Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites, the most popular conducting materials whose unique properties and applications are drawing a worldwide interest, are the focus of this book. Their main ...synthetic methods will be herein presented, ranging from the traditional protocols to the innovative eco-friendly routes which employ "green" oxidants and proper catalysts. A brand new preparation protocol able to facilitate the polymer processing into pure PANI electrospun nanofibers will also be described. The possibility to combine the fascinating conducting properties of polyaniline with those of other materials has opened the way to the preparation of amazing composite materials. The PANI-inorganic nanocomposites find a particular place inside this book, together with the principal analytical techniques for characterizing such materials and an updated description of their huge spectrum of applications. Polyaniline and its composites, in fact, are already successfully employed in many electrical and optical devices, as well as advanced gas sensors, but novel emerging usages in EMI shielding, anticorrosive and biomedical materials are now showing their great potentiality. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in the field of material science, chemistry, physics, electronics and nanotechnology will benefit from this book which reports the updated accomplishments in polyaniline research and it is application-oriented.
Les développements récents des applications d’électronique portable demande de plus en plus l’utilisation de systèmes de récupération d’énergie à partir de sources environnantes de basse énergie. La ...conversion piézoélectrique à partir de sources vibratoire pourrait être un moyen intéressant pour l’alimentation électrique de petits systèmes. Dans ce travail, nous investiguons les potentialités de films de polymère bio-sourcé à base de polyamide 11 (PA11). Dans un premier temps, les effets de traitements physiques ou chimiques sur le développement des phases cristallines du PA11 ont été longuement étudiés. Dans un deuxième temps, des nano-argiles ont été utilisées comme modificateurs de structure dans la matrice PA11. Des nanocomposites de PA11/argile ont été réalisés en utilisant des argiles en feuillets et en nanotubes par extrusion. L’effet de ces argile n’est pas significatif sur la qualité structurale des composites obtenus. L’ajout d’argile en feuillets (cloisite 20A, cloisite 10A et cloisite Na+)conduit à une amélioration des caractéristiques mécaniques alors que l’ajout de silicates tubulaires (nanotubes d’halloysite) n’a pas d’effet significatif. Parmi tous les nanocomposites préparés, le nanocomposite chargé de Cloisite Na+ a montré la meilleure propriétés piézoélectriques. Il semble que la polarité plus élevée de la Cloisite Na+ puisse être à l’origine de la meilleure réponse à la polarisation de ces composites. Une méthode spécifique de quantification de la récupération d’énergie vibratoire a été développée pour ces composites polymères/argile. Les capacités de récupération d’énergie par vibration ont été étudiées sur l’argile PA11 chargée de Cloisite Na+.
In the last few years it has been an increasing demand for the elaboration of flexible energy conversion sources due to the rapid increase in the usage of portable electronic devices. The piezoelectric conversion from vibration sources could be an interesting way to charge small systems. In this work, we investigate the potential of bio-based polyamide 11 (PA11) polymer films. At first, the effect of physical and chemical treatments on the development of crystalline phases in polyamide 11 has been thoroughly investigated. In a second step, nanoclays have been used as structural modifiers in PA 11 matrix. Nanocomposites were prepared using layered and tubular clays by melt-blending process and it was found that addition of layered silicates (cloisite 20A, cloisite 10A and cloisite Na+) results in an increase in mechanical properties, while the addition of tubular silicates (halloysite nanotube) has no significant effect. Addition of clay is not significant on the structural quality of the obtained nanocomposites. PA11 nanocomposite loaded with Cloisite Na+ have shown the best piezoelectric properties. It appears that the higher value of the polarity of Cloisite Na + may be responsible of the best answer to the polarization of the composites. A specific method for the quantification of energy vibration recovery has been developed for these nanocomposites. The capabilities of vibrational energy recovery were studied on PA11 loaded with Cloisite Na+.
Polylactides are aliphatic polyesters derived from lactic acid, and various derivatives thereof, and are one of the most promising of polymers based on starting materials available from renewable ...resources. Materials based on these