A weighty issue Widra, Eric A.
Fertility and sterility,
08/2024, Letnik:
122, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Interventions for management of obesity continue to expand. This Views and Reviews series discusses the impact of obesity on in vitro fertilization outcomes and practices and reviews emerging tools ...for weight management, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 agents.
Obesity and overweight have become increasingly prevalent in developing countries like China. This paper explores the evolvement of body mass index (BMI) of the Chinese population using a nationally ...representative sample. Focusing on familial transmission of BMI, we model married couple's BMI jointly and explore how parents' BMI affect children's BMI. In particular, we use spousal and parental characteristics as proxy variables to account for potential omitted variables bias and explicitly model common couple effect with the correlated random-effects model for couple' BMI. Our analysis suggests strong and positive spousal dependence and intergenerational transmissions of BMI in Chinese families. The influences of spousal BMI, parental BMI and a variety of social economic characteristics are found to depend on gender, region of residence (urban versus rural) and evolve over time. We find positive effects of spousal BMI that are significant, asymmetric (greater for wife than for husband), and generally vary across regions. For grown children, we find parental BMI to be the most important predictors for children's BMI. Since families can play an essential role in preventing obesity, our results can be useful for developing health intervention programs and promoting healthy lifestyle.
Background
Approximately one third of thromboembolic (TE) events are related to obesity, but to which extent elevated body mass index (BMI) during the distinct periods of childhood and puberty ...contributes is not known. We aimed to evaluate the impact of high BMI during childhood and puberty for the risk of adult venous and arterial thromboembolic events (VTE, ATE, respectively) in men.
Methods
We included 37,672 men from the BMI Epidemiology Study (BEST) Gothenburg with data on weight and height in childhood, young adult age, and on pubertal BMI change. Information on outcomes (VTE n = 1683, ATE n = 144, or any first TE event VTE or ATE; n = 1780) was retrieved from Swedish national registers. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox regressions.
Results
Both BMI at 8 years of age and the pubertal BMI change were associated with VTE, independently of each other (BMI at 8: HR 1.06 per standard deviation SD increase, 95% CI, 1.01;1.11; pubertal BMI change: HR 1.11 per SD increase, 95% CI, 1.06;1.16). Individuals with normal weight during childhood followed by young adult overweight (HR 1.40, 95% CI, 1.15;1.72), and individuals with overweight at both childhood and young adult age (HR 1.48, 95% CI, 1.14;1.92), had a significantly increased risk of VTE in adult life, compared with the normal weight reference group. Individuals with overweight in childhood and in young adult age had increased risk of ATE and TE.
Conclusion
Young adult overweight was a strong determinant, and childhood overweight a moderate determinant, of the risk of VTE in adult men.
•Observational cohort study including 5115 participants over 30 years.•Current cannabis was associated with lower BMI, probably due to residual confounding.•Cannabis cessation or cumulative cannabis ...exposure were not associated with BMI.
With increasing use of cannabis, we need to know if cannabis use and Body Mass Index (BMI) are associated.
The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study followed Black and White adults over 30 years with assessments every 2 to 5 years in four centers in the USA. We assessed self-reported current and computed cumulative cannabis exposure at every visit, and studied associations with BMI, adjusted for relevant covariables in mixed longitudinal models. We also applied marginal structural models (MSM) accounting for the probability of having stopped cannabis over the last 5 years.
At the Year 30 visit, 1,912 (58 %) identified as women and 1,600 (48 %) as Black, mean age was 56 (SD 2) years. While 2,849 (85 %) had ever used cannabis, 479 (14 %) currently used cannabis. Overall, participants contributed to 35,882 individual visits over 30 years. In multivariable adjusted models, mean BMI was significantly lower in daily cannabis users (26.6 kg/m2, 95 %CI 26.3 to 27.0) than in participants without current use (27.7 kg/m2, 95 %CI 27.5 to 27.9, p < 0.001). Cumulative cannabis use was not associated with BMI. The MSM showed no change in BMI when stopping cannabis use over a 5-year period (β=0.2 kg/m2 total, 95 %CI -0.2 to 0.6).
Current cannabis use was associated with lower BMI, but cumulative cannabis use and cessation were not. This suggests that recreational cannabis use may not lead to clinically relevant changes in BMI and that the association between current cannabis use and lower BMI is likely due to residual confounding.
