Notes handwritten by Furuichi Koi in French are currently kept in “Furuichi Koi Collection”, the University of Tokyo (M04, M05, M07). M04 and M05 were translated into Japanese by Iguchi Shohei, but ...Japanese translation of M07 entitled Notes sur les travaux publics en Europe is not yet realized. The purpose of this report is the typing and Japanese translation of the full text of “Notes diverses” of Chapter 1 that provide an overview of the Rhone River, suspension bridges over the Durance River, roads near the Durance River, and maintenance personnel for roads.
Bedload transport and bedform mobility in large gravel-bed rivers are not easily monitored, especially during floods. Large reaches present difficulties in bed access during flows for flow ...measurements. Because of these logistical issues, the current knowledge about bedload transport processes and bedform mobility lacks field-based information, while this missing information would precisely match river management needs. The lack of information linking channel evolution and particle displacements is even more striking in wandering reaches. The Durance River is a large, wandering, gravel-bed river (catchment area: 14,280km2; mean width: 240m), located in the southern French Alps and highly impacted by flow diversion and gravel mining. In order to improve current understanding of the link between sediment transport processes and river bed morphodynamics, we set up a sediment particle survey in the channel using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tracking and topographic surveys (GPS RTK and scour chains) for a 4-year recurrence interval flood. By combining topographic changes before and after a flood, intraflood erosion/deposition patterns from scour chains, differential routing of tracer particles, and spatial distribution of bed shear stress through a complex reach, this paper aims to define the critical shear stress for significant sediment mobility in this setting. Gravel tracking highlights displacement patterns in agreement with bar downstream migration and transport of particles across the riffle within this single flood event. Because no velocity measurements were possible during flood, a Telemac three-dimensional model helped interpret particle displacements by estimating spatial distribution of shear stresses and flow directions at peak flow. Although RFID tracking in a large, wandering, gravel-bed river does have some technical limitations (burial, recovery process time-consuming), it provides useful information on sediment routing through a riffle–pool sequence.
•RFID tracking and topographic survey describe gravel mobility in a riffle–pool reach.•Gravel displacement patterns agree with bar migration within a single flood event.•RFID tracking in large, wandering, gravel-bed rivers is technically feasible.
A comienzos del siglo XIV, con el traslado de la sede pontificia desde Roma hasta Aviñón, se produjeron numerosos cambios en la Iglesia que llevaron a un control mucho más exhaustivo de la presión ...fiscal y de la colación de los beneficios eclesiásticos de toda la Cristiandad por parte del propio papa, a favor en muchos casos de clérigos franceses próximos a él mismo. A la vez, como es sabido, en el año 1311, en el Concilio de Vienne, se decretó la supresión de la orden militar de los templarios, y ello dio lugar a que numerosas iglesias que antiguamente pertenecían a esta orden militar ahora fuesen controladas directamente por el papado, que nombraba a sus clérigos. Todo ello produjo un enfrentamiento importante con los obispos locales hispanos, que ahora se estudia con detenimiento.
The theatre of Robert Pinget was acclaimed at the Avignon Festival till the 1980s, until it became in spite of itself a representative of the theatrical avant-garde greeted by numerous critics and ...academic texts. It appears, however, that Pinget’s theatre was the victim of a real misinterpretation. Adventurous life, where romance and destiny mingle, lay the foundations of pingétienne irony, this search for personal tone subjects to uncertainties and other contradictions Robert Pinget’s affiliation with Max Jacob’s is an attempt to approach the avant-garde, but to turn away from it in a subtle way in the last moment. This waltz-hesitation of Pinget will be the basis of a tendency to put this work in the “new novel” or the theatrical avant-garde. The literature of Pinget can be considered as a form of the art of the escape the expression of an incessantly renewed amazement through an acousmatic voice. It is through the theory of the double and the quest for secrecy that we can now reposition Pinget’s theater in the perspective of a classical theater on the very margins of the avant-garde and a striking example of an ontological incomprehension between adaptation and the message left by the author.
Although relatively little has been written of Jacques-Joseph Bonhomme's life (1708−1793) and contribution, his descriptions of the brain “Traité de la Céphalotomie” (Treatise on Dissection of the ...Head) were among the most accurate of his day. Published in 1748 in Avignon (France), this book remained a valuable resource to anatomists and surgeons as it was highlighted in many publications.
Bonhomme was one of the first surgeons to study brain details in the skull's natural position. The brain was cut perpendicularly along the median line with new techniques of dissection (by the bottom of the head and not by the top). He has also been known for the accuracy of his illustrations.
Bonhomme was appointed anatomic demonstrator at the Hospital and the University of Avignon, a prestigious position for a former “barber surgeon” at that time. His literary merits established him as a respected scholar of neuroanatomy during his lifetime. However, he did not have such a wide European reputation, probably because he had no access to a chair of anatomy.
•Jacques-Joseph Bonhomme is a forgotten French neuroanatomist and surgeon.•His descriptions of the brain in Traité de la Céphalotomie were among the most accurate of his day.•Published in 1748 in Avignon (France), this book remained a valuable resource to anatomists and surgeons as it was highlighted in many publications.•Bonhomme was one of the first surgeons to study brain details in the skull's natural position.•Unfortunately, he did not have such a wide European reputation, probably because he lacked access to a chair of anatomy.
Core Ideas
SNO KARST is dedicated to the study of karst functioning.
Hydrodynamics and geochemistry are measured at springs and in karst compartments.
Process sampling was set up at nine sites in ...various climatic contexts.
Continuous monitoring concerns timescales from 10 to >50 yr.
New tools and findings are due to the complementarity of gathered data.
Karst aquifers and watersheds represent a major source of drinking water around the world. They are also known as complex and often highly vulnerable hydrosystems due to strong surface–groundwater interactions. Improving the understanding of karst functioning is thus a major issue for the efficient management of karst groundwater resources. A comprehensive understanding of the various processes can be achieved only by studying karst systems across a wide range of spatiotemporal scales under different geological, geomorphological, climatic, and soil cover settings. The objective of the French Karst National Observatory Service (SNO KARST) is to supply the international scientific community with appropriate data and tools, with the ambition of (i) facilitating the collection of long‐term observations of hydrogeochemical variables in karst, and (ii) promoting knowledge sharing and developing cross‐disciplinary research on karst. This paper provides an overview of the monitoring sites and collective achievements, such as the KarstMod modular modeling platform and the PaPRIKa toolbox, of SNO KARST. It also presents the research questions addressed within the framework of this network, along with major research results regarding (i) the hydrological response of karst to climate and anthropogenic changes, (ii) the influence of karst on geochemical balance of watersheds in the critical zone, and (iii) the relationships between the structure and hydrological functioning of karst aquifers and watersheds.
PDF
