The paper aims to present the promulgation process of the Constitution of
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Landesstatut) in the context of the Austro-Hungarian
colonial administration of this territory. The ...passing of the promised
constitution, locally known as Zemaljski statut, was an important political
issue in the Dual Monarchy and attracted significant attention among
contemporaries. The complex internal dynamics of Austria- Hungary and the
peculiar legal status of Bosnia and Herzegovina make the process of enacting
the supreme legal act of the newly annexed territory an intriguing case
study within a colonial regime.
At the turn of the century, Sigmund Freud's investigation of the mind represented a particular journey into mental illness, but it was not the only exploration of this 'territory' in the ...Austro-Hungarian Empire. Sanatoriums were the new tourism destinations, psychiatrists were collecting art works produced by patients and writers were developing innovative literary techniques to convey a character's interior life. This collection of essays uses the framework of journeys in order to highlight the diverse artistic, cultural and medical responses to a peculiarly Viennese anxiety about the madness of modern times. The travellers of these journeys vary from patients to doctors, artists to writers, architects to composers and royalty to tourists; in engaging with their histories, the contributors reveal the different ways in which madness was experienced and represented in 'Vienna 1900'.
Der Aufsatz untersucht den Zusammenhang von Raum, Umwelt und Krieg am Beispiel der wiederholten Besetzungen (Ost-)Galiziens durch russische Truppen im Ersten Weltkrieg. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ...dabei das spannungsvolle Verhältnis zwischen den Bemühungen, die eroberte Region in das Zarenreich zu integrieren, und zugleich den militärischen Notwendigkeiten des Kriegsgeschehens Rechnung zu tragen. Dabei wurde die Umwelt unter den Bedingungen des industriellen Kriegs zwangsläufig militarisiert: Man holzte die Wälder ab und überflutete die Flusstäler aus operativen Überlegungen heraus; dazu kam die Verseuchung der Böden durch Kampfstoffe, Leichen und Kadaver. Die Angst vor Epidemien führte rasch zu einer Medikalisierung des Okkupationsregimes; dabei blieb eine Radikalisierung der Besatzungspraxis bis zu einer Politik der verbrannten Erde nicht aus.
The Saint Nicholas Bay Shipwreck (SNBS) lies in 4 m of water near Chernomorets, Bulgaria. The wreck was studied in a rescue excavation in 2015. Design and construction point to the second half of the ...19th century and Mediterranean European provenance. Analysis of fastenings attributes the ship's origin to the Adriatic coast of the Austro-Hungarian Empire linking its construction with the prominent shipyard Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino. Archival research reveals that the wreck may be one of several vessels, built between 1863 and 1869. The SNBS provides a valuable perspective on the globalization of Black Sea seafaring during the 'long 19th century'.
The submitted study analyses the legislative and organisational-political framework in building up a health system in Czechoslovakia, specifically in the historical lands (Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia) ...in the first decade of its existence using unpublished and published sources and academic publications. Not only did the Czechoslovak health system build on its predecessor in the Habsburg Monarchy, but in addition almost immediately following the establishment of the new state in 1918, adopted legislation began the construction of a modern and respected healthcare system in terms of both organisation and funding.
This article explores the role of trust in the administrative reform debates in Cisleithania between 1890 and 1918 through the lens of bureaucratic encounters. For politicians, civil servants and ...scholars, administrative reform played a crucial role in mitigating what they saw as the negative consequences of democratic politics: partisan conflict, which increasingly obstructed legislative work from the late 1890s. As administrative reformers perceived democratic politics not as a source of legitimation but the cause of a crisis of governability, they looked for other ways to legitimate the imperial state. They propagated that the state administration needed to acquire the population’s trust as a form of legitimation independent from representative institutions and argued for regular contact and personal interactions between civil servants and the populace at the local level. However, part of their concept of trust was a veiled distrust of citizens as political and bureaucratic subjects.
When Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina, it brought many social and cultural changes. One of them was suppressing the widespread culture of holding and carrying arms that existed in ...Ottoman Bosnia. Holding arms was still possible but under strict control. Firearm holders were, therefore, a very tiny, privileged group inside society. In this paper, we analyze the ethnic/religious and social structure of this group in the case of the Tuzla Circle in 1904. How large was this group? Were there differences along ethnic and social lines in terms of firearm holding rates? These are the key questions we are seeking answers to in this paper, with an aim to get the first insight into the broader picture of firearm holding in the entire province under the Monarchy’s control.
The second half of the nineteenth century was an era of mass labour migration in Europe, when the Atlantic route became of paramount importance alongside intra-continental mobility. From the last ...third of the century Italy and Hungary were among the most important emigrating countries. By this time changes in the regulation of migration had begun to take place with the development of stronger state control, which affected mobility and the relationship between emigrants and transporters. The question also arose as to whether and how the large emigrating states could ensure the loyalty of their emigrant citizens and control them en route and in the destination states. The regulatory process which began in the 1880s gradually moved from an administrative approach to the development of more comprehensive legal sources covering more and more aspects of emigration with the Hungarian government making use of foreign solutions, particularly the Italian Emigration Act of 1901.
How to Break a State DEAK, JOHN; GUMZ, JONATHAN E.
The American historical review,
10/2017, Letnik:
122, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Habsburg Empire’s final years and its experience in the First World War have traditionally been a story of dysfunction and national disintegration. This article, by contrast, stresses that the ...prewar Habsburg state was far from dysfunctional and in many ways approximated its other nineteenth-century constitutionalist counterparts within Europe and across the world. Yet the war and the stresses surrounding it, especially along the seam of civil-military relations, tore that constitutionalist state apart as the Habsburg Army declared its own internal war against the Habsburg civilian state. The army focused its ire on the rule of law within that state, which it viewed as contributing to the state’s weaknesses, and ultimately its initial failures, in the first year and a half of the war. Thus, the Habsburg Empire descended into a state of exception as the army took advantage of an array of legal tools designed to accompany initial mobilizations to make deep and lasting incursions into the practice of managing civilians. These incursions caused widespread dismay among broad sections of the Habsburg populace, while simultaneously undermining the practices and procedures of the Habsburg administration. Yet in plunging into a state of legal exception, the Habsburg Empire was hardly an anomaly in the twentieth century. Rather, it was a harbinger of what was to come as the nineteenth-century constitutionalist state came under assault in emergency situations in Europe during the First World War and beyond.
The article summarizes the process of identifying and separating Ukrainians from tsarist army soldiers who were captured by the Austrian-Hungarian forces. In 1915, such efforts were initiated by ...members of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine (ULU) who surveyed camp inmates and compiled a list of prisoners willing to move to a Ukrainian camp in Freistadt. The procedure was complex because many inmates supported the imperial ideology, including the Black Hundreds and Little Russians who exerted psychological pressure on the prisoners and attempted to prevent communication between the Ukrainians and the ULU envoys. The compiled lists of Ukrainian nationals laid long-lasting foundations for the ULU’s efforts to unite Ukrainians and establish a community of Ukrainian activists, albeit a small one, who were willing to risk their lives and carry out the difficult task of spreading national liberation ideas not only in POW camps, but also on Ukrainian lands in Russia. Owing to the ULU’s efforts, Ukrainian prisoners were transferred to the camp in Freistadt which was the center of Ukrainian life in 1915–1918.
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