Some scholars who studied the Papacy of Avingon during the 19th and 20th centuries have already pointed that the popes departure from Rome was a frequent reality by the second half of the 13th ...century, due to internal political conflicts that affected the Curia and the Patrimonium Petri environments. On the other hand, recent studies have pointed the relevance of the Curia roerganization made by the Supreme Pontiffs
who resided in Avingon. The goal of this article is to analyse the transference process from the pontifical Curia from Rome to Avingon, considering four elements: 1) the alliance between the Papacy and the Franco-Angevin House; 2) the influence from the conflicts of the italian aristocracy inside the Roman Curia; 3) the conflict of the popes against the Kingdom of France and the Empire; 4) the popes’ desire to centralize the ecclesiastical structures.
Algunos estudiosos del Papado en Avignon ya apuntaron, en los siglos XIX y XX , que la separación de los papas de Roma era una realidad frecuente ya en la segunda mitad del siglo XIII, debido a los conflictos políticos internos de la Italia que se reflejaban en el ambiente de la Curia y del Patrimonium Petri. Por otro lado, estudios recientes apuntan la importancia de la reorganización de la Curia efectuada por los sumos pontífices residentes en Avignon. El objetivo de ese artículo es analizar el proceso de transferencia de la
Curia pontificia de Roma para Avignon a partir de cuatro elementos: 1) la alianza entre el papado y la casa franco-angevina; 2) la influencia de los conflictos de la aristocracia italiana dentro de la Curia Romana; 3) el conflicto de los papas con el reino de Francia y el Imperio; 4) el deseo de los papas de mayor centralización de las estructuras eclesiásticas.
In 1968, Jean Vilar invited the Living Theatre to the XXIIth edition of the Avignon Festival. This invitation of the American anarchist company was part of the new policy of Vilar who was eager to ...open his festival to the younger generation and to new theatrical forms. Yet, in the wake of the revolution of May in Paris, Vilar’s festival was debased as a “cultural supermarket” by Jean-Jacques Lebel and the enragés with whom the Living Theatre sympathized and a second revolution took place that summer 1968 in Avignon. The Odéon and Avignon crises of May and July, when theatres became the stages of spectacular heated debates about the creation of a new society, demonstrated the synergy between the political and the theatrical by simultaneously enhancing the theatricality of politics and the politics of theatre. Interestingly (and paradoxically), in spite of the importance of the part played by The Living Theatre in this French Revolution of 1968, official history has been oblivious of the involvement of the American company. This amnesia is symptomatic of the trauma of the lost utopian dreams which 1968 came to represent. The fifty anniversary of the revolution of 1968 is the occasion to lift the veil on the forgotten episodes of this historical moment, to turn back the clock and further discover about the participation of The Living Theatre.
À l’automne 2017, une opération archéologique a été réalisée au sud-est de la ville d’Avignon (Vaucluse), au lieu-dit « Bel Air ». Cette intervention consistait à sonder un vaste terrain d’une ...superficie d’environ 275 000 m² dans le but d’évaluer le potentiel archéologique du secteur. Dans un des sondages, a été mise au jour une structure antique identifiée comme un possible renforcement d’une portion de voirie, mis en œuvre au moyen d’éléments lapidaires réemployés. Parmi ces derniers, ont été reconnus des stèles anépigraphes et des blocs d’architecture. L’analyse typologique et comparative des pièces architecturales a permis de mettre en évidence, pour certaines d’entre elles, une appartenance à un même monument. Leur mise en parallèle avec d’autres éléments architecturaux découverts à proximité ou dans une zone géographique relativement proche (Mouriès, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence et Beaucaire), nous autorise à proposer ici l’existence d’un nouvel exemplaire de colonne funéraire en Narbonnaise.
Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) is attributed a key role in soil major biogeochemical processes. Yet, information concerning its dynamics within the soil profile and under uncontrolled field ...conditions is scarce, particularly in agricultural soils. Here, we present a study of WEOM dynamics across a soil profile of 100
cm over a period of seven months. Soil samples were collected from a field in the French Mediterranean region. Prior to sampling, maize residues were incorporated into soil down to around 20
cm. WEOM was fractionated on XAD-8/4 resins connected in tandem and analysed using UV/Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. The overall data were further investigated by principal components analysis (PCA).
The average concentrations of bulk WEOM decreased significantly with increasing soil depth as a result of the depletion of all its subsequent hydrophobic (HPOA), transphilic (TPIA), and hydrophilic (HPIA) acids fractions. In deeper soil layers, WEOM was most severely depleted in HPOA leading to significant decrease in its aromaticity estimated by UV specific absorbance at 254
nm (UVSA
254). Typical three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of WEOM exhibited two humic-like peaks, A and C, persistent across the entire soil profile. A low-intensity shoulder, H, attributed to lignin oxidative degradation by-products was also perceptible in WEOM from the soil surface layer. The absence of fluorescence signals attributed to labile and protein-like structures suggested highly altered status of WEOM regardless of soil depth. This is most probably related to Ca
++ preference to form links with microbial degradation by-products leading to intensive degradation of labile structures. Further alteration of WEOM is revealed by its humic-like peaks' blue-shifting and increasing the ratio between their emission intensities, IA/IC. This indicated WEOM's enrichment in simpler, less conjugated, and older structures with depth. WEOM's alteration across the soil profile may be a consequence of low vertical export of plant residues and more significant contribution of native SOM in its production.
