A growing line of research has highlighted that e‐technologies may play a promising role in improving breastfeeding outcomes. The objective of this review was to synthesise the best of available ...evidence by conducting a meta‐analysis to evaluate whether e‐technologies have had any effect in improving breastfeeding outcomes among perinatal women. The review was conducted using nine electronic databases to search for English‐language research studies from 2007 to 2014. A ‘risk of bias’ table was used to assess methodological quality. Meta‐analysis was performed with the RevMan software. The Q test and I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity. The test of overall effect was assessed using z‐statistics at P < 0.05. Of 1842 studies identified through electronic searches and reference lists, 16 experimental studies were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Half of the selected studies had a low risk of bias, from which a total of 5505 women in six countries in these studies were included. Meta‐analyses revealed that e‐technologies significantly improved exclusive breastfeeding initiation (z = 6.90, P < 0.00001), exclusive breastfeeding at 4 weeks (z = 2.12, P = 0.03) and 6 months (z = 3.2, P = 0.001), breastfeeding attitude (z = 3.01, P = 0.003) and breastfeeding knowledge (z = 4.54, P = < 0.00001) in subgroup analyses. This review provides support for the development of web‐based, texting messaging, compact disc read‐only memory, electronic prompts and interactive computer agent interventions for promoting and supporting breastfeeding.
Many researchers have explored the use of active bearings, such as non-contact Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB), to control imbalance vibration in rotor systems. Meanwhile, the advantages of a passive ...Auto-balancer device (ABD) eliminating the imbalance effect of rotor without using other active means have been recently studied. This paper develops a new hybrid imbalance vibration control approach for an ABD-rotor system supported by a normal passive bearing in augmented with an AMB to enhance the balancing and vibration isolation capabilities. Essentially, an ABD consists of several freely moving eccentric balancing masses mounted on the rotor, which, at supercritical operating speeds, act to cancel the rotor's imbalance at steady-state. However, due to the inherent nonlinearity of the ABD, the potential for other, non-synchronous limit-cycle behavior exists resulting in increased rotor vibration. To address this, the algorithm of proposed hybrid control is designed to guarantee globally asymptotic stability of the synchronous balanced condition. This algorithm also incorporates with a “Luenberger-like” observer that continuously estimates the states of a balancer ball circulating around within ABD. In particular, it is shown that the balanced equilibrium can be made globally attractive under the hybrid control strategy, and that the control power levels of AMB are significantly reduced via the addition of the ABD because the control is designed such that it is only switched on for the abnormal operation of ABD and will be disengaged otherwise. Moreover, unlike other imbalance vibration control applications based upon ABD such as rotor speed regulator 21,22, this approach enables the controller to achieve the desirable performance without altering rotor speed once the rotor initially reaches the target speed. These applications are relevant to limited power applications such as in satellite reaction wheels, flywheel energy storage batteries or CD-ROM application.
The effect of reading an electronic storybook (e-book) on Israeli children’s language and literacy was examined in kindergarten children (N=40; age 5:2–6:3) compared to first graders (N=50; age ...6:3–7:4). The children in each age group were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group which read the e-book five times and a control group which was afforded the regular school program. Pre- and post-tests included vocabulary and word reading measures. Post-tests included story comprehension and production. Children who read the e-book exhibited significant progress in word meaning and word reading compared to the control group. Kindergarten children progressed in word reading more significantly than first graders across treatment groups. This could be explained by the ceiling effect of the first graders’ word reading level which did not leave much room for progress in this skill compared to the kindergarten children. No interaction was found between age and treatment groups. Kindergarten children exhibited a good level of story comprehension, similar to first graders, although their story production was lower. Implications for future research and education are discussed.
