This paper examines the centuries-long history of the castle Kamenica, situated above the identically named settlement in the Croatian Zagorje region, not far from Lepoglava. It was first mentioned ...in writing in 1311. It was built in the second half of the 13th century at the latest, by an unknown Zagorje noble, as a fortified residence and centre of the identically named estate. Between 1399 and 1405, Kamenica became the property of Herman II of Celje, whose descendants held it until 1456. Although no source directly mentions the fall of Kamenica, it likely happened during the war for the Celje succession, and the castle was first mentioned as a ruin in 1459, when King Matthias Corvinus donated it to John Vitovac. During the time it was under the Vitovacs (1459–88), Kamenica was permanently abandoned, and its holdings were combined with the neighbouring Trakošćan estate into the joint Trakošćan-Kamenica estate, which was formally seated in Trakošćan, but factually in the fortified manor Klenovnik. The existing, meagre architectural elements suggest Kamenica was a small castle
(castrum)
dating from the second half of the 13th century. It consisted of a trapezoidal core at the top of a steep, conical eminence, formed of a walled, fortified house with a smallish courtyard protected by a wooden palisade, and a fortified, circular suburb, raised around the core with a combination of wooden palisades and earthen ramparts.
U radu se razmatra višestoljetna povijest tvrdoga grada Kamenice iznad istoimenoga naselja u Hrvatskom zagorju nedaleko od Lepoglave. U dokumentima se prvi put spominje 1311. Nju je najkasnije tijekom druge polovice XIII. st. izgradio nepoznati zagorski plemić kao utvrđenu rezidenciju i sjedište istoimenoga posjeda. Između 1399. i 1405. Kamenica je prešla u posjed Hermana II. Celjskog, čiji su potomci njome gospodarili sve do 1456. Iako nam vrela izravno ne svjedoče o propasti Kamenice, ona je vrlo vjerojatno stradala u ratu za celjsku baštinu prije 1459., kada se prvi put spominje kao srušena utvrda. Tada ju je kao ruševinu kralj Matija Korvin darovao Janu Vitovcu. Za vladavine Vitovaca (1459–88) Kamenica je zauvijek napuštena, a njezini posjedi sjedinjeni su sa susjednim trakošćanskim posjedima u jedinstveno Trakošćansko-kameničko vlastelinstvo s formalnim sjedištem u Trakošćanu, a stvarnim u utvrđenom dvorcu Klenovniku. Postojeći skromni arhitektonski elementi prikazuju nam Kamenicu kao manji tvrdi grad (castrum) iz druge polovice XIII. st. Sastojao se od jezgre trapezoidnoga tlocrta na vrhu strma stožastoga uzvišenja, koju je činio zidani utvrđeni palas s manjim dvorištem, utvrđenim drvenim bedemom (palisadom), te utvrđenog predgrađa kružnoga tlocrta, podignutoga oko jezgre kombinacijom drvenih bedema (palisada) i zemljanih nasipa.
V članku so predstavljene redovne in umetnostne povezave kartuzij na Slovenskem s kartuzijo Gaming. Raziskava je pokazala, da je do okrog leta 1500 potekala relativno pogosta izmenjava priorjev in ...menihov med Gamingom in slovenskimi kartuzijami. V večini primerov je šlo za prihode menihov iz Gaminga v slovenske kartuzije, redkejši pa so bili odhodi iz slovenskih kartuzij v Gaming. Tudi umetnostnozgodovinska primerjalna in slogovna analiza sta razkrili več doslej še neopaženih povezav. Povezavo razkrivajo tudi posamezni ujemajoči se kamnoseški znaki. V slovenskih kartuzijah izstopa umetnostno naročništvo grofov Celjskih. Ti bi se pri likovni reprezentaciji lahko zgledovali prav po načinih, ki so se jih z namenom memorie v Gamingu posluževali Habsburžani.
V prispevku je raziskano, ali je mogoče prepoznati medsebojne vplive in zglede v kartuzijanski politiki Habsburžanov in grofov Celjskih. Da bi našli odgovor na to vprašanje, so bile pregledane ...listine, ki izpričujejo hkratno povezavo med kartuzijani, Habsburžani in Celjani. Ugotovljena je bila tesna prepletenost, ki se kaže tudi na ume- tnostnem področju. Najbolj reprezentativen umetnostni spomenik te povezanosti je strešni stolpič kartuzije Jurklošter, ki je v članku na novo časovno umeščen, in sicer v sredino 14. stoletja. Kartuzijanska politika grofov Celjskih, ki so imeli svoj sedež na južnem Štajerskem v bližini kartuzij Žiče in Jurklošter, in tesni medsebojni kontakti so bili zagotovo ena od najpomembnejših vzpodbud za Habsburžane pri njihovi odločitvi za naselitev kartuzijanov v okolici Dunaja in v Spodnji Avstriji in za pokop v kartuzijanskih cerkvah.
