Primulina alba R.F.Li ＆ B.Pan, a new species of Gesneriaceae from the limestone area of Guangxi, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to P. ...cerina F.Wen, Yi Huang ＆ Chou. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by several characteristics, such as the size of leaf blades, the indumentum, size of the corolla, the position of stamens, etc. The conservation status of P. alba can be considered Vulnerable VU D1 according to the Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2022).
Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) are a species-rich group of parasitic bivalves comprising approximately 843 nominal species in six families, including 300 species of Unionidae and ...five of Margaritiferidae in North America. Unionid shells have been studied extensively for the purposes of taxonomy, but less information exists about the cellular anatomy of their âsoft tissuesâ (mantle cavity tissues and visceral tissues). No systematic histological atlas of any unionid has been published in the peer-reviewed literature, and this lack of information hinders basic and applied research topics involving freshwater mussels. Herein, we describe the tissue and cell anatomy of a representative species from each of three lineages (tribes) of Unionidae sensu Graf & Cummings (2006) ranging in North America: Villosa nebulosa (Ambleminae: Lampsilini), Fusconaia cerina (Ambleminae: Pleurobemini) and Strophitus connasaugaensis (Unioninae: Anodontini). Based on necropsy observations and light microscopy of serial histological sections, for each species we describe and compare mantle cavity tissues (i.e., tissue enclosed by mantle: mantle, adductor muscle, pedal protractor, pedal retractor, gill, foot, labial palp) and visceral organs (i.e., internal organs: esophagus, digestive diverticulum, stomach, crystalline style sac, intestine, heart, nephridium, cerebral ganglia, pedal ganglia, visceral ganglia, ovaries and testes). We also present a synoptical review of pertinent literature on histological anatomy of unionids. The present study (i) represents the first histological atlas for freshwater mussels, (ii) comprises a baseline for monitoring mussel health in aquatic ecosystems, and (iii) could assist future workers studying freshwater mussel physiology, life history, toxicology, pathology, systematics and ecology.
Summary
1. Life histories of the highly diverse and endangered North American freshwater mussel fauna are poorly known. We investigated reproductive traits of eight riverine mussel species in Alabama ...and Mississippi, U.S.A.: Amblema plicata, Elliptio arca, Fusconaia cerina, Lampsilis ornata, Obliquaria reflexa, Pleurobema decisum, Quadrula asperata and Q. pustulosa, and compare our results with existing life history information for other species.
2. These eight species had reproductive traits characteristic of large, outcrossing populations: hermaphrodites were rare, we found no evidence of protandry, and sex ratios were even or slightly male‐biased.
3. Age at sexual maturity varied among species, ranging from <1 to 2 years for L. ornata to 3–9 years for Q. asperata. In all species, most mature females participated in reproduction and fertilisation success was high.
5. Fecundity was related positively to both length and age, but length was the best predictor. In six species, fecundity increased exponentially with increasing size; in two species the rate of increase in fecundity declined in larger animals. In four species, fecundity declined in older animals. These latter results indicate weak reproductive senescence; however, in all species, older individuals continued to produce large numbers of offspring. Mean annual fecundity differed widely among species ranging from 9647 to 325 709. Within‐species differences in fecundity were found among rivers and among populations within a river.
6. The wide variation in reproductive traits among species indicates the existence of widely divergent life history strategies in freshwater mussels.
The new agaricoid species Inocybe aureocitrina , belonging to section Rimosae , is described and illustrated based on morphological and ecological characters. It is recognized by the pale citrine ...yellow when young to golden yellow or orange yellow pileus colour at maturity, habitat in evergreen oak calcareous forests and especially by the rather small spores, broadly ellipsoid and not reniform in profile. A comparison with the holotypes of two close taxa with yellowish colours, e.g. Inocybe obsoleta var. lutea and Inocybe fastigiata var. cerina , is presented. Illustrations of the macro- and micro-morphological features of this new species are given.
Publications concerning the auricularioid and pycnidial basidiomycete Basidiopycnis hyalina and its anamorph are reviewed. The hyphomycetous anamorph of Basidiopycnis hyalina is considered identical ...with the recently proposed taxon Basidiopycnides albertensis. Study
of a type specimen potentially related to this anamorph revealed a new synonym, Botryonipha dubia (≡ Stilbella dubia, ≡ Stilbum dubium) for the discomycete Neodasyscypha cerina. Basidiopycnis and its anamorph are excluded from the coelomycetes.
Complementary data are presented for the phylogenetic relationship between the coelomycetous genus Chaetospermum and the teleomorphic genus Efibulobasidium of the Sebacinales. Re-examination of another recently described pycnidial basidiomycete with auricularioid basidia,
Mycogelidium sinense, revealed that conidiophores of a coelomycetous sooty mould with relationship to the Capnodiales had been mistaken for basidia.
The following new taxa are described from China: Direnaia, n. gen., with one new species, D. quadripunctata, n. sp. and Xaniona, n. gen., with two new species, Xaniona galacta, n. sp. (type species) ...and X. cerina, n. sp.
The micropropagation of Gentiana cerina and G. corymbifera was investigated. Cultures were initiated from axillary shoots or seed. Seeds of G. corymbifera germinated on a Murashige & Skoog (MS) ...medium containing 100 mg/litre gibberellic acid (GA3) with 54% of the seed germinating within 70 days. In the absence of GA3 germination did not exceed 5%. Both species proliferated shoots on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). For G. cerina there was no significant difference in proliferation rates for BAP concentrations between 0.05 and 0.5 mg/litre. In contrast G. corymbifera gave highest multiplication rates on 0.2 mg/litre BAP. Addition of 1 mg/litre GA3 to the medium gave improved proliferation compared to treatments in which GA3 was absent. The best treatment for G. cerina resulted in a shoot multiplication rate in excess of 7-fold after 50 days whereas for G. corymbifera this increase was more than 3-fold. Root initiation occurred on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In both species the frequency of explants with roots increased with increasing IBA concentration, but at IBA ≥ 1 mg/litre and 3 mg/ litre for G. cerina and G. corymbifera respectively a high proportion of the plants developed a basal callus. Survival of the G. cerina plants during acclimatisation was related to IBA concentration but survival was unrelated to IBA concentration for G. corymbifera. G. cerina survival rates decreased from 80% with up to 0.3 mg/litre IBA to c. 5% at the highest rate of IBA. For G. corymbifera average survival of plants after acclimatisation was just over 20%. Thus root initiation with 0.3 mg/litre IBA can be recommended for both species.
The results of a preliminary antifungal screening of the methanol extracts and the major anthraquinone aglycones, alizarin and emodin, of
Rubia tinctorum and
Rhamnus frangula in comparison with the ...antifungal activity of the anthraquinone-containing lichen
Caloplaca cerina and its main secondary metabolite parietin are reported.
The project agenda will utilize success from Cerina Vincent's acting background, Jodi Lipper's writing background and the launch of their marvelous new book. It Girl will highlight these two young ...ladies as both Hot Chicks and lifestyle experts by showcasing their knowledge on the do's and don'ts of how to eat like a hot chick. Commenting on the acquisition, It Girl CEO, Juliette Harris added, "Jodi and Cerina are two very talented young ladies and we are very excited to join the How To Eat Like a Hot Chick team. What 'It Girl' wouldn't want to eat like a 'hot chick'?"
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