Aleksander Petrino (1824-99) was the only Austrian government minister who came from its eastern-most 'crown-land', the Bukovina - the only one without a clear-cut ethnic majority. Ukrainians were ...the biggest group but were massively under-represented among the elites. A sizeable part of the leadership of the Rumanians consisted of Phanariot Greeks, such as Petrino. Austrian politics in the opening phase of constitutionalism during the 1860s was characterized by a cleavage between centralist German Liberals and federalist and Catholic Slavs. Bukovina representatives did not easily fit into either category. Petrino, who also worked assiduously as a lobbyist for railroad companies, initially sided with the German Liberals, then organized a gathering of minorities from different parts of the Austrian half of the Empire, including Italians and Slovenes. It was the decision of this squadrone volante to join the Czech and Polish boycott of the Vienna Parliament in March 1870 that persuaded the Emperor to finally dismiss the German Liberal Bürgerministerium ('Citizens' Ministry').
The article is based on dialectal material, collected from Bukovinian highlanders according to the guidelines published in the All-Carpathian Dialect Atlas, in which a considerable role is played by ...Ukrainian vocabulary. The latter has been divided into two groups: 1) natively Ukrainian words; and 2) words that are borrowings in Ukrainian, and that have become part of the Bukovinian highlanders’ lexicon presumably via Ukrainian. Noteworthy in the first group (Ukrainian borrowings) are the words commonly used in all six studied villages. The Ukrainian lexemes used in four or five of the villages either: a)while having a Slavic origin, are also known in Romanian; or b) are words of Proto-Slavic origin. Finally, borrowings appearing in one, two or three villages can probably be explained by the influence of the state language on the dispersed highlander population. In the second group of borrowings, i.e., farther borrowings in Ukrainian, the most frequent of subgroups are Hungarian borrowings into Romanian and Ukrainian. Another subgroup are Latin borrowings, which must have been passed to Ukrainian through Romanian, as well as direct or indirect borrowings from Turkish. The material also features borrowings from Romanian, German via Polish, and French. Ukrainian borrowings in the Polish dialect of Bukovinian highlanders are a difficult interpretational and classificatory problem. The question of whether the highlanders borrowed these words from Ukrainian or Romanian cannot be answered unambiguously, especially since between 1918 and 1944 Bukovina was a part of Romania and Romanian was the language of education, official communication etc. Similarly, we do not know if the words originating from Romanian have been borrowed directly from this language or via Ukrainian. The same can be applied to Hungarian and German. The presented material can thus only be treated as one part of the vocabulary of the Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect.
The COVID-19 outbreak which pushed the public actors to seek out customized solutions adjusted for local development. The present paper investigates the role played by the public administration in ...rebuilding and supporting the tourist sector in Bukovina which has been severely affected by the restrictions imposed by pandemic. The study used a mixed research method: quantitative analysis (applied questionnaires) and qualitative research (interviews). Although the local administration has a limited jurisdiction of the te rritorial-administrative units, the current sanitary crisis along with the economic one have started to affect territories and populations more and more extended, which pushed the public actors to seek out customized solutions adjusted for local development. The results show that the types of governance applied by the county and local administration will have a decisive impact upon the recovery of the tourism sector.
The subject of the borderland, especially in the post-war years, is one of the key problems faced by the political elite. National minorities on both sides of the border are an additional difficulty ...in resolving possible issues. A problem of great political importance after the First World War was the nationality of Eastern Galicia and Bukovina – territories historically belonging to Poland and Romania. An attempt to discuss this issue has been made in this article.
Keywords: border, state, Galicia, Bukovina, Chernivtsi.
Abstract
The first Conference for the Yiddish Language of 1908 was a highly significant event in the history of Yiddish language and culture, which became known in the literature as the Czernowitz ...Language Conference Yidd. „di konferents far der yidisher shprakh“. This conference was held in the city of Czernowitz from August 30 to September 3 and united prominent representatives of the worldwide Yiddish movement and, thus, triggered a significant impulse to the development of an energetic Yiddish-speaking constellation. The conference manifested awareness of the importance of Yiddish language and culture as a breeding ground for the survival of traditional “(Eastern) Jewish” values. Within this framework the debates regarding the cultivation of the Yiddish language have been intensified through reflective and resolute actions with the aim of releasing it from the stigma of jargon.