For the Next 25 Years with Electronics KAWANO, Takeshi
The Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan,
2014, Letnik:
134, Številka:
5
Journal Article
The epidemiology of obesity Chooi, Yu Chung; Ding, Cherlyn; Magkos, Faidon
Metabolism, clinical and experimental,
March 2019, 2019-Mar, 2019-03-00, 20190301, Letnik:
92
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease. The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has doubled since 1980 to an extent that nearly a third of the world's population is now classified as ...overweight or obese. Obesity rates have increased in all ages and both sexes irrespective of geographical locality, ethnicity or socioeconomic status, although the prevalence of obesity is generally greater in older persons and women. This trend was similar across regions and countries, although absolute prevalence rates of overweight and obesity varied widely. For some developed countries, the prevalence rates of obesity seem to have levelled off during the past few years. Body mass index (BMI) is typically used to define overweight and obesity in epidemiological studies. However, BMI has low sensitivity and there is a large inter-individual variability in the percent body fat for any given BMI value, partly attributed to age, sex, and ethnicity. For instance, Asians have greater percent body fat than Caucasians for the same BMI. Greater cardiometabolic risk has also been associated with the localization of excess fat in the visceral adipose tissue and ectopic depots (such as muscle and liver), as well as in cases of increased fat to lean mass ratio (e.g. metabolically-obese normal-weight). These data suggest that obesity may be far more common and requires more urgent attention than what large epidemiological studies suggest. Simply relying on BMI to assess its prevalence could hinder future interventions aimed at obesity prevention and control.
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) can be used to decode brain activity into commands to control external devices. This paper presents the decoding of intuitive upper extremity imagery for ...multi-directional arm reaching tasks in three-dimensional (3D) environments. We designed and implemented an experimental environment in which electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can be acquired for movement execution and imagery. Fifteen subjects participated in our experiments. We proposed a multi-directional convolution neural network-bidirectional long short-term memory network (MDCBN)-based deep learning framework. The decoding performances for six directions in 3D space were measured by the correlation coefficient (CC) and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) between predicted and baseline velocity profiles. The grand-averaged CCs of multi-direction were 0.47 and 0.45 for the execution and imagery sessions, respectively, across all subjects. The NRMSE values were below 0.2 for both sessions. Furthermore, in this study, the proposed MDCBN was evaluated by two online experiments for real-time robotic arm control, and the grand-averaged success rates were approximately 0.60 (±0.14) and 0.43 (±0.09), respectively. Hence, we demonstrate the feasibility of intuitive robotic arm control based on EEG signals for real-world environments.
Previous studies have demonstrated an association between BMI and the development of sarcoidosis. We investigated this association and the association between OSA and the development of sarcoidosis ...in a US Veterans Health Administration database.
Is the presence of OSA or the BMI associated with the development of sarcoidosis over the subsequent 12 months?
We identified patients with sarcoidosis and OSA through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, codes. We selected a random sample of control participants with no record of sarcoidosis. All patients with sarcoidosis had at least one BMI value recorded in the 12 months before the sarcoidosis diagnosis was made. For the patients without sarcoidosis, the BMI values were obtained over intervals 12 months before a random date. We compared the BMI and the percentage of patients with OSA in the sarcoidosis group and in patients without sarcoidosis.
We analyzed 10,512 patients with sarcoidosis and 2,709,884 patients without sarcoidosis. We found no association between BMI and the rate of sarcoidosis developing. Post hoc statistical power calculations verified that these null results were meaningful and not the result of insufficient statistical power. We also found that a diagnosis of OSA was protective of sarcoidosis developing. Using a conditional logistic regression model with strata for age, sex, and BMI in the same 12-month period, a 49.0% lower odds of sarcoidosis was found in patients with OSA compared with patients without a diagnosis of OSA. Although the primary outcomes were assessed at 12 months before the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, these results basically held when examined at 3 and 6 months before the diagnosis was made.
These findings suggest that increased BMI is not associated positively with a greater odds of sarcoidosis developing. Furthermore, these results suggest that the presence of OSA lowers the odds of sarcoidosis developing.
Display omitted
