We consider sets of screening operators with fermionic screening currents. We study sums of vertex operators which formally commute with the screening operators assuming that each vertex operator has ...rational contractions with all screening currents with only simple poles. We develop and use the method of qq-characters which are combinatorial objects described in terms of deformed Cartan matrix. We show that each qq-character gives rise to a sum of vertex operators commuting with screening operators and describe ways to understand the sum in the case it is infinite.
We discuss combinatorics of the qq-characters and their relation to the q-characters of representations of quantum groups.
We provide a number of explicit examples of the qq-characters with the emphasis on the case of D(2,1;α). We describe a relationship of the examples to various integrals of motion.
Many studies have found that the orthographic neighborhood frequency (NF) effect plays a dominant role in word identification. Yet most research has been conducted on alphabetic languages rather than ...Chinese. We investigated the NF effect on Chinese character recognition in the context
of lexical decision tasks. Experiment 1 tested the NF effect in simple characters, Experiment 2 tested the NF effect in compound characters. Results showed that targets with higher frequency neighbors had longer response latencies for both simple characters and compound characters, and that
this inhibitory effect was more significant for low-frequency targets. The results overall imply there is an inhibitory NF effect existing in Chinese character recognition. The implications of the results are discussed with regard to character recognition.
The informal Scopaeus kokodanus species group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Scopaeina) is defined using diagnostic primary and secondary sexual characters. It comprises S. kokodanus ...Cameron, 1938 (Papua New Guinea), S. arfakmontium spec. nov. (Indonesia: West Papua), S. balkei spec. nov. (Indonesia: Papua) and S. potamides spec. nov. (Solomon Islands). The species are diagnosed including distributional information and comparative notes.
Along with Mandarin, which has become the second international language, learning Mandarin is increasingly considered very important. However, this trend has not run optimally in Cirebon; since the ...COVID-19 pandemic, several schools have eliminated Mandarin lessons. Apart from the lack of teaching staff for Mandarin in Cirebon, this condition is also caused by several problems in learning Mandarin in schools, one of which is learning Han characters. This research analyzes how Han characters are taught in a high school in Cirebon City and uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques like observation, questionnaires, and quizzes. This study aims to solve the problem of learning Han characters and encourage the development of Mandarin language learning in Indonesia, especially in Cirebon. The study found that teaching staff, learning methods, and materials were the main problems in learning Han characters at the research location. The implications of the results of this study can be used as a reference for stakeholders, such as schools and the government, to pay attention to the quality of Mandarin language learning, especially in providing quality teaching staff and using appropriate learning methods and materials.
Ancient Chinese character recognition is a challenging problem in the field of pattern recognition. It is difficult to collect all character classes during the training stage due to the numerous ...classes of ancient Chinese characters and the likelihood of discovering new characters over time. A solution to address this problem is continual learning. However, most continual learning methods are not well-suited for large-scale applications, making them insufficient for solving the problem of ancient Chinese character recognition. Although saving raw data for old classes is a good approach for continual learning to address large-scale problems, it is often infeasible due to the lack of data accessibility in reality. To solve these problems, we propose a large-scale continual learning framework based on the convolutional prototype network (CPN), which does not save raw data for old classes. In this paper, several basic strategies have been proposed for the initial training stage to enhance the feature extraction ability and robustness of the network, which can improve the performance of the model in continual learning. In addition, we propose two practical methods in varying feature space (parameters of feature extractor are changeable) and fixed feature space (parameters of feature extractor are fixed), which enable the model to carry out large-scale continual learning. The proposed method does not save the raw data of old classes and enables simultaneous classification of all existing classes without knowing the incremental batch number. Experiments on the CASIA-AHCDB dataset with 5000 character classes demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
•We propose a prototype-based framework for large-scale continual learning.•The proposed strategies in the initial stage are good for continual learning.•We propose two continual learning methods in varying and fixed feature space.•The proposed methods achieve SOTA results on the CASIA-AHCDB dataset with 5000 classes.
This paper studies the relations between outside properties and personalities of created characters in comics/anime. Fans of comics/animes can generally predict the personality of a character from ...how the character is expressed in the drawing. From this facţ it seems that people have some common unconscious senses for relationships between outside properties and the inside personality of characters. We propose a method to study the relationships between outside properties and personality by calculating the conditional probability for certain attributes. We analyze the dataset of Character Elements Kingdom, which is a fan site of characters appearing in comics and anime. Given the appearance or personality as the conditional attribute, the posterior probability distribution for a category of attributes is obtained. From the posterior probability distribution, we discuss the relationships between outside properties and personalities of created characters. Through the discussion, we confirmed that there were some tendencies for the relationships between appearance and personality, e.g., “black hair girls seemed to be relatively stable though blond hair girls seemed to be relatively active.” These findings suggested typical patterns of designing created characters in Japanese comics/animes. We believe the knowledge obtained through our study can be referenced for creating new characters in some narrative content.
•A feature extraction method for differentiating visually similar characters sets.•A class hierarchy describing similar characters of Lanna Dhamma and Thai alphabets.•Evaluation and analysis of the ...performance of the proposed method.
One important and challenging issue in handwritten character recognition is the discrimination of visually similar characters. In this paper, we propose a character recognition method for distinguishing similar characters by augmenting commonly used image feature with gradient features from potentially discriminative image regions. The discriminative regions of similar characters sets are automatically detected by analysing the weight vectors of the sparsity promoting logistic fused Lasso method. The histogram of oriented gradients is adopted to compactly represent the gradient features. Additionally, the locality preserving projection method is employed to alleviate the high dimensional nature of the resulting feature vectors. Experimental results on handwritten Lanna Dhamma and Thai characters datasets demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in discriminating visually similar characters. The method also outperforms existing character recognition methods by considerable margins. It has a great potential for character recognition of other alphabets.
This collection seeks to understand the long-lasting and global appeal of Tarzan: Why is a story about a feral boy, who is raised by apes in the African jungle, so compelling and so adaptable to ...different cultural contexts and audiences? How is it that the same narrative serves as the basis for both children's cartoons and lavish musical productions or as a vehicle for both nationalistic discourse and for light romantic fantasy? Considering a history of criticism that highlights the imperialistic, sexist, racist underpinnings of the original Tarzan narrative, why would this character and story appeal to so many readers and viewers around the world? The essays in this volume, written by scholars living and working in Australia, Canada, Israel, The Netherlands, Germany, France and the United States explore these questions using various critical lenses. Chapters include discussions of Tarzan novels, comics, television shows, toys, films, and performances produced or distributed in the U.S., Canada, Israel, Palestine, Britain, India, The Netherlands, Germany and France and consider such topics as imperialism, national identities, language acquisition, adaptation, gender constructions, Tarzan's influence on child readers and Tarzan's continued and broad influence on cultures around the world. What emerges, when these pieces are placed into dialogue with one another, is an immensely complex picture of an enduring, multi-faceted global pop culture icon.
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