Anders Behring Breivik, a lone wolf terrorist, killed 77 people in two terrorist attacks in Norway in 2011. This study uses framing theory from social movement studies to compare his Manifesto with ...the rhetoric of the anti-Islamic movement that inspired him. The anti-Islamic movement has a dual, and sometimes inconsistent, collective action framing. On the one hand, they portray Islam as an existential threat to the West and a warlike enemy; on the other, they promote peaceful and democratic opposition. The potential for radicalization is thus immanent. This case study reveals the importance of seeing lone wolf terrorists as acting from rhetoric embedded in larger social movements. It further demonstrates, in detail, the subtle and complex ways in which political narratives rejecting terrorism and political violence still end up inspiring such acts.
Lone-wolf terrorism is a threat to the security of modern society, as was tragically shown in Norway on July 22, 2011, when Anders Behring Breivik carried out two terrorist attacks that resulted in a ...total of 77 deaths. Since lone wolves are acting on their own, information about them cannot be collected using traditional police methods such as infiltration or wiretapping. One way to attempt to discover them before it is too late is to search for various "weak signals" on the Internet, such as digital traces left in extremist web forums. With the right tools and techniques, such traces can be collected and analyzed. In this work, we focus on tools and techniques that can be used to detect weak signals in the form of linguistic markers for potential lone wolf terrorism.
Bereits die Mutter von Anders Behring Breivik wuchs als Heimkind und später in einer sozialen Randschichtfamilie mit dem Stigma auf, sie sei schuld an der invalidisierenden Poliomyelitis-Erkrankung ...der eigenen Mutter. Dieser Hintergrund bildete ein unbewusstes Motiv bei der Mutter für ihre Annahme, ihr ungeborener Sohn Anders hege sadistische Impulse gegen sie.Die Geschichte von Anders Behring Breivik wird rekonstruiert. Es wird deutlich, dass er als junger Erwachsener eine verheerende Bilanz zu ziehen hatte: Persönlich, beruflich und politisch gescheitert entwickelte er heftige Neid- und Rachegefühle gegen die Mitglieder der Arbeiterpartei, die alles zu haben schienen, was ihm fehlte. Daraus resultierten die verheerende Bombenattacke am Regierungssitz sowie das grauenhafte Massaker an 69 jungen Parteimitgliedern auf der Insel Utøya. Die Motive der Tat werden unter einer Mehrgenerationen-Perspektive rekonstruiert, bei der sowohl die familien- wie auch die soziodynamischen Faktoren beleuchtet werden.
22. juli 2011 ble Norge gjenstand for de alvorligste terrorhandlingene i landets historie. Ila fengsel fikk ansvaret for terroristen Anders Behring Breivik få dager etter angrepene. En større ...organisatorisk endringsprosess ble umiddelbart igangsatt. En ordinær lukket fengselsavdeling ble omgjort til en avdeling med særlig høyt sikkerhetsnivå (SHS). En rekke sikkerhetstiltak og nye rutiner ble innført. Dette fikk følger for fengselsbetjentene som ble utvalgt til å jobbe på det som ble hetende «SHS-avdelingen». Siden ingen andre ansatte fikk adgang til denne avdelingen, mistet SHS-betjentene for det første adgang til det normale kollegiale fellesskapet i fengselet. For det andre ble selve arbeidet på SHS-avdelingen regulert i detalj gjennom omfattende nye sikkerhetsprosedyrer. Betjentenes rom for autonome avgjørelser ble dermed innskrenket. For betjentene som jobbet på SHS-avdelingen ble hverdagen altså preget av sosial isolasjon og sosial disiplinering. Hovedfunnet i studien er at fengselsbetjentenes opplevelse av sosial isolasjon og disiplinering kan ha bidratt til at organisasjonskulturen på SHS-avdelingen ble mindre reflekterende.
Anders Breivik is the right wing terrorist who planted bombs in central Oslo then traveled twenty-five miles to Utoya Island, where he murdered, maimed, and wounded more than 100 people—the children ...of left-leaning politicians and public officials—at a summer camp associated with the ruling Labor Party. Breivik maintained that the killings were an act of asymmetrical warfare aimed at alerting fellow citizens to the impending Islamization of Norway and beginning a revolution against the "traitorous" liberals who were permitting or encouraging immigration from Muslim countries. Breivik surrendered to authorities at the site of the mass murder, and whether he committed the shooting, killing, and bombing was never in controversy; the only issue at trial was Breivik's sanity. Psychiatric experts disagreed, leaving the District Court in Oslo with the challenge of determining whether acts rationally related to extreme rightwing political values and beliefs, in a culture with longstanding and deeply rooted right-wing traditions, satisfy the legal understanding of what it means to be deemed not guilty by virtue of insanity.
In this article, we investigate how victims pursue legal participation when they are confronted by legal barriers and dilemmas that arise from tensions between legal formality and lay expectations ...and contributions of legal proceedings. We use the trial against Anders Behring Breivik as a case. Breivik placed a bomb in Norway's Government District before he shot and killed 69 people on a small island. We analyze interviews with 31 victims who testified against Breivik in court. We argue that the circumstances of the trial against Breivik can be characterized as "ideal" in terms of victims' rights. The exceptionality of this case facilitates a focus on unquestioned obstacles to victim participation concerning the professionalization of the legal system. We question the presumption prevalent among some theorists that the professionalization of the legal system excludes lay participation, by arguing that legal formality both alienate and empower lay participation.
This article discusses the Norwegian film The Pyromaniae (Erik Skjoldbjæ rg 2016) as an artistic attempt to come to terms with terrorism, and as a cinematic treatment of the Norwegian terror attacks ...of 22nd of July 2011. The film is discussed in relation with several written accounts on 22nd of July and focus is on the role of the individual, the family and the society when it comes to guilt and shame following incomprehensible events.
Anders Behring Breivik carried out two terrorist attacks in Norway in 2011, killing 77 people. In a 1500-page Manifesto, he justifies the attacks, describes his ideology and presents his life-story. ...The Manifesto is Breivik's attempt to present a coherent story, although one that shifts between different, sometimes competing, characters and narrative tones. He relies heavily on the narratives of an anti-Islamic or 'counter-jihadist' social movement, mainly present on the internet, but he makes creative adjustments. Some studies emphasize that narratives are unified, others that they are fragmented. Similarly, some emphasize the strategic and others the structural aspects of story-telling. This article further develops a theoretical framework of narrative criminology. The main argument is that offenders' stories need to be analysed as agency conditioned by culture and context. Such stories must also be understood as attempts at coherency and unity, drawing on a wide variety of cultural narratives and discourses. It is suggested that researchers can benefit from further reflecting on the diversity of ways in which self-narratives are analysed and understood. In line with narrative criminology, it is suggested that when narrative and crime are closely connected, their study gets to the core of the complex causes of crime.
The article focuses on some of the unprecedented forms of judicial practices that emerged during the trial of Anders Behring Breivik in Oslo City Court in Norway after the terror attacks perpetrated ...on July 22 2011. Embracing an interpretive point of view mainly inspired by the philosopher Ernst Cassirer, the article sheds light on various performative practices and shows how they contribute to giving the catastrophic event a specific form. In this perspective the law can be framed as a process through which the distinction between the lawful and the unlawful gradually is established and recognized by the parties involved.
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