Background. In Bukovina, depending on climatic and geographical zones, there is a mild and moderate degree of iodine deficiency. Assessment of urinary inorganic iodine excretion allows monitoring of ...the epidemiological situation regarding the severity of iodine deficiency in the region. The purpose was to assess the indicators of ioduria in prepubertal children living in the Northern Bukovina (Chernivtsi region). Materials and methods. As part of a 20-cluster analysis of the prevalence of goiter among the pediatric population of Chernivtsi region, 1,973 children aged 7 to 12 years were examined and the concentration of inorganic iodine in a single portion of urine was determined in 197 children. The obtained results were processed by the method of statistical variation and correlation analysis. Results. Manual palpation examination showed a significant incidence of goiter among children in Bukovina — 17.6 %. Thyromegaly among children of the reference group occurred in 15.1 % of cases. The median ioduria in the examined population is generally 60.4 μg/l. The average prevalence of iodine deficiency was 59.70 ± 1.82 %, the incidence of severe iodine deficiency did not exceed 5.22 ± 1.30 %. Analyzing the degree of iodine supply of children depending on the geographical areas of residence, we conclude that children living in the plains and children from Chernivtsi have mild iodine deficiency (median ioduria is 72.2 and 70.4 μg/l, respectively), and children from mountainous areas — moderate iodine deficiency (median ioduria is 42.9 μg/l). The average prevalence of iodine deficiency was 59.70 ± 1.82 %, and excessive iodine in the urine — 18.70 ± 2.49 %. Moreover, the incidence of severe iodine deficiency did not exceed 5.22 ± 1.30 %. Conclusions. In most children living in Northern Bukovina, the median ioduria is reduced. In 18.7 % of children, the iodine content is more than 300 μg/l, which requires further monitoring.
Der Aufsatz untersucht den Zusammenhang von Raum, Umwelt und Krieg am Beispiel der wiederholten Besetzungen (Ost-)Galiziens durch russische Truppen im Ersten Weltkrieg. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ...dabei das spannungsvolle Verhältnis zwischen den Bemühungen, die eroberte Region in das Zarenreich zu integrieren, und zugleich den militärischen Notwendigkeiten des Kriegsgeschehens Rechnung zu tragen. Dabei wurde die Umwelt unter den Bedingungen des industriellen Kriegs zwangsläufig militarisiert: Man holzte die Wälder ab und überflutete die Flusstäler aus operativen Überlegungen heraus; dazu kam die Verseuchung der Böden durch Kampfstoffe, Leichen und Kadaver. Die Angst vor Epidemien führte rasch zu einer Medikalisierung des Okkupationsregimes; dabei blieb eine Radikalisierung der Besatzungspraxis bis zu einer Politik der verbrannten Erde nicht aus.
Book review: Constantin Ungureanu, Școlile secundare din Bucovina (1808-1918) Secondary Schools in Bukovina (1808-1918), Chișinău, Tipografia Centrală, 2016, 304 p.
This article examines how the socio-economic conditions in Bukovyna influenced the formation and development of the railway network in the region. It explores whether these processes aligned with the ...global trends of the time. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, memoirs, and archival materials, it was found that the topic of the formation and functioning of the railway network in Bukovyna had not been systematically studied. It was revealed that the Austrian authorities, by turning Bukovyna into an internal colony of the Habsburg Empire, kept the region in the position of a raw material appendage and a market for the industry of the empire's central provinces. The tariff, customs, credit, and tax systems introduced by the imperial government supported this process, acting in the interests of Austro-Hungarian capital. The development of the railway network was aimed at ensuring the economic interests of the empire, which affected the socio-economic development of Bukovyna. In particular, the construction of railways improved the transport infrastructure, leading to increased trade and higher volumes of raw material and goods transportation. However, this development had a dual nature. On one hand, it promoted economic growth and modernization of the region, but on the other hand, it intensified Bukovyna's dependence on the central provinces of the empire, limiting its economic autonomy and the development of local industry. The article also analyzes the impact of railway construction on the social aspects of life in Bukovyna. The railway became an important factor in migration, contributing to urbanization and the growth of the working class. However, at the same time, social tensions increased due to the unequal distribution of economic benefits and the intensification of local population exploitation. The conclusions of the article emphasize the need for further research to fully understand the impact of railway development on Bukovyna in the context of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and to compare these processes with similar developments in other parts of the world.
Objective. The goal of research was to study publications containing researches and studies related to the topic of Bukovina using the bibliometric analysis. Methods. Materials on the regional topic ...published within the period 1970 – 2018 were obtained from the Web of Science database (as of May 15, 2019). The obtained records were analyzed for citation characteristic, including the distribution of publications over languages, countries, journals and authors. The selection by keywords: (bukovina) OR (bucovina) OR (bukowina) OR (bukovyna) identified 304 materials published in different publications. For the period from 2008 until 2019 there has been observed the significant increase of materials published on this issue. Results. The analysis of the most citable publications allows to distinguish three clusters of research topics: geology, environment and natural resources of the region; ethnic studies; the Holocaust and acts of force during the World War II. Conclusions. This study provides the systematic review of productivity and clearness of the Bukovina’s studies and can be used for organization and identification of priorities for further regional studies