Playing underground Bottoms, Stephen J; Bottoms, Stephen J
2004., 20091110, 2004, 2006., c2004.
eBook
Playing Underground is the first comprehensive history of off-off-Broadway, a theater whose legacy is still felt today. Off-off Broadway was the launching pad for many leading contemporary theater ...artists, including Sam Shepard, Maria Irene Fornes, and others, and it was a pivotal influence on improv comedy and shows like Saturday Night Live. Groups such as the Living Theatre, La Mama, and Caffe Cino captured the spirit of nontraditional theater with their edgy, unscripted, boundary-crossing subjects. Yet, as Bottoms discovers, there is no one set of truths about off-off Broadway to uncover; the entire scene was always more a matter of competing perceptions than a singular, concrete reality. Through interviews with dozens of the era's leading playwrights, performers, directors, and critics, Bottoms unearths a countercultural theater movement that was both influential and transforming—yet ephemeral and quintessentially of its moment.
We consider the production of Formula omitted and Formula omitted mesons originating from the decays of b-flavored hadrons at the LHC using the Formula omitted-factorization approach. Our analysis ...covers both inclusive charmonia production and production of Formula omitted mesons in association with Z bosons. We apply the transverse momentum dependent (or unintegrated) gluon density in a proton derived from Catani-Ciafaloni-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) evolution equation and adopt fragmentation functions based on the non-relativistic QCD factorization to describe the inclusive b-hadron decays into the different charmonium states. Our predictions agree well with latest experimental data taken by the CMS, ATLAS and LHCb Collaborations at Formula omitted, 8 and 13 TeV. The contributions from double parton scattering to the associated non-prompt Formula omitted production are estimated and found to be small.
The in vitro cultures of Rindera graeca, a rare endemic plant, were developed as a sustainable source of phenolic acids. Various shoot and root cultures were established and scaled up in a sprinkle ...bioreactor. A multiplication rate of 7.2 shoots per explant was achieved. HPLC–PDA–ESI–HRMS analysis revealed the presence of rosmarinic acid (RA) and lithospermic acid B (LAB) as the main secondary metabolites in both the shoot and root cultures. The maximum RA (30.0 ± 3.2 mg/g DW) and LAB (49.3 ± 15.5 mg/g DW) yields were determined in root-regenerated shoots. The strongest free radical scavenging activity (87.4 ± 1.1%), according to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate assay, was noted for roots cultivated in a DCR medium. The highest reducing power (2.3 µM ± 0.4 TE/g DW), determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, was noted for shoots cultivated on an SH medium containing 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine. A genetic analysis performed using random amplified polymorphic DNA and start codon targeted markers revealed genetic variation of 62.8% to 96.5% among the investigated shoots and roots. This variability reflects the capacity of cultivated shoots and roots to produce phenolic compounds.
We study glueball production in gluonic penguin decay , using the next-to-leading order Formula omitted gluonic penguin interaction and effective couplings of a glueball to two perturbative gluons. ...Subsequent decays of a scalar glueball are described by using techniques of effective chiral Lagrangians to incorporate the interaction between a glueball and pseudoscalar mesons. Mixing effects between the pure glueball with other mesons are considered. Identifying the as a scalar glueball, we find that both the top and the charm penguin are important and obtain a sizable branching ratio for of order , where the effective coupling strength Formula omitted is estimated to be GeV using experimental data for the branching ratio of based on a chiral Lagrangian estimate. An alternative perturbative QCD based estimation of is a factor of 20 larger, which would imply a much enhanced branching ratio. Glueball production from this rare semi-inclusive decay can be probed at the LHCb and Belle II to narrow down the allowed parameter space. A similar branching ratio is expected for the pseudoscalar glueball. We also briefly comment on the case of vector and tensor glueballs.
