Not since the 1960s have U.S. politicians, Republican or Democrat, campaigned on platforms defending big government, much less the use of regulation to help solve social ills. And since the late ...1970s, deregulation has become perhaps the most ubiquitous political catchword of all. This book takes on the critics of government regulation. Providing the first major alternative to conventional arguments grounded in public choice theory, it demonstrates that regulatory government can, and on important occasions does, advance general interests.Unlike previous accounts, Regulation and Public Interests takes agencies' decision-making rules rather than legislative incentives as a central determinant of regulatory outcomes. Drawing from both political science and law, Steven Croley argues that such rules, together with agencies' larger decision-making environments, enhance agency autonomy. Agency personnel inclined to undertake regulatory initiatives that generate large but diffuse benefits (while imposing smaller but more concentrated costs) can use decision-making rules to develop socially beneficial regulations even over the objections of Congress and influential interest groups.This book thus provides a qualified defense of regulatory government.Its illustrative case studies include the development of tobacco rulemaking by the Food and Drug Administration, ozone and particulate matter rules by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Forest Service's roadless policy for national forests, and regulatory initiatives by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission.
The second part of the topic generated by the approach to the specifics of the nullity of the fiscal procedure acts, as they were delimited in the first part, is intended for the application of the ...annulment cases, delimited, in particular, by the French doctrine of administrative law, to the fiscal administrative act. Beforehand, there are required references to the problems generated by the approaches from the French doctrine aimed at identifying the generic cases of annulment in relation to the way in which nullity is regulated in the rules of the Fiscal Procedure Code. In the context of the discussions concerning the relative nullity, the correct relationship between the notions of „nullity", „annulability" and „annulment" must be clarified. Thus, in the comments concerning Article 49 of the Fiscal Procedure Code, differentiating between nullity and annulability, in the claim that the latter would constitute the „attribute" of the administrative acts affected by flaws of unlawfulness arising from the non-compliance with some validity conditions of lesser importance, it is evoked the thesis of the supporters of the presence of relative nullity including in the matter of administrative acts. However, the relative nullity is not compatible with the public interest on the basis of which any rule of administrative law is enacted. In order to avoid any confusions, the term „nullity" must denote the organic state of the act affected by serious defects of unlawfulness arising from the non-compliance with the conditions of validity specific to each category of legal acts, the term „annulability", particularized, as a rule, in the wording „are annulable", must be used to denote virtual nullities, and the word „annulment", only to evoke the approach of the authorities to proceed with the annulment of legal acts affected by the flaws/defects of unlawfulness likely to generate their nullity. Given that, in the tax law doctrine, there are opinions evoking the support for the theory of the presence of legal non-existence and of relative nullity, it must be checked to what extent they can find their place in the matter of fiscal administrative acts. Although the doctrine in the matter contains tangential references to the non-existence, when commenting on the fiscal procedural texts referring to the communication of the fiscal administrative act, there is no regulation that expressly refers to the non-existence of such acts, as the legislator proceeded when specifying the sanction applicable to some administrative acts (the decisions and ordinances of the Government, as well as the decisions of the Prime Minister) not published in the Official Gazette of Romania.
Should judges defer to administrative decisions? This book examines how the common law of judicial review has responded to the development of the administrative state in three different common law ...jurisdictions-the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada-over the past one hundred years.
ABSTRACT This article is a review of one of the first laws that regulated administrative law in the Patria Nueva, the Treasury Plan, analyzing its provisions from the continuity with Spanish colonial ...law and its possible projection in the constitution of 1818. ...it is questioned the thesis about whether this text is part of the constitutional history of Chile. KEY WORDS Administrative law - constitutional history - Chilean law - Treasury Plan - Spanish colonial law. La constitución de 1818, más allá de las críticas históricas y jurídicas, logró darle vida propia al estado de Chile y un mínimo de estabilidad a una sociedad convulsionada por conflictos de larga data.
Im vermeintlich "postfaktischen" Zeitalter scheint die Wahrheit einen schweren Stand zu haben. Die Suche nach ihr ist oft wirkmächtigen Störungen ausgesetzt. Doch gleich ob gefahrstoffrechtlich die ...Kanzerogenität von Glyphosat, asylrechtlich die Glaubhaftigkeit einer Verfolgungsgeschichte oder im Äußerungs- und Medienrecht Desinformation zu beurteilen sind: Das Recht stellt Schutzmechanismen, die einer sachwidrigen Beeinflussung entgegenwirken sollen. Aus der rechtsdogmatischen Analyse dieser konkreten Rechtspraxis heraus sucht Björnstjern Baade juristische Antworten auf grundlegende philosophische Wahrheitsfragen. Letztlich ist nicht die Wahrheit in der Krise, sondern das Vertrauen in die Wahrheitsfindung. Um diese Krise zu überwinden, plädiert der Autor für ein kritisch informiertes, aber praktisch operationalisierbares Verständnis von Objektivität.
Im vermeintlich "postfaktischen" Zeitalter scheint die Wahrheit einen schweren Stand zu haben. Die Suche nach ihr ist oft wirkmächtigen Störungen ausgesetzt. Doch gleich ob gefahrstoffrechtlich die Kanzerogenität von Glyphosat, asylrechtlich die Glaubhaftigkeit einer Verfolgungsgeschichte oder im Äußerungs- und Medienrecht Desinformation zu beurteilen sind: Das Recht stellt Schutzmechanismen, die einer sachwidrigen Beeinflussung entgegenwirken sollen. Aus der rechtsdogmatischen Analyse dieser konkreten Rechtspraxis heraus sucht Björnstjern Baade juristische Antworten auf grundlegende philosophische Wahrheitsfragen. Letztlich ist nicht die Wahrheit in der Krise, sondern das Vertrauen in die Wahrheitsfindung. Um diese Krise zu überwinden, plädiert der Autor für ein kritisch informiertes, aber praktisch operationalisierbares Verständnis von Objektivität.
