents due to cultural and social differences. The paper notes the impacts of globalization, which appears to be adding a new dimension (ethnicity) to the pattern of residential segregation of Chinese cities. Empirical evidence is provided by a series of surveys conducted by the authors since 2006 and particularly three in 2008. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F220, F230, J150, J610, O180. 5 figures, 2 tables, 81 references.
This paper contributes to the growing evidence that Irish and foreign‐owned firms based in Ireland conduct their innovation activities differently from each other. It tests the Cohen and Levinthal ...hypothesis, separately for Irish and foreign‐owned firms, that undertaking R&D and collaborating with external networks together enhance the probability of product and process innovation. To control for potential endogeneity of the external networking variables, a two‐step procedure is used with predicted probabilities used as instruments in the estimated production functions. Based on data from the Irish Community Innovation Survey 2006 to 2008, the results suggest that Irish‐owned firms which engage in external networks with public knowledge sources, while simultaneously undertaking R&D, are more likely to innovate than firms which perform these two activities individually. Irish‐owned firms which engage in backward networking for product and forward networking for process innovation while also undertaking R&D are less likely to be innovative, perhaps suggesting a substitution effect. These results for Irish‐owned firms provide some support for Cohen and Levinthal's hypothesis. However, foreign‐owned firms seem to behave differently, being largely self‐contained and relying exclusively on intramural R&D for innovation as the external networking variables, both individually and when interacted with R&D, have no effect on innovation likelihood.
This article provides an empirical measure to compare incentive effects of different tournament structures. Although there have been many theoretical attempts to analyze incentive effects of a ...tournament competition, empirical applications are limited as the provided conditions cannot easily be empirically observed. We show that the empirical density of the performance distribution can be used to measure effort incentives in a tournament with many participants. We apply this method to evaluate the grading policy change in the 2008 College Scholastic Ability Test in South Korea. (JEL C70, C51)
We study professional tennis players' decisions of whether to challenge umpires' calls using data on over 2,000 challenges in 35 tennis tournaments. The decision to challenge, which is simple to ...characterize, trades off reversing the umpire's call against losing subsequent challenge opportunities. Qualitatively, players are more likely to challenge when the stakes are greater and when the option value of challenging is lower, as theory predicts. Quantitatively, players' actual behavior is close to an optimal challenging strategy prescribed by a simple dynamic model. Our findings illustrate that professional decision makers develop decision rules that can approximate optimal behavior quite well.
HERITABILITY OF OVERCONFIDENCE Cesarini, David; Lichtenstein, Paul; Johannesson, Magnus ...
Journal of the European Economic Association,
April‐May 2009, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Empirical evidence suggests that people on average overestimate their own ability in a variety of circumstances. Little is known, however, about the origins of such overconfidence. To shed some light ...on this issue, we use the classic twin design to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in overconfidence. We collect data on overconfidence among 460 twin pairs. Overconfidence is measured as the difference between the perceived and actual rank in cognitive ability. Cognitive ability is measured using a 20-minute test of general intelligence. We find a highly significant joint effect of genes and common environment, but our estimates of the relative contributions of genetic and common environmental variation are less precise. According to our point estimates, genetic differences explain 16–34% of the variation in overconfidence depending on the definition of overconfidence used and common environmental differences explain 5–11%.
A unique examination strategy in first‐year microeconomics courses is used to test for gender differences in examination behavior. Students have the possibility of attaining a seminar bonus on the ...final exam for near‐perfect seminar attendance and are given two voluntary initial quizzes during the semester. At the final exam, the scores received on initial quizzes can either be accepted as is, or students can attempt to improve their marks by answering similar quiz questions on the exam. Results suggest that female students are more likely to take initial quizzes and receive a seminar bonus but are less likely to re‐take quiz questions on the final exam. These results suggest higher risk aversion, less overconfidence, and more self‐discipline or less procrastination among female students relative to male students. Our estimated behavioral differences may have important implications in terms of final grades on the course. (JEL I21, J16, A12, A14)
The seaborne steam coal market has changed in recent years; demand has grown fast, important players have emerged, and since 2007 prices have increased significantly and remained relatively high. In ...this paper, we analyze steam coal market equilibria in the years 2006 and 2008 by testing for two possible market structure scenarios: perfect competition and an oligopoly setup with major exporters competing in quantities. The assumed oligopoly scenario cannot explain market equilibria for any year. While we find that the competitive model simulates market equilibria well in 2006, the competitive model is yet not able to reproduce real market outcomes in 2008. The analysis shows that not all available supply capacity was utilized in 2008. We conclude that either unknown capacity bottlenecks or more sophisticated non-competitive strategies were the cause for the high prices in 2008.
Similar to other markets in which deviations from Jevons' “law of one price” is the norm rather than the exception, the retail wine market in the United States is characterized by large price ...dispersions. Drawing on a large sample of retail prices from wine-searcher.com we find an average per-wine coefficient of variation of 23 percent. Some of this is due to differential market conditions, especially state regulations. Our evidence suggests that dispersion also depends positively on price levels, after controlling for consumer, market, and state heterogeneity.
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