In 1918 according to the interior ministry in Vienna of the Republic of Austria there was no ‘Gypsy mischief’ anymore. The criminalization of poverty and the assumption about destitute persons would ...endanger the public order and security climaxed a new dimension in World War One, when more than one million refugees from the war zones arrived in the western regions of Austria-Hungary or were evacuated by the military forces. Following the internment camps for refugees and ‘political suspicious’ civilians, a ‘Gypsies camp’ was built in Hainburg an der Donau.
Das Wiener Innenministerium der Republik Österreich ging 1918 davon aus, dass die ‚Zigeunerfrage‘ im Zuge des Ersten Weltkriegs gelöst worden sei. Die Kriminalisierung von Armut und die Annahme, dass Mittellose eine Gefährdung für die öffentliche Ordnung und Sicherheit darstellen würden, nahmen im Ersten Weltkrieg eine neue Dimension an, als über eine Million Flüchtlinge aus den Kriegsgebieten in den Westen Österreich-Ungarns kamen oder von den Militärbehörden evakuiert wurden. Infolge der Internierung von Flüchtlingen sowie von ‚politisch verdächtigen‘ Zivilisten und Zivilistinnen wurde das ‚Zigeunerlager‘ in Hainburg an der Donau errichtet.
Summary
In spring 1912, 25-year-old lawyer Luka Jukić tried to assassinate the Croatian Ban and Royal Commissioner Slavko Cuvaj. This article focuses on several aspects of the trial against Jukić: ...first, on analysing the impact of Cesare Lombroso’s criminology in Croatia; second, on the testimony by forensic psychiatrist Ivo Žirovčić, who controversially claimed that Jukić was sane; third, on unmasking the techniques and manipulations by the media, the regime and the opposition concerning the assassin’s alleged insanity; and finally, on identifying the ways in which the case influenced further political and revolutionary activities in the country. The discussion concerning Jukić’s accountability deepened the chasm between the supporters and opponents of Cuvaj’s regime, both in the political sphere and within the Croatian medical community.
The paper investigates into the rendering of minority place names on maps of the Third Austrian Military Survey, i.e. the Francisco-Josephinian topographical survey in the scales 1:75 000 ('Special ...Map') and 1:200 000 ('General Map') executed and edited by the Military-Geographical Institute in Vienna in the 1870s and 1880s with a regional focus on two sample areas, i.e. bilingual (German-Slovenian) southern Carinthia and Italian-Croatian parts of the Austrian Littoral. On the background of already well-established national identities and a rather well-developed nationality legislation in these Austrian crownlands, the paper shows the extent to which the rendering of place names for all feature types on official maps reflects nationality rights, inter-ethnic relations and Viennese state policies.
The growth in online platforms and documentary aggregator sites has revolutionised the process of Jewish family history research. This article records how the loss of EU citizenship rights following ...Britain's departure from the European Union encouraged the author to investigate their own family history. Drawing upon the author's findings, it describes how communal record books left on the shelves of town halls across Romania for over a century have been given new life thanks to the efforts of community archivists. This article chronicles their efforts to identify, preserve and digitise these documents which help to shed light on the history of the Jewish community of Dorna Watra, now Vatra Dornei, a small town in the former Austrian crownland of Bukovina. This article provides a detailed evaluation of the opportunities facing Jewish family researchers and the strengths and weaknesses of online aggregator sites such as Ancestry.Com and JewishGen.
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of migration processes in the late 19th – early 20th centuries from the territory of Austria-Hungary to America. Demand for workers in the United ...States, which has been active since the mid-19th century and exacerbation of socio-economic contradictions in Austria-Hungary in the second half of the 19th century, caused the intensification of migration flows between the two continents. Among the emigrants were all the nations who inhabited the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. But the population of the north-eastern regions of the country prevailed. At first there were Slovaks and Ukrainians. They traveled to improve their lives and the lives of their families. Low living standards due to economic backwardness, slow growth of production, lack of new technologies in agriculture only increased the flow of migrants. Lack of land suitable for agriculture, low wages also contributed to travel abroad. There were two main categories, workers, who returned home at the end of the working season, and it was mostly part of spring, summer and autumn, and the next year they went again to search some work. The second category – those who left and never returned. In the following years, some immigrants, Slovaks and Ukrainians, formed community centers, which played an important role in the formation of independent states. At the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. There was the migration process between the United States and Austria-Hungary took place. The main routes of the continents passed through the ports of Hamburg and Bremen. The diplomacy of the Russian Empire paid much attention to the issue of migration. The interest was due to a desire to understand more about a country that was a political opponent of Russia in European politics. The work is written on the basis of diplomatic reports published in the "Collection of diplomatic reports" in the late 19th – early 20th century. The used materials provide an opportunity to study the process of resettlement of the nations of Hungary to America from the standpoint of Russian diplomacy in the late 19th – early 20th century.