Grofje Celjski so bili nedvomno najpomembnejša ple- miška rodbina z izvorom na današnjem slovenskem ozemlju. Njihov meteorski vzpon je dosegel zenit s povišanjem v državne kneze leta 1436, ...vendar so že leta 1456 izumrli. Na višku moči so posedovali okrog 125 gradov, kar je bil rezultat več kot stoletja dolge načrtne grajske politike. Eden od načinov izražanja moči in prestiža so bile tudi reprezentativne zgradbe, obenem oblika dinastične propagande. Članek prikazuje nekatere prestižne zgradbe Celjskih: mestni grad v Celju, njihovo glavno rezidenco, dva strateška gradova na dostopih iz Italije (Vipava, Postojna), tri nove, ki so jih grofje zgradili v 15. stoletju (Bela Peč, Fridrihštajn, Mokrice), dva na prestižnih lokacijah na Koroškem (Landskron) oziroma pri Dunaju (Liechtenstein) in njihove mestne rezidence na Dunaju, v Zagrebu, Budimu in Beogradu.
Sveta Ema Krška i Trakošćan Vrkić Žura, Slavica
Kaj,
12/2019, Letnik:
52, Številka:
5-6
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
Car Heinrich II. darovao je u Bambergu dana 16. travnja 1015. godine savinjskom grofu Wilhelmu, starijem sinu svoje nećakinje, koruške kneginje Eme od Friesacha i Zeltschacha, vilu Trakošćan i 30 ...kraljevskih seoskih gazdinstava te sve što on, car, posjeduje na području Wilhelmove markgrofovije između rijeka Save, Savinje, Sutle i Mirne. Wilhelmova majka Ema rođena je 983. godine na dvorcu Peilenstein (slov. Pilštanj) od oca Elgelberta von Peilensteina i majke Tute. Odrasla je na dvorcu cara (sv.) Heinricha II. i njegove žene (sv.) Kunigunde. Udala se za Wilhelma II. od Friesacha, Zeltschacha i Truxena. Nakon pogibije obojice sinova (1030.) i smrti supruga (1036.) osnovala je veliki broj crkava, podigla ženski benediktinski samostan u Gurku (Krško) te omogućila osnivanje krške biskupije. Veliki dio svojih posjeda poklonila je salzburškom biskupu Baldwinu u svrhu osnivanja benediktinskog samostana u Admontu. Pokopana je u novoj kripti krške katedrale 1174., beatificirana 1287., a kanonizirana 1938. god., iako je proces proglašenja sveticom počeo već sredinom 15. stoljeća. Među dvorcima koje je poklonila krškoj biskupiji nije naveden Trakošćan. Umrla je na Dan sv. Petra i Pavla 29.lipnja, ali joj se blagdan slavi dva dana ranije, 27.lipnja. Zaštitnica je trudnica, slijepih i nepokretnih osoba. Atributi su joj ruža i katedrala, a ponegdje i povelja koju drži u rukama. Svojom sveticom smatraju je Slovenci, Austrijanci i Nijemci. Nakon smrti njezinog supruga Wilhelma II. savinjski markgrof postaje Emin rođak grof Askuin Plain. Njega nasljeđuje sin Starhand I., a Starhanda I. sin Starhand II. koji je imao braću Ulrika, Weriganda i Bernarda. Starhand II. u ratnom pohodu gubi svoju markgrofoviju, a dobiva je Pilgrim Hohenwart. Njegov sin Ginter kratko vrijeme vlada savinjskom markgrofovijom, da bi je ponovo preuzeo Pilgrim. Nakon Pilgrimove smrti car Konrad III. tu markgrofoviju 1149. predaje Otokaru I. Štajerskom. Tim činom je Celje zvanično sjedinjeno sa Štajerskom. Godine 1341. u Münchenu car Ludwig IV. imenuje Miroslava Friedricha Savinjskog prvim celjskim grofom. Celjski grofovi će vladati ukupno 115 godina. Nakon pogibije posljednjeg celjskog grofa Ulrika II. 1456. god. posjedi celjskih grofova se dijele. Češki plemić Jan Vitovec postaje kapetan celjske grofovije. 1459. od cara dobiva Krapinu, a godinu dana kasnije i Zagorsku grofoviju. Udovici Ulrika II. Katarini car namjenjuje, među ostalim, i nekoliko hrvatskih mjesta, dok je ostatak „mjesta, trgova i gradova“ koji su bili u vlasništvu celjskih grofova, a nalazili se na području Hrvatske, vraćen hrvatskoj kruni. Među njima je naveden i Trakošćan (Trakenstein).