Red microalga Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) Drew is a well-known object of biotechnology due to its unique ability to synthesize a wide range of biologically active compounds. Enough minerals in an ...accessible form in a medium are a prerequisite for maintaining a high growth rate of P. purpureum. Carbon is the main element of microalgal biomass and is a component of all organic compounds. The work aimed to study the morphological features of cells and the accumulation and production of B-phycoerythrin and total protein in P. purpureum biomass in different ways of supplying COsub.2 into the culture. In Variant 1, COsub.2 was directly injected into a gas-air mixture (2-3 percent v/v) used for culture bubbling via capillary. In Variant 2, the air was supplied to the culture through the aquarium sparger. Variant 3 was like the first one but without the additional introduction of carbon dioxide. The application of the method for sparging atmospheric air led to a significant increase in both the productivity of the P. purpureum and the rate of protein and B-phycoerythrin synthesis in comparison with growing it using the air without spraying (two-and-a-half times, five times, and more than eight times, respectively). Moreover, there were significant changes in the morphological structure of P. purpureum cells, which were visualized both by microscopy and by changes in the color of the culture. Based on the experimental data obtained, the variants for the carbon supply experiment were ranked as follows: Variant 1 is better than Variant 2 and Variant 3. The use of atomization as a technological method made it possible to speed up the transfer of carbon dioxide from the air to the medium, which helped to keep the growth rate of P. purpureum biomass and B-phycoerythrin accumulation high.
Background
One of the cornerstone adjunctive properties for delivering an antimicrobial agent in nonsurgical periodontal therapy is to achieve sufficient concentration and proper durability. This ...study was conducted to evaluate and to compare the effect of spirulina gel versus spirulina nanogel clinically and immunologically in the nonsurgical treatment of stage II, grade B periodontitis.
Methods
30 patients with a diagnosis of (stage II, grade B periodontitis) were randomly selected and divided into three groups, 10 patients in each group. Group (A) received scaling and root planing SRP with placebo gel 'methyl cellulose', group (B) received SRP with spirulina gel, and group (C) received SRP with spirulina nanogel. All the patients received one session full mouth SRP and immediate placement of the gel followed by frequent application after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The following clinical parameters: bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline (before treatment), 3 and 6 months. Also, immunological assessment of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done.
Results
There was statistically significant clinical improvement in favor to group B and C at all-time intervals follow-up periods when compared with group A where (P < 0.05). The immunological assessment showed statistically significant difference in group B and C when compared with group A at 6 months.
Conclusion
Adjunctive application of spirulina gel or spirulina nanogel to conventional mechanical therapy improved the clinical and immunological parameters over the traditional treatment alone. However, the strategy of spirulina nanogel may represents a promising natural product as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis.
This book offers a series of essays that show the integrated role that musical structure (including harmony, melody, rhythm, meter, form, and musical association) plays in making sense of what ...transpires onstage in musicals. Written by a group of music analysts who care deeply about musical theater, this collection provides new understanding of how musicals are put together, how composers and lyricists structure words and music to complement one another, and how music helps us understand the human relationships and historical and social contexts. Using a wide range of musical examples, representing the history of musical theater from the 1920s to the present day, the book explores how music interacts with dramatic elements within individual shows and other pieces within and outside of the genre. These essays invite readers to consider issues that are fundamental both to our understanding of musical theater and to the multiple ways we engage with music.
Theater shows routinely turn over actors in lead roles. Otherwise, the show stays the same, including the director, the script, other actors and, the physical theater environment. Even the lines ...performed do not change the set. Therefore, the theater provides a unique laboratory for assessing the value of human capital to an enterprise, a question that has been studied in other contexts, including the CEO value literature. We compare revenues, capacity, and ticket prices just before and just after transitions of top cast members. We also characterize the performers in various ways and control for the attributes of the show and for team characteristics. We find that decorated theater stars significantly affect the financial success of theater shows, supporting the MacDonald version of the superstar hypothesis. Movie stars and celebrities do not seem to affect ticket prices or show revenues. Teams and seasonal effects seem to matter as well.
This paper was accepted by Renee Adams, finance.
We study open bbar.b production at large rapidity at the LHC in an attempt to pin down the gluon distribution at very low x. For the LHC energy of 7 TeV, at next-to-leading order (NLO), there is a ...large factorization scale uncertainty. We show that the uncertainty can be greatly reduced if events are selected in which the transverse momenta of the two B -mesons balance each other to some accuracy, that is absolute value of p.sub.1T + p.sub.2T < k.sub.0. This will fix the scale μ.sub.f ≍ k.sub.0, and will allow the LHCb experiment, in particular, to study the x-behaviour of gluon distribution down to x ~ 10.sup.-5, at rather low scales, μ ~ 2 GeV. We evaluate the expected cross sections using, for illustrative purposes, various recent sets of Parton Distribution Functions.
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