Perhaps no kind of regulation is more common or less useful than mandated disclosure-requiring one party to a transaction to give the other information. It is the iTunes terms you assent to, the ...doctor's consent form you sign, the pile of papers you get with your mortgage. Reading the terms, the form, and the papers is supposed to equip you to choose your purchase, your treatment, and your loan well.More Than You Wanted to Knowsurveys the evidence and finds that mandated disclosure rarely works. But how could it? Who reads these disclosures? Who understands them? Who uses them to make better choices?
Omri Ben-Shahar and Carl Schneider put the regulatory problem in human terms. Most people find disclosures complex, obscure, and dull. Most people make choices by stripping information away, not layering it on. Most people find they can safely ignore most disclosures and that they lack the literacy to analyze them anyway. And so many disclosures are mandated that nobody could heed them all. Nor can all this be changed by simpler forms in plainer English, since complex things cannot be made simple by better writing. Furthermore, disclosure is a lawmakers' panacea, so they keep issuing new mandates and expanding old ones, often instead of taking on the hard work of writing regulations with bite.
Timely and provocative,More Than You Wanted to Knowtakes on the form of regulation we encounter daily and asks why we must encounter it at all.
Increasing the investment activity of the existing companies and stimulating the incorporation of new companies is one of the factors of economic development. Many factors determine the scope of ...economic activity in a country, one of them is the procedure for incorporating economic entities. If we start from the assumption that the investor, domestic or foreign, has assessed the possibility of profiting in a specific economic environment, the first step in the realization of their business idea is the incorporation of their company. The legislation in Serbia provides an opportunity for a significant part of the procedure for incorporating business entities to be conducted electronically. Using this opportunity implies the knowledge of several laws related to the procedure for incorporation registration, as well as mastering new e-methods of communicating and running business. In this paper, we point out the normative solutions related to the e-registration of companies in Serbia and the problems in the practice that the founders encounter. E-registration of business entities entails the understanding of numerous e-instruments such as: e-documents, qualified e-signature, e-address, user applications, qualified e-time stamp and others. Memorandum of Association and other acts can be made in written or e-form, so the question arises whether all documents when forming a company can be in e-form and how an e-document can be materialized without losing legal force. Another legal obligation in our country, for some companies, is the e-records of beneficial owners. We will deal with these and other practical issues that the founders of companies in Serbia face in this paper.
Die Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung steht für einen grundlegenden Wandel von Verwaltung und Verwaltungskultur. Als Motor für diesen Wandel wirken zum Teil unionsrechtliche Vorgaben. Da ...Verwaltungsorganisation und Verwaltungsverfahren aber in erster Linie Sache der Mitgliedstaaten sind und die Verwaltungsdigitalisierung in den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten unterschiedlich weit vorangeschritten ist, vergleicht der vorliegende Sammelband die föderal gegliederte Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die zentralistisch organisierte Republik Polen aus einer rechts- und verwaltungswissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Die Beiträge beleuchten historische, rechtliche und verwaltungswissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Verwaltungsdigitalisierung näher, stellen die Regulierung dihrer technischen Aspekte dar und nehmen einzelne Verwaltungssektoren in den Blick.
Die Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung steht für einen grundlegenden Wandel von Verwaltung und Verwaltungskultur. Als Motor für diesen Wandel wirken zum Teil unionsrechtliche Vorgaben. Da Verwaltungsorganisation und Verwaltungsverfahren aber in erster Linie Sache der Mitgliedstaaten sind und die Verwaltungsdigitalisierung in den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten unterschiedlich weit vorangeschritten ist, vergleicht der vorliegende Sammelband die föderal gegliederte Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die zentralistisch organisierte Republik Polen aus einer rechts- und verwaltungswissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Die Beiträge beleuchten historische, rechtliche und verwaltungswissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Verwaltungsdigitalisierung näher, stellen die Regulierung dihrer technischen Aspekte dar und nehmen einzelne Verwaltungssektoren in den Blick.
The article presents conciliatory case settling methods in administrative proceedings. These methods are administrative settlement and mediation. The institution of administrative settlement has ...existed in the CAP since 1980. The institution of mediation, on the other hand, was introduced into the CAP because of the 2017 amendment. The purpose of the article is to present these institutions and to verify them in practice. There is no doubt that the introduction of mediation into the administrative procedure constitutes an implementation of the trend of implementation of ADR methods37, which certainly deserves to be approved of. It appears that the institution of mediation in administrative proceedings has the chance to work out to a greater extent than the administrative settlement.
Protection of nascent university autonomy, recognition of professor status and validity of acquired diplomas – all provided by the Church throughout history – were crucial for the development of ...universities during their early existence, at the time when they acquired their present reputation and influence. Denominational theology, based on the authority of higher education in modern society, has the capacity to exert dominant influence on the identity, doctrine and perception of a certain denomination, requiring the safeguarding of the church’s right to maintain such influence within the confines of its self-determination. Appointments of theology professors is an indispensable instrument for ensuring such a right. The right of selfdetermination of the church represents the framework within which university autonomy in the domain of denominational theological study may be exerted. Absence of the right of the church to influence appointment of theology professors would amount to the negation of its right to religious self-determination.