Emperor Henry II Heinrich II gave away Villa Trakoscan and 30
royal estates to Count William Wilhelm of Savinja, older son of his niece,
the Carinthian Princess Emma of Friesach and Zeltschach, on April 16th, 1015,
in Bamberg. The Emperor also gave the
Count all that he possessed in William's Margraviate, situated between the
rivers Sava, Savinja, Sutla, and Mirna. William's
mother Hemma was born in 983 at Peilenstein castle, as the daughter of
Engelbert von Peilenstein, and wife Tuta. She was raised in the palace of Emperor
Henry II and his wife (Saint) Cunigunde, and
was married to William II of Friesach, Zeltschach and Truxen. After both of her
sons were murdered (in 1030), and then her husband (in 1036), Hemma founded a
large number of churches, the women's Benedictine monastery at Gurk and enabled the founding of the Gurk
Diocese. She gave away a large number of
her estate properties to the Salzburg Bishop Baldwin
for founding the Benedictine monastery at Admont. Hemma’s remains were buried in the new crypt
of the Gurk Cathedral in 1174. She was
beatified in
1287, and canonised in 1938, although the process of being declared a saint
began as far back as the middle of the 15th century. Castle Trakoscan
is not mentioned among the castles she gave away to the Gurk Diocese. She died on St Peter's
and Paul's day, but her feast day is celebrated two days earlier, on June 27th. Saint Hemma is the
patron of pregnant women, the blind, and the immobile. Her attributes are the rose and the
cathedral, and sometimes a charter she holds in her hands. Slovenes, Austrians, and Germans venerate her
as their saint. After the death of her husband William II, Hemma’s relative, Count Askuin Plain
becomes the Savinja Margrave. He is succeeded by his son Starhand I, who is succeeded by Starhand II,
whose brothers were Ulrich, Werigand, and Bernard. Starhand II loses his Margraviate to Pilgrim
of Hohenwart, following a military campaign.
The Savinja
Margraviate was once again taken over by Pilgrim after a short reign of his son
Ginter. After Pilgrim’s death, Emperor Conrad III gives away the
Margraviate to Ottokar I of Styria, in 1149. By this act Celje was officially united with Styria.
In 1341, in Munich, Emperor Louis IV
appointed Miroslav (Friedrich) of Savinja as the first count of
Celje. The Celje counts will reign for 115 years. After the death of the last Celje count Ulrich II in
1456, the Celje counts’ estates are divided. The Czech nobleman Jan Vitovec becomes the captain of the Celje County.
By the Emperor’s will he acquires Krapina in 1459, and the Zagorje County a year later. Among others,
the Emperor allotted several Croatian settlements to Katarina, widow of
Ulrich II, while the remaining
settlements,
squares and towns
possessed
by the Celje counts and situated in the Croatian area were returned to the Croatian Crown. Trakoscan (Trakenstein) is mentioned
among those.
Članek na podlagi analize znanih in novoodkritih arhivskih virov, novih spoznanj o srednjeveških poslikavah, sklepnikih z grbi ter o arhitekturni in stavbnoplastični pričevalnosti kapele prinaša ...spremenjeno razlago o srednjeveški stavbni zgodovini kapele. Opravljena raziskava kaže, da je bila konjiška kapela zgrajena kot enotna gradnja oziroma kot štiripolna bratovščinska kapela, ki je bila že v zadnji tretjini 14. stoletja tudi obokana. Grbovni sklepniki grofov Celjskih, gospodov Wallsee ter, kot je predlagano v tem prispevku, duhovnika in pozneje arhidiakona Jakoba Dürra kažejo na tesno povezavo z vplivno bratovščino, ki je imela v kapeli svoj sedež, hkrati pa prosopografske študije izpričujejo njihovo tesno prepletenost prav v času gradnje kapele.
Članek temelji na skrbni analizi tako znanih kot tudi doslej neupoštevanih arhivskih virov in prinaša več izvirnih in doslej spregledanih dejstev o Veliki Marijini bratovščini na Dravskem polju, ...Marijini bratovščini v kapeli Žalostne Matere Božje v Celju in njuni združitvi. Avtorici je uspelo ugotoviti, da so bili grofje Celjski člani dravskopoljske bratovščine, da je bila prestižna kapela, ki so jo v Celju zgradili grofje Celjski, bratovščinska in da je bil proces združitve celjske in konjiške bratovščine v teku najverjetneje že v 15. stoletju. Najpomembnejšo vzpodbudo za odločitev, da tudi celjska kapela postane bratovščinska, bi lahko predstavljala kapela sv. Jurija pri avguštinskem samostanu na Dunaju, s katero so bili grofje Celjski tesno povezani.
ŽITNICA STAROGA GRADA VARAŽDINA Ćurić, Anka; Škarpa Dubreta, Daria
Radovi Zavoda za znanstveni rad Varaždin,
2019, Letnik:
30, Številka:
30
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The paper presents the findings of conservation-restoration explorations of the building located in the south-western corner of the former county prefect’s castrum plateau, recognized as the granary ...of the counts of Celje in the eastern part, and the Varaždin general headquarters’ armoury in the western. During the explorations, the published references, as well as the available archival materials have been processed and analysed. During field work, methods of visual analysis and probing of the construction material, the plastered and paint layers have been used. Apart from conservation-restoration works, geophysical explorations were also undertaken, as well as the test archaeological probing on certain locations. The present building is located within the perimeter of the estate that had belonged, since its very foundation, to the fortified royal county prefect’s castrum. That is why it seems impossible that such an estate could hold within the property of a citizen, which is one of the arguments of older historiography for attributing the lower part of the building to the granary of the Counts of Celje. The other argument concerns the stone wall frames with gothic profiling, for which the exploration findings from the building’s interior have unequivocally shown that they were added at a later time.
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