Summary
The CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease system is a powerful and flexible tool for genome editing, and novel applications of this system are being developed rapidly. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to target the ...FAD2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and in the closely related emerging oil seed plant, Camelina sativa, with the goal of improving seed oil composition. We successfully obtained Camelina seeds in which oleic acid content was increased from 16% to over 50% of the fatty acid composition. These increases were associated with significant decreases in the less desirable polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (i.e. a decrease from ~16% to <4%) and linolenic acid (a decrease from ~35% to <10%). These changes result in oils that are superior on multiple levels: they are healthier, more oxidatively stable and better suited for production of certain commercial chemicals, including biofuels. As expected, A. thaliana T2 and T3 generation seeds exhibiting these types of altered fatty acid profiles were homozygous for disrupted FAD2 alleles. In the allohexaploid, Camelina, guide RNAs were designed that simultaneously targeted all three homoeologous FAD2 genes. This strategy that significantly enhanced oil composition in T3 and T4 generation Camelina seeds was associated with a combination of germ‐line mutations and somatic cell mutations in FAD2 genes in each of the three Camelina subgenomes.
(L.) Crantz is an indispensable oilseed crop, and its seeds contain many unsaturated fatty acids. FAD (fatty acid desaturase) regulates the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In this research, we ...performed
gene family analysis and identified 24
genes in Camelina, which were unevenly distributed on 14 of the 19 total chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that
includes four subfamilies, supported by the conserved structures and motifs of
genes. In addition, we investigated the expression patterns of the
family in the different tissues of Camelina. We found that
family genes were all expressed in the stem, and
was highly expressed in the early stage of seed development. Moreover, during low temperature (4 °C) stress, we identified that the expression level of
significantly changed. By observing the transient expression of CsFAD2-2 in Arabidopsis protoplasts, we found that CsFAD2-2 was located on the nucleus. Through the detection and analysis of fatty acids, we prove that CsFAD2-2 is involved in the synthesis of linolenic acid (C18:3). In conclusion, we identified
through the phylogenetic analysis of the
gene family and further determined the fatty acid content to find that
is involved in fatty acid synthesis in Camelina.
► Camelina is an emerging new biofuel crop in North America. ► Camelina glucosinolates were purified by a combination of preparative reverse-phase, ion-exchange, and counter-current liquid ...chromatography. ► An optimized HPLC analytical method was used to measure glucosinolates in camelina seeds and sprouts.
Gold-of-pleasure or false flax (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) is being developed as an alternative oil crop for biodiesel and for food use. The seed meal, which contains three relatively unique glucosinolates, is being evaluated for approval for use as an ingredient in animal feeds and for other uses. The objective of this research was to develop reproducible methods for the isolation of large quantities of pure camelina glucosinolates (glucoarabin, glucocamelinin, and 11-(methylsulfinyl)-undecylglucosinolate) and develop efficient methods for quantifying these compounds. The separation and purification of the camelina glucosinolates were achieved using a combination of reverse phase chromatography, counter-current chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. An efficient reverse phase HPLC separation method was used to quantitate the glucosinolate content in camelina seed and plant extracts. The quantitation methodology was used to measure glucosinolate levels in seeds from 30 cultivars grown in a U.S. field trial and measure glucosinolates levels in sprouted camelina seeds.
Recently, the utilization and research of biodiesel has become increasingly popular due to its reduced emissions, lower cost, and potential for achieving energy independence. A promising application ...of biodiesel is in diesel engines, where it can be used as a substitute for traditional petroleum-based diesel fuel. Camelina sativa is an oil seed crop with prospective uses in biodiesel extraction due to its high crop harvest in a year, good net energy ratio, the considerable oil content in its seed, and lower oil extraction expenses. Biodiesel derived from camelina sativa L. is prepared via transesterification. In this study, the prepared biodiesel is blended with diesel at various proportions and is used in an engine to investigate its combustion performance and emission characteristics. From the results, it is evident that the CMB 20 blend (20% of camelina biodiesel and 80% of diesel) shows the better performance among all of the blends used. The brake thermal efficiency of CMB 20 is 23.45%, its specific fuel consumption is 0.355 kW/kg hr, and it also produced less emissions when compared to other blends.
Abstract
During the world energy transformation, using some vegetable oils as fuel enables the production of clean and inexpensive energy with the application of the well-known technology of the CI ...engine. The common rail (CR) fuel system gives many opportunities related to creating an air–fuel mixture and its efficient combustion. Can the system dedicated to diesel oil be used to inject vegetable oil and control its combustion effectively? This paper presents some results of the application of the injection strategy for raw Camelina sativa (CS) oil fueling. The test was conducted on the AVL single-cylinder CI engine equipped with a CR system for engine speed n = 1500 rpm and different excess air coefficients (1.1 < λ < 2.1). The engine parameters and performance obtained for raw CS oil were compared with the results obtained for diesel oil fueling for the same and slightly modified injection strategy. The experiment demonstrated how much the combustion process and its effects differ for these two fuels. In addition, several aspects related to the cultivation and use of Camelina sativa oil as a renewable energy source are presented.
