남자 기계체조 평행봉 종목 기술 변경과정 탐색 양태석; Tae-seok Yang
Ch'eyuk kwahak yŏn'gu,
06/2021, Letnik:
32, Številka:
2
Journal Article
〔목적〕 이 연구는 20여 년간 평행봉 종목의 기술 변경과정을 탐색하고 습득해야 할 기술을 제시하는 목적이 있다. 〔방법〕 2000년부터 2016년까지 5번의 올림픽과 2019년에 개최된 세계선수권대회 등 20여 년간 평행봉 종목 결승진출자 48명을 대상으로 난도요소, 각 요소그룹, 공중돌아 팔 걸쳐 버티기에 대한 변경과정을 탐색하였다. 〔결과〕 첫째, ...요소그룹Ⅰ은 물구나무서기에서 1/1 비틀어 버티기 동작을 41회 실시하여 가장 선호하였다. 또한 공중돌아 팔 걸쳐 버티기 동작의 빈도는 낮아지고, 대처기술로 흔들어 3/4 물구나무서기 & 3/4 비틀어 버티기 동작, 한 봉 물구나무서기에서 1/1 비틀어 버티기 동작으로 변경되었다. 둘째, 요소그룹Ⅲ는 언더스윙에 빈도가 높게 나타났으며, 매달려 공중돌아 팔 걸쳐 버티기에 대한 빈도가 낮아졌다. 이에 대처기술로 몸펴 흔들어 다리벌려 잡기, 몸펴 흔들어 다리 벌린 후 매달리기 등으로 기술이 변경되었다. 셋째, 요소그룹 Ⅳ에서 몸 접어 뒤로 2바퀴 돌기를 가장 선호하였지만 2016년 올림픽부터 몸 굽혀 앞으로 2바퀴 돌아 1/2비틀기 동작으로 변경되었다. 〔결론〕 이 연구의 결과는 우리나라 선수들이 습득해야 할 기술을 제시하여 취약종목으로 평가되고 있는 평행봉 종목을 강세종목으로 나아가 주요 국제대회에서 메달을 획득할 수 있는 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the process of change in parallel bar Skills over the last 20 years and to suggest the Skills to learn. Methods This study targeted on 48 finalists in parallel bar from 5 Olympic Games from 2000 to 2016 and 2019 World Championship over the last 20 years and explored the process of change in difficulty elements, each element group, and salto and arm hang. Results First, Element Group I preferred healy to support the most and performed it for 41 times. Also, percentage of salto and arm hang got lower and got substituted by Swing forward with 3/4turn and 3/4 healy to support and following a swing element to handstand on 1 rail, Healy to support. Secondly, Element Group III performed underswing frequently while performing salto and arm hang less frequently. Element Group III changed their skills to Moy piked with straddle backward to handstand, Swing forward straddle cut backward, and regrasp with straight body at horizontal. Third, Element Group IV preferred double salto backward pike the most in the past. However, the skill changed to double salto forward tuck with 1/2turn starting from 2016 Olympics. Conclusions Parallel bar is regarded as a weak gymnastics event. In response, this study result is expected to be used as the base data for growing the strength in parallel bar and winning the medals in main international competitions by suggesting the parallel bar Skills that Korean athletes need to learn.
Acrobatics as a new trend in Aerobic Gymnastics Chayun, Danil; Kletsov, Konstantin; Manzheley, Irina
Journal of Physical Education and Sport,
03/2020, Letnik:
20, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Aerobic Gymnastics (AG) is a relatively young kind of sport in which athletes perform continuous, complex and high-intensity aerobic movement patterns to music. Code of Point (COP) in Aerobic ...Gymnastics modifies every 4 years in accordance with the world trends, reduce the subjectivity of judge panel and introduce new requirements at competitions. One of these requirements of COP edition 2017-2021 is the integration of acrobatic elements into the AG routine of athletes. This paper attempts to show the significance of integrating acrobatic preparedness into the training process of AG athletes to make the athletes more competitive at World Championships. Thus, we identified which acrobatic elements were used in the routine of the finalists of the Aerobics Gymnastics World Championships (2018), by analysing the content of the finalists' routine performed. Consequently, we classified acrobatics used in Artistic, Difficulty and Lifts. The results obtained confirmed the fact that acrobatics used in routines of elite athletes was more focused in Artistic. Then, we integrated acrobatic elements into the training processof AG athletes of Tyumen, Russia, which have led to the positive changes in the acrobatic technical preparedness of the athletes. This study provides new insights into acrobatic elements in the AG routines.
The current Code of Points for women's gymnastics includes over 500 skills as a result of skills development conducted by gymnasts and coaches till date. While in 1968 there were only two difficulty ...levels, medium and high, the difficulty scale has now been expanded to cover levels from A to J, indicating the development of more advanced skills. This study focuses on the back salto dismount within the salto skill group on uneven parallel bars. Based on an analysis of its relationship with environmental factors, the study objectives primarily include improvements in scoring regulations and apparatus as well as changes in apparatus standards in order to suggest directions for future skills development and provide basic data for preliminary consideration in advancing the historical study of skills development on uneven parallel bars. The study can be summarized as follows. 1．In the late 1970s, Natalia Shaposchnikova and others performed the back hip circle, leading to the development of the back salto dismount as a concluding skill. 2．In the 1980s, the quality of the back hip circle improved along with the expansion of equipment regulations, with the development of the back salto dismount skill proceeding further under the influence of the Code of Points. 3．In the 1990s, equipment standards led to increased distance between the bars and made the bar shape thinner and rounder, promoting further development of the back hip circle skill as an approach skill and of the back salto dismount. 4．In the 2000s, the trend shifted to a new sense of value that could be called the “pursuit of difficulty.” Based on these trends, skills development through added structural complexity has been promoted by changes in apparatus standards and the influence of the Code of Points. Skills development is thus likely to proceed further through the “pursuit of difficulty.”