PCA revealed the association of bulk WEOM and its subsequent fractions concentrations to the 1st factor in variables' loads suggesting significant variations over the sampling period. These variations were mainly associated to rainfall and soil moisture in the upper soil layer. The contribution of these variables in explaining the overall variance decreased gradually with depth and showed weak correlation with the distribution of bulk WEOM. Temperature was associated to the 2nd and 3rd factors in variables' loads in the three soil layers indicating limited control on WEOM dynamics. PCA revealed higher sensitivity of IA/IC to climatic variations compared to UVSA
254 suggesting its higher potential as a tracer of temporal WEOM dynamics.
This paper summarises significant events in the life of Francis Edward Joseph Strickland from his birth in 1691 at the exiled Stuart Court in Saint-Germain-en-Leye, near Paris, to his death in ...Carlisle during the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. Emphasis is placed on his various roles in the Stuart court and his involvement in the 1715 and 1745 Jacobite rebellions, including his malign influence on Bonnie Prince Charlie and his deteriorating relationship with his godfather James Francis Stuart, the Old Pretender. His life is evaluated in the context of his role and status within the wider exiled Jacobite circle.
Animals had a prominent place in the medieval symbolic imagination. A variety of sources, including scripture, classical and medieval naturalists, and bestiaries, helped to inform the construction of ...animal symbology and to establish what might be considered a canon regarding animal symbolism. Two preachers at the fourteenth-century Avignonese curia - Cardinal Pierre des Prés and the Dominican Pierre de Palme - made extensive use of animal imagery in their sermons, drawing on the established medieval 'canon' of such imagery while simultaneously demonstrating considerable originality, particularly in constructing moral interpretations of the animal images that they employed.
The total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) and
13C
TDIC have been used as chemical and isotopic tracers to evaluate the contribution of different water components discharging at the Fontaine de ...Vaucluse karst spring near Avignon. At the same time they have been used to separate its flood hydrograph. Waters flowing from unsaturated zone (UZ) and saturated zone (SZ) show similar concentration in TDIC. In UZ and SZ water rock interactions do not obey to the same kinetic. The mixing rate between water coming from the UZ characterised by a short residence time and water from the SZ with a longer residence time has been evaluated in the spring discharge. In a hydrodynamic system, which is rather complex as it is open to the soil CO
2 in UZ and closed to the same CO
2 in the SZ,
13C
TDIC has excellent characteristics as an environmental tracer.
In order to better describe the inwardness of mass movements within the aquifer, the apparent contrasting information obtained using two different isotopes (
18O of water molecules and
13C of TDIC) must be combined.
18O informs whether the hydrodynamic system acts as piston flow (PF) or follows a well mixing model (WMM). Conversely,
13C gives more complete information on the UZ contributes to the total discharge.
Avignon 1701 Jérôme de La Gorce
Bulletin du Centre de Recherche du Château de Versailles,
04/2018
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
After leaving their brother, the Duke of Anjou, who became king of Spain, at Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the dukes of Burgundy and Berry made a solemn entry into Avignon, reported by numerous sources. Chapter ...registers, accounts of consuls holding municipal power, published accounts, travellers’ letters and diplomatic correspondence have been conserved and recall the independence of the capital of Comtat Venaissin from the Kingdom of France. Seconded by the vice-legate, Pope Clement XI wanted to take advantage of this situation to strengthen his authority in Avignon. For his part, should Louis XIV not have secured the Vatican’s support of the on the eve of the War of Spanish Succession in order to rally as many European powers as possible to his cause? At the heart of these concerns, the Jesuit Bontous, coordinator of the celebrations, played a pivotal role by favouring the Roman Catholic religion as defended by the House of Bourbon as a central theme. The subject of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes is even more developed than that of Philip V’s accession to the Spanish throne. In urging Pierre Peru to create an equestrian statue of Louis XIV slaying a hydra, which symbolized Calvinism, was he not opposing any challenges from the other side of the Rhône, which the next year would be the site of the Camisards revolt? The artistic dimension of this royal reception cannot be forgotten: in addition to the influence of ancient and papal Rome, the undeniable originality of the creators of Avignon and Provence, it is worth mentioning the choice of John Cotelle the Younger, the references to the painting of Charles Le Brun and the music of Michel Richard Delalande, all helping evoke the splendour of Versailles to better welcome the Sun King’s descendants to the papal city.
Crítica ao espectáculo Título: Sopro. Texto e encenação: Tiago Rodrigues. Luz e cenografia: Thomas Walgrave. Sonoplastia: Pedro Costa. Figurinos: Aldina Jesus. Assistente de encenação: Catarina Rôlo ...Salgueiro. Interpretação: Isabel Abreu, Beatriz Brás, Sofia Dias, Vítor Roriz, João Pedro Vaz, Cristina Vidal. Produção: Teatro Nacional D. Maria II. Local e data de estreia: Cloitre des Carmes Cloître des Carmes – 71.ª Edição do Festival de Avignon, 7 de Julho de 2017.
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