This study investigates Camelina sativa, an emerging oilseed crop with potential for food, feed, and sustainable farming. Conducted at the Agroveterinary Institute, University of Batna 1 in Algeria, ...during the growing season of 2021-2022, the experiment evaluated the impact of four irrigation treatments replicates four times (T0: rainfed, T1: 100 % of crop evapotranspiration ETc, T2: 75 % ETc, and T3: 35 % ETc) using a completely randomized block design. The results revealed various effects of water deficits on Camelina yield, quality, and water use efficiency (WUE). The highest seed yield (20.77 q ha-1 ) was obtained with T1 (total water applied 287.85 mm), while the lowest (6.62 q ha1 ) was observed with T0 (151.20 mm of rainfall). The T2 treatment (total water applied 253.688 mm) led to a 14 % reduction in seed yield compared to full irrigation while achieving significant water savings of 25 %, with the highest values of irrigation water use efficiency IWUE for both grains and biomass at 1,095 and 5.24 kg m-3 , respectively. Moreover, deficit irrigation had a positive impact on seed protein content, which showed a negative correlation (r = -0.92) with oil content and water supply, highlighting the adaptability of Camelina to produce much higher quality grain under water-restricted conditions. Integrating Camelina sativa with deficit irrigation offers a sustainable agricultural strategy, optimizing water resources and promoting drought-tolerant crops. This approach improves water use efficiency, builds resilience, and adapts to areas vulnerable to climate change, addressing the critical nexus of food security and water management.
Paraburkholderia phytofirmans
PsJN is an endophytic bacterium and has been shown to promote the growth and health of many different plants. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays important roles in ...plant-bacteria interaction and tolerance to environmental stresses. However, the function of EPS in PsJN and its interaction with plants remain largely unknown. In this study, a deletion mutation of
bceQ
gene, encoding a putative flippase for the EPS biosynthesis, was introduced in the genome of PsJN. The Δ
bceQ
mutant produced a significantly lower level of EPS than the wild type strain in culture media. Compared to the wild type PsJN, the Δ
bceQ
mutant was more sensitive to desiccation, UV damage, salt (NaCl) and iron (FeCl
3
) stresses, and bacteriophage infection. More importantly, the mutation of
bceQ
decreased the endophytic colonization of PsJN in camelina (
Camelina sativa
) and pea (
Camelina sativa
) under plant drought stress conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that EPS production is required for the maximal colonization of an endophytic bacterium in the plant tissues under stress conditions.
•Sophia meal had high content of phenolics and polyphenolics compared to camelina.•Sinapic acid and quercetin-hexoside were dominant phenolics in both seeds.•Procyanidin dimers A, B1, B2 and B3 were ...identified for the first-time in both seeds.•Free radical scavenging activity of sophia meal was stronger than that of camelina.
Phenolic compounds in oilseeds occur in the free, esterified and insoluble-bound forms and serve as natural antioxidants by preventing food oxidation as well as oxidative stress and various disorders in the body. In this work, free, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolics were extracted from defatted camelina and sophia seeds. Samples were evaluated for their total contents of phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and proanthocyanidins (PC) as well as the antioxidant activity of their various phenolic fractions. Several in vitro methods, namely Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), reducing power (RP) and metal chelation activity were used for all fractions. High performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection- tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) identified 29 phenolics belonging to phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids and procyanidins in different fractions of camelina and sophia extracts. Esterified fraction was the predominant form of phenolics in both seeds. Thus, camelina and sophia seeds may serve as viable functional food ingredients with protective antioxidant potential.
Summary Camelina ( Camelina sativa L.), a hexaploid member of the Brassicaceae family, is an emerging oilseed crop being developed to meet the increasing demand for plant oils as biofuel feedstocks. ...In other Brassicas, high oil content can be associated with a yellow seed phenotype, which is unknown for camelina. We sought to create yellow seed camelina using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to disrupt its Transparent Testa 8 (TT8) transcription factor genes and to evaluate the resulting seed phenotype. We identified three TT8 genes, one in each of the three camelina subgenomes, and obtained independent CsTT8 lines containing frameshift edits. Disruption of TT8 caused seed coat colour to change from brown to yellow reflecting their reduced flavonoid accumulation of up to 44%, and the loss of a well‐organized seed coat mucilage layer. Transcriptomic analysis of CsTT8 ‐edited seeds revealed significantly increased expression of the lipid‐related transcription factors LEC1 , LEC2 , FUS3 , and WRI1 and their downstream fatty acid synthesis‐related targets. These changes caused metabolic remodelling with increased fatty acid synthesis rates and corresponding increases in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation from 32.4% to as high as 38.0% of seed weight, and TAG yield by more than 21% without significant changes in starch or protein levels compared to parental line. These data highlight the effectiveness of CRISPR in creating novel enhanced‐oil germplasm in camelina. The resulting lines may directly contribute to future net‐zero carbon energy production or be combined with other traits to produce desired lipid‐derived bioproducts at high yields.
Acetyl‐TAG are unusually structured triacylglycerols (TAG) that possess an acetate group at their sn‐3 position. Acetyl‐TAG have different physical properties compared to regular TAG, including lower ...viscosity and improved cold temperature properties, making acetyl‐TAG useful for different applications, including as a diesel replacement. These unusual TAG molecules can be synthesized in the seeds of transgenic plants through the expression of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DAcT) enzymes isolated from different Euonymus species. In this study, the kinematic viscosity as well as the crystallization and melting behavior of blends of acetyl‐TAG and regular TAG were examined to define goals for acetyl‐TAG synthesis in transgenic plants. Even small amounts of regular TAG when blended with acetyl‐TAG had a disproportionate effect on the viscosity of mixture. This effect of regular TAG in increasing kinematic viscosity was more pronounced at lower temperatures. Under slow cooling conditions, the two different TAGs and their blends possessed two main crystallization events with different degree of separation of the thermal transition, and the lower crystallization temperature decreased with increasing amounts of acetyl‐TAG in the blend. At higher cooling rates, one broad and tailed crystallization peak was observed. Heating thermograms indicate similar polymorphic behavior of the blends and a general peak shift to lower transition range with increasing acetyl‐TAG compared to the two pure lipids. This information about the viscosity and thermal properties of blends of TAG and acetyl‐TAG will provide useful targets for engineering higher levels of acetyl‐TAG in transgenic seeds.
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