The current Code of Points for women's gymnastics includes over 500 skills as a result of skills development conducted by gymnasts and coaches till date. While in 1968 there were only two difficulty ...levels, medium and high, the difficulty scale has now been expanded to cover levels from A to J, indicating the development of more advanced skills. This study focuses on the back salto dismount within the salto skill group on uneven parallel bars. Based on an analysis of its relationship with environmental factors, the study objectives primarily include improvements in scoring regulations and apparatus as well as changes in apparatus standards in order to suggest directions for future skills development and provide basic data for preliminary consideration in advancing the historical study of skills development on uneven parallel bars. The study can be summarized as follows. 1．In the late 1970s, Natalia Shaposchnikova and others performed the back hip circle, leading to the development of the back salto dismount as a concluding skill. 2．In the 1980s, the quality of the back hip circle improved along with the expansion of equipment regulations, with the development of the back salto dismount skill proceeding further under the influence of the Code of Points. 3．In the 1990s, equipment standards led to increased distance between the bars and made the bar shape thinner and rounder, promoting further development of the back hip circle skill as an approach skill and of the back salto dismount. 4．In the 2000s, the trend shifted to a new sense of value that could be called the “pursuit of difficulty.” Based on these trends, skills development through added structural complexity has been promoted by changes in apparatus standards and the influence of the Code of Points. Skills development is thus likely to proceed further through the “pursuit of difficulty.”
Resumen En la Gimnasia Artística, el rendimiento viene determinado por la ejecución de una serie de movimientos con base en un modelo establecido y recogido en el Código de Puntuación. Con base en ...esto, el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es determinar si el número y nivel de dificultades que componen el total de diagonales realizadas en un ejercicio de suelo predice e influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta. Para ello se realiza un estudio descriptivo con una metodología observacional, en el cual se analizan 16 ejercicios de suelo de los 16 gimnastas clasificados para la final individual de suelo de Gimnasia Artística Femenina y Masculina en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008. Los resultados concluyen que el número de dificultades que componen el total de diagonales realizadas en un ejercicio de suelo no predice ni influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta. Los resultados muestran también que el nivel de dificultad tampoco predice ni influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta, excepto en el caso del Nivel E. Palabras clave: Gimnasia Artística, código de puntuación, dificultad, análisis observacional. Abstract In Artistic Gymnastics, the performance is determined by the execution of a series of movements based on a model established and gathered in the Code of Punctuation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study if the number and level of difficulty composing all diagonals executed in floor exercise predicts and influences in a positive way the final punctuation of the gymnast. For this, a descriptive study was conducted with an observation method, in which 16 floor exercises of 16 gymnasts qualified for the individual final of floor were analyzed in Artistic Gymnastics in the Olympic Games of Peking 2008. The study conclude that the number of difficulties composing all diagonals executed in a floor exercise neither predicts nor influences in a positive way the final score of the gymnast. The results shows that the difficulty level does not predict either nor influences in a positive way the final score of the gymnast, except in case of the Level E. Keywords: Artistic Gymnastics, Codes of Points, difficulty, observational analysis.
Resumen En la Gimnasia Artística, el rendimiento viene determinado por la ejecución de una serie de movimientos con base en un modelo establecido y recogido en el Código de Puntuación. Con base en ...esto, el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es determinar si el número y nivel de dificultades que componen el total de diagonales realizadas en un ejercicio de suelo predice e influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta. Para ello se realiza un estudio descriptivo con una metodología observacional, en el cual se analizan 16 ejercicios de suelo de los 16 gimnastas clasificados para la final individual de suelo de Gimnasia Artística Femenina y Masculina en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008. Los resultados concluyen que el número de dificultades que componen el total de diagonales realizadas en un ejercicio de suelo no predice ni influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta. Los resultados muestran también que el nivel de dificultad tampoco predice ni influye de manera positiva en la puntuación final del gimnasta, excepto en el caso del Nivel E. Palabras clave: Gimnasia Artística, código de puntuación, dificultad, análisis observacional. Abstract In Artistic Gymnastics, the performance is determined by the execution of a series of movements based on a model established and gathered in the Code of Punctuation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study if the number and level of difficulty composing all diagonals executed in floor exercise predicts and influences in a positive way the final punctuation of the gymnast. For this, a descriptive study was conducted with an observation method, in which 16 floor exercises of 16 gymnasts qualified for the individual final of floor were analyzed in Artistic Gymnastics in the Olympic Games of Peking 2008. The study conclude that the number of difficulties composing all diagonals executed in a floor exercise neither predicts nor influences in a positive way the final score of the gymnast. The results shows that the difficulty level does not predict either nor influences in a positive way the final score of the gymnast, except in case of the Level E. Keywords: Artistic Gymnastics, Codes of Points, difficulty, observational analysis.