The paper aims to present the promulgation process of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Landesstatut) in the context of the Austro-Hungarian colonial administration of this territory. The ...passing of the promised constitution, locally known as Zemaljski statut, was an important political issue in the Dual Monarchy and attracted significant attention among contemporaries. The complex internal dynamics of Austria-Hungary and the peculiar legal status of Bosnia and Herzegovina make the process of enacting the supreme legal act of the newly annexed territory an intriguing case study within a colonial regime
Abstract
Few products, which today seem so
marginal, had capital importance for
national well-being and the country's
economy like plums. Bosnia and
Herzegovina had particularly favorable
climatic ...and pedological features for
plum cultivation. These natural bene-
fits and the multiple possibility of
exploitation have enabled the plum to
take a dominant place among Bosnian
fruits. Its economic importance did not
go unnoticed by the Ottoman and later
Austro-Hungarian authorities, who paid
special attention to it. Therefore, it
should not be surprising that in the
observed period the plum was a kind of
national treasure, and plum growing
was the most developed branch of fruit
growing. The Austro-Hungarian occu-
pation authorities especially improved
the method of processing and the sale
of plums and contributed to its beco-
ming an important economic branch.
Keywords
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ottoman
Empire, Austria-Hungary, Posavina,
Brčko, plum, prune, jam, trade
With the upcoming centennial anniversary of the founding of Czechoslovakia, the thoughts of both nations are shifting towards the person of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, who played a crucial role in the ...whole process. In this case, it is necessary to look at his beginnings on the scientific ground. His first major political work, which was published in Brno in 1876 in a journal called Moravská orlice, was the work called Theory and practice. This work is crucial because Masaryk is defending the true meaning of sociology, as he presents sociology as one of the most fundamental sciences. In addition, the work contains some foundations for future political science. It is a pretty essential work in general that has not yet received the attention it deserves as it has been analyzed only marginally or not at all even by Masaryk’s biographers (almost all of them left out the last part of this particular thesis). So it would be very meaningful to not only analyze it properly but also to put this work into the historical context and look at Masaryk’s subsequent theses and books just so we can have a better idea if he continued with similar ideas to those from Theory and practice.
What is 'typically' habsburgish about the network of cities that were under the rule of the imperial dynasty for several centuries? As a place of artistic and intellectual production, as an economic ...hub, as a decision-making centre, the limited space of the city interacted with the empire. The contributions brought together in this book study the influences and exchanges (economic relations, political culture, artistic productions) that shaped the territories governed by the Habsburgs in Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Hungary, Austria and America, from the modern era to the contemporary period. The traces of these interactions testify of the unique role played by urban cooperation in the development of a composite monarchy.
Qu’y a-t-il de « typiquement » habsbourgeois dans le réseau des villes placées plusieurs siècles durant sous la domination de la dynastie impériale ? Lieu de production artistique et intellectuelle, cœur économique, centre décisionnel, l’espace limité de la ville agit en interaction avec l’empire. Les contributions rassemblées ici étudient les influences et les échanges (relations économiques, culture politique, productions artistiques) qui ont façonné les territoires gouvernés par les Habsbourg en Espagne, en Italie, aux Pays-Bas, en Hongrie, en Autriche et en Amérique, de l’époque moderne à l’époque contemporaine. Les traces de ces interactions témoignent du rôle exceptionnel qu’a joué la coopération urbaine dans le fonctionnement d’une monarchie composite.
Was ist ""typisch"" habsburgisch an dem Netzwerk von Städten, die mehrere Jahrhunderte lang unter der Herrschaft der kaiserlichen Dynastie standen? Als Ort der künstlerischen und intellektuellen Produktion, als wirtschaftliches Herz und als Entscheidungszentrum agierte der begrenzte Raum der Stadt in Wechselwirkung mit dem Reich. Die hier versammelten Beiträge untersuchen die Einflüsse und den Austausch (wirtschaftliche Beziehungen, politische Kultur, künstlerische Produktionen), die die von den Habsburgern regierten Gebiete in Spanien, Italien, den Niederlanden, Ungarn, Österreich und Amerika von der Neuzeit bis in die Gegenwart prägten. Die Spuren dieser Interaktionen zeugen von der außergewöhnlichen Rolle, die die städtische Zusammenarbeit für das Funktionieren einer zusammengesetzten Monarchie spielte.
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