The smear effect caused by light penetration of interline-transfer (IT) CCD in beam quality measurement (BQM) is detrimental and not analyzed pertinently. This report proposes a mathematical model ...and a correction method for the smeared image. The smear noise is fitted and subtracted through its correlation with the light signal obtained from the model and pre-calibration. The application in BQM is presented by measuring beam quality factor M 2 and power in the bucket (PIB). The results verify the validity of the method. An evaluation standard of the correction effect is also recommended.
In this paper, an automatic tracking strategy based on a CCD image sensor is proposed to achieve the real-time tracking of embryonic cells with the MR-6 micromanipulator. The optical characteristics ...of the micro-vision sensor are systematically studied. Dark field is formed by the optical microscope imaging principle under the low rate objective lens. The global information of the embryo cells is tracked automatically using the improved Hungarian algorithm, so that the motion parameters of the batch of embryo cells and the interested area can be obtained. Then, the detailed information of the interested area is obtained in the bright field using the automatic conversation device. In addition, the feasibility of the algorithm is further verified by automatic experimental research.
This paper describes the design and performance of two new high-resolution interline charge-coupled device image sensors for use in industrial, machine vision, and aerial photography applications. ...These sensors feature 4.5-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu \text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula> pixels, 4 outputs, fast dump gate, horizontal lateral overflow drain, and vertical electronic shutter. The 43-Mp sensor has a 35-mm optical format and the 50-Mp sensor has a larger format with a 2.175:1 aspect ratio that matches many modern mobile phone displays. This paper discusses the challenges and solutions to manufacture such large sensors with superior image quality such as uniformity, read noise, dark current, smear, transfer gate blooming, lag, and so on.
Parameter estimation of Poisson-Gaussian signal-dependent random noise in the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor/charge-coupled device image sensor is a significant step in eliminating noise. ...The existing estimation algorithms, which are based on finding homogeneous regions, acquire the pair of the variances of noise and the intensities of every homogeneous region to fit the linear or piecewise linear curve and ascertain the noise parameters accordingly. In contrast to the existing algorithms, in this study, the Poisson noise samples of all homogeneous regions in every block image are pieced together to constitute a larger sample following the mixed Poisson noise distribution; then, the mean and variance of the mixed Poisson noise sample are deduced. Next, the mapping function among the noise parameters to be estimated-variance of Poisson-Gaussian noise and that of Gaussian noise corresponding to the stitched region in every block image-is constructed. Finally, the unbiased estimations of noise parameters are calculated from the mapping functions of all the image blocks. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can obtain lower mean absolute error values of estimated noise parameters than the conventional ones.
The dynamic performance test of a hard disk head is the most effective method of evaluating hard disk performance, but it must be conducted in a dust- and electrostatic discharge (ESD)-free ...environment. With the rapid development of perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) technology, the flying height of a magnetic head is reduced from 18 nm to less than 2 nm, which makes the testing conditions increasingly demanding, and the traditional way of manual testing by an operator cannot match the requirement of production testing. To meet the technical requirement of the dynamic performance test of a hard disk head, an automatic test system is developed using a CCD image sensor and an Epson robot. In this system, the vision system of the robot can accomplish, in real time and accurately, the image acquisition and image processing of the object in the magnetic head testing process and calculate the actual position of the object after hand–eye calibration. Visual guidance is provided to the robot to grasp and place the target accurately, and related sensors provide various state data during the system operation. Thus, the difficult problem in the development process from manual operation to robot automation in the dynamic performance test of a magnetic head is successfully solved. The results show that the consumption of test materials is considerably reduced, and the test precision and efficiency are markedly improved.
A 47-million-pixel (47Mp) interline charge-coupleddevice (CCD) image sensor, the world's highest resolution interline-transfer CCD, has been developed for industrial, machine vision, and aerial ...photography applications. The sensor features a 5.5-μm pixel, 16-output low-noise amplifier and a lowsmear, fast-dump gate, horizontal lateral overflow drain, and ON-chip temperature sensor. One challenge to manufacture this large sensor is stitching the sensor with different lithography tools, while still achieving equal or better image performance than its predecessor.
Very Low Dark Current CCD Image Sensor Bogaart, E.W.; Hoekstra, W.; Peters, I.M. ...
IEEE transactions on electron devices,
11/2009, Letnik:
56, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Very low dark current in charge-coupled-device image sensors is established by means of multipinned phase combined with vertical antiblooming, so-called all-gates pinning. Hereby, dark-current ...generation at the surface and diffusion from the bulk are suppressed. Using a conventional 6 times 6 mum 2 image pixel with an additional n-type implant, a dark-current level of 1.5 pA/cm 2 is obtained at 60degC without loss of optical performance. This means that the pixel dark current is reduced by a factor 80.
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