Se aplicó la técnica de encuesta en la cual se hicieron preguntas relacionadas a la aplicación de la bioseguridad y los datos fueron obtenidos de forma virtual, dado que es un medio digital de mucha ...utilización en estos tiempos debido a que se está en una situación en la que se debe precautelar, proteger la salud y en general por la razón que se está viviendo una pandemia a nivel mundial. Palabras-clave: Vida, bioseguridad, ventas, normativas Abstract: The objective of the research work was to contribute to the prevention of risks from biosafety to avoid occupational accidents including the implementation of universal precautions in micro businesses in the commercial sector. The survey technique was applied in which questions were asked related to the application of biosafety and the data were obtained virtually, given that it is a digital medium of much use in these times due to the fact that we are in a situation in which we must be cautious, protect health and in general for the reason that we are living a pandemic worldwide. Que es el caso en el que se puede tener mayor riesgo y la calidad del servicio actualmente tiene implícita la adopción de las medidas de bioseguridad.
Letter to the editor Pless, Ivan Barry
Injury prevention,
04/2021, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Correspondence to Dr Ivan Barry Pless, Retired, Westmount, QC H3Y2V2, Canada; barry.pless@mcgill.ca To the editor I was delighted to read the excellent state-of-the-art review on child pedestrian ...injury prevention (Cloutier et al, Inj Prev 2021; 27:77–84) and pleased that among the authors were many former colleagues. Valuable as these approaches may be, in the end I firmly believe that health departments must press for a leadership role in injury prevention. ...this happens, our efforts will continue to be fragmented and ineffective. Health must meet with Justice departments that resist lowering blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits or resist strengthening gun control.
ContextThe Bay of Plenty (BoP) has one of the highest regional drowning rates in New Zealand. In 2017 Water Safety New Zealand (WSNZ) embarked on the development of a regional water safety strategy ...for BoP. This strategy was focused on reducing drowning deaths and injuries and building a culture of safe enjoyment around water in BoP.ProcessThe development of the BoP regional water safety strategy was underpinned by direct engagement to build a consensus view on water safety interventions for BoP. A Project Leadership Group of representatives from regional organisations with interest in water safety was established to act as the owners of the BoP strategy development process.AnalysisRegional water safety strategies seek to identify the priority work streams and investment priorities for water safety. To achieve this WSNZ had to ensure greater community ownership of drowning prevention/water safety activities. This meant facilitating regional ownership of both the development and implementation of regional strategy.OutcomesIn June 2019 a BoP water safety strategy document was launched and in September 2019 a strategy manager was recruited to implement the BoP water safety strategy with funding provided by local and national funders. Initiatives that address the priority actions of the strategy were implemented.Learning OutcomesThe most important lesson for WSNZ was the importance of ‘hand holding’ - maintaining a regional profile even after the strategy was being locally implemented, and being seen to continue to support the recruitment of funders and identification of initiatives.
BackgroundHerbicides and pesticides are commonly used in Queensland, with concentrates being severely toxic if ingested. Toxicity can be aggregative with the addition of surfactants ...(detergents).MethodsA systematic search of peer reviewed literature and retrospective review of the Queensland Poisons Information Centre (QPIC) data from 2015 to 2019 was conducted. Patient demographics, extent and type of exposure: accidental or non-accidental, route, initial symptoms, circumstances around exposure and subsequent treatment in hospital were analysed.ResultsEach year, there are on average 35,000 calls to the QPIC, of which 1% involve herbicides and 3.4% pesticides. Common herbicides encountered in 2018 and 2019 include glyphosate (50%), bromoxynil and paraquat, with common pesticides including pyrethrin/pyrethroids (29%) and rodenticides (16%). Where gender was known, there were more males (52%) than females (40%) with the most common age group being 0 – 4 years, reflecting the unintentional nature of many exposures. On average, 30% of victims were already in a medical facility or advised to seek medical attention.ConclusionsHerbicides and pesticides, while intended for control of plants and pests, can also cause harm to humans, with many exposures resulting in medical intervention. Additional toxicity may result from products with multiple ingredients, affecting the advice given and medical treatment required.A further review of the data is indicated, to explore potential risks of exposure to herbicides and pesticides to inform public awareness and safety strategies, especially for parents of young children
BackgroundDespite many improvements, pre-hospital care is known to be inconsistent, unreliable or deficient in India that causes high mortality and morbidity in accident victims. Bystanders hesitate ...to provide first-aid due to multiple reasons. Bystanders and first aiders are not adequately trained to handle all aspects of trauma including extrication, evacuation, transfer, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, management of bleeding, and protection of the spine. Evidence says that improper pre-hospital care is the leading cause of Spinal Cord injury in developing counties as compared to the developed ones. The current study was conducted to gauge the knowledge of first-aid among first responders in Delhi NCR.Materials and MethodsTwo separate surveys with closed ended questions were formulated for the general public and first aiders in English and Hindi. A sample of 511 general public respondents with no medical training, and first aiders (108 ambulance and 201 police personnel) completed the survey between February 2019-April 2019. Data were analyzed descriptively and comparisons were made across demographic variables for the general public. For first aiders, comparisons were made between ambulance and police personnel across all sub-domains.ResultsThe average scores for all general public respondents were below 40% in all domains. Differences across age and educational qualification were small, yet significant. Ambulance personnel scored better than police personnel. But overall, the scores are poor for all first aiders.ConclusionPre-hospital trauma care needs to be strengthened through improving knowledge and providing training to both the groups for essential life saving skills within the ‘golden hour’.
This article presents Training Assessment: Prevention of Major Accidents through the Approach of Proactive Safety, Risks, and Emergencies (APSRE), for senior, full, junior, and undergraduate ...professionals and university graduate and postgraduate students, with the aim of improving the way thinking about a Proactive Safety Environment. With the development of research on Risk Management and the conception of the Proactive Safety Approach, with the aim of preventing major accidents and the damage arising from these events, the need to train people in organizations was verified, to support the survey and research of information, warning signs, analysis of proactive safety demands, planning, and development of actions, for the prevention of these major accidents, which are historically recurrent. The training for this course is made up of four free online consultation modules and is hosted on the Internet. The course presents in Module 1, an introductory basis, in Module 2, the theory of accidents, in Module 3, case studies of major accidents in the world, and in Module 4, activities and exercises to prevent and mitigate these major accidents. After the creation of this course, training was developed individually and in classes. In total, 12 classes of the Risk Management and Major Accident Prevention Course were trained, around 250 people in the class format, and around 50 people individually, totaling 300 people. The qualification of the Course Management of Risks and Prevention of Major Accidents, according to the validation presented in this article, can be used to meet different profiles, for senior professionals with knowledge in this subject, the qualification can be propitious for debates and reflections, for the full levels, training can be conducive to deepening the concepts and proposals, for junior levels and students, training can provide an initial base of learning for development in Risk Management and Major Accident Prevention. Conventional risk assessments can be reassessed, due to the contents presented in this article, and the Approach of Proactive Safety, Risks, and Emergencies (APSRE) through the presented framework, can be used to supplement conventional risk assessments.
Many accidents occur owing to decision-making failures in accident prevention. From an information perspective, decision-making failures in accident prevention are due to a lack of necessary ...information. Moreover, the research–practice gap is a long-standing and common problem in accident prevention. To solve the abovementioned problems to improve accident prevention, this study proposes a new accident prevention approach referred to as evidence-based accident prevention. This approach emphasizes the use of the best accident prevention evidence in the accident prevention decision-making process. It is regarded as a practical approach to avoid the lack of safety information to improve the quality of accident prevention decision-making and narrow the research–practice gap vis-à-vis accident prevention. First, this paper explains that evidence-based accident prevention is based on accident prevention failures from a safety information perspective. Second, this study proposes a model for evidence-based accident prevention. Finally, this study applies an evidence-based accident prevention approach to the prevention of hazardous chemical storage accidents in a paint manufacturing plant in Tianjin, China, as a case study. This study aims to help researchers and practitioners to understand the evidence-based accident prevention approach and lay a foundation for the future study and practice of evidence-based accident prevention.
Objective To determine whether, and to what extent, fall prevention exercise interventions for older community dwelling people are effective in preventing different types of fall related ...injuries.Data sources Electronic databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL) and reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews from inception to July 2013.Study selection Randomised controlled trials of fall prevention exercise interventions, targeting older (>60 years) community dwelling people and providing quantitative data on injurious falls, serious falls, or fall related fractures.Data synthesis Based on a systematic review of the case definitions used in the selected studies, we grouped the definitions of injurious falls into more homogeneous categories to allow comparisons of results across studies and the pooling of data. For each study we extracted or calculated the rate ratio of injurious falls. Depending on the available data, a given study could contribute data relevant to one or more categories of injurious falls. A pooled rate ratio was estimated for each category of injurious falls based on random effects models.Results 17 trials involving 4305 participants were eligible for meta-analysis. Four categories of falls were identified: all injurious falls, falls resulting in medical care, severe injurious falls, and falls resulting in fractures. Exercise had a significant effect in all categories, with pooled estimates of the rate ratios of 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.77, 10 trials) for all injurious falls, 0.70 (0.54 to 0.92, 8 trials) for falls resulting in medical care, 0.57 (0.36 to 0.90, 7 trials) for severe injurious falls, and 0.39 (0.22 to 0.66, 6 trials) for falls resulting in fractures, but significant heterogeneity was observed between studies of all injurious falls (I2=50%, P=0.04).Conclusions Exercise programmes designed to prevent falls in older adults also seem to prevent injuries caused by falls, including the most severe ones. Such programmes also reduce the rate of falls leading to medical care.
Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of the major hazards threatening production safety during longwall mining. Mining-induced voids, which provide passages for air leakage, are the key factor ...triggering spontaneous combustion of coal in longwall goafs. In this study, a comprehensive method, which combined pressure balance, grouting injection, and filling fissures, was proposed to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal in longwall goafs with complex air leakage. Field engineering practice was carried out in Sitai Coal Mine in China. The results demonstrated that with the application of the proposed method, in the working face, the concentration of CO was decreased from 31ppm to 0 and the air leakage quantity was decreased from 261 to below 80 m3min-1. The gas samples analysis from the gob areas also indicated that concentrations of O2 and CO were successively decreased, indicating that the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal in goafs was eliminated. The above mentioned analysis indicates that, the method proposed in this study is useful and efficient. Successful application of this technology could provide reference for the treatment of other coal mines.
•We evaluate impacts of longitudinal driver assistance systems on multi-vehicle rear-end crashes during small-scale inclement weather.•We investigate impact factors of multi-vehicle rear-end crashes ...during small-scale inclement weather.•Different longitudinal driver assistance systems are modeled based on a unified car-following model platform.•Safety impacts are evaluated and compared for different longitudinal driver assistance system parameters.•We conduct sensitivity analyses of different vehicle numbers, speeds and market penetration rates.
Multi-vehicle rear-end (MVRE) crashes during small-scale inclement (SSI) weather cause high fatality rates on freeways, which cannot be solved by traditional speed limit strategies. This study aimed to reduce MVRE crash risks during SSI weather using different longitudinal driver assistance systems (LDAS). The impact factors on MVRE crashes during SSI weather were firstly analyzed. Then, four LDAS, including Forward collision warning (FCW), Autonomous emergency braking (AEB), Adaptive cruise control (ACC) and Cooperative ACC (CACC), were modeled based on a unified platform, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM). Simulation experiments were designed and a large number of simulations were then conducted to evaluate safety effects of different LDAS. Results indicate that the FCW and ACC system have poor performance on reducing MVRE crashes during SSI weather. The slight improvement of sight distance of FCW and the limitation of perception-reaction time of ACC lead the failure of avoiding MVRE crashes in most scenarios. The AEB system has the better effect due to automatic perception and reaction, as well as performing the full brake when encountering SSI weather. The CACC system has the best performance because wireless communication provides a larger sight distance and a shorter time delay at the sub-second level. Sensitivity analyses also indicated that the larger number of vehicles and speed changes after encountering SSI weather have negative impacts on safety performances. Results of this study provide useful information for accident prevention during SSI weather.
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