Se analizan los resultados de una encuesta sobre los CD-ROM y su repercusión en las bibliotecas de Ciencias de la Salud. Se envió el cuestionario a 140 centros de toda España con un porcentaje de ...respuesta del 42 %. Como resultados más relevantes se destacan el incremento del préstamo interbibliotecario, el aumento en el número de usuarios, las dificultades para acceder al documento original y la falta de recursos humanos . Los CDROM no son excluyentes de los sistemas «on line» sino que se complementan.
AimTo evaluate the discharge planning process undertaken by hospital pharmacists in a paediatric hospital and to identify areas for improvement in the discharge planning process.MethodAccurate and ...timely medicines information at the point of discharge is essential for continuity of care.1 Studies have been conducted on the role of the pharmacist in the adult discharge planning process but very few studies have been conducted in paediatrics.2 Many of the medicines used for infants and children are not licensed or available readily from community pharmacies. The dosage form of paediatric medicines is usually designed for adult use and may not be “age-appropriate” for a child.3 The pharmacy department contact community pharmacies daily regarding paediatric discharge prescriptions, providing information about the discharge medicines. A few days supply of medicines are commonly dispensed as unlicensed medicines and extemporaneous ingredients are not routinely stocked in community pharmacies. The authors contacted community pharmacies for each occasion a pharmacist was involved in the medication discharge planning process during January 2013. Pharmacists were invited to participate in a telephone survey regarding the discharge information they had recevied from the pharmacy department. They were asked to rate on a 5 point Likert scale the discharge information provided to them and medicine information provided to parents/carers. They were also asked if they had to order an unlicensed medicine or make an extemporaneous preparation or if the parents/carers recevied a patient medication chart. Surveys were entered into an Excel database and analysed.ResultsForty-two community pharmacies were contacted and thirty-four pharmacists agreed to participate in the survey. The percentages of community pharmacies that were either very satisfied or satisfied with ordering details and timeliness of communication provided by the pharmacy department were 76% and 18% respectively. 82% of pharmacists were required to order an unlicensed medicine and 18% of pharmacists were requested to make an extemporaneous preparation. 44% of patients/carers received a patient medication chart. 89% of pharmacists were able to obtain a child's medicines before the supply from OLCHC ran out.ConclusionThe current discharge planning process is ensuring a high level of satisfaction amongst community pharmacies with regards to timeliness and completeness of discharge medication information. Hospital pharmacists can provide accurate and timely information to community pharmacies regarding paediatric discharge prescriptions allowing seamless transfer of patients to the community. It was identified that all patient medication charts should be sent to the community pharmacy as standard practice.
This substantially enlarged second edition aims to lead a further stage in the computational revolution in commutative algebra. This is the first handbook/tutorial to extensively deal with SINGULAR.
Abstract
Under the background of social and economic development, college enrollment expansion, constructivism learning theory and teaching technology development, A new teaching method of college ...English course is proposed and established. Compared with the traditional teaching method, this new teaching method has many advantages. In addition, its main purpose is to change the traditional single and boring classroom for teachers, make the classroom become free and active and personalized, and let students give full play to and express themselves. The operation mode of the new model is the combination of large class teaching and small class practice, classroom teaching and open independent learning, cd-ROM multimedia and network teaching, first-level classroom teaching and second-level classroom activities. The evaluation system under the new model is no longer a single summative evaluation, but a combination of summary and formation of the evaluation system. Under this new model, teachers pay more attention to the accumulation of their knowledge and the improvement of professional teaching skills, and students pay more attention to improve their learning methods and improve their learning ability.
Archieven, bibliotheken en documentatiecentra worden steeds meer geconfronteerd met digitale dragers in hun collecties, zoals CD-ROMs, diskettes en harde schijven. Om hun inhoud voor de toekomst te ...bewaren moet deze overgezet worden naar een betrouwbaar opslagsysteem. In het artikel Hoe ga ik om met digitale dragers in mijn archief in META 2013/1 kon je al lezen hoe je dit kunt aanpakken. Dit artikel licht toe hoe write blockers gebruikt kunnen worden in dit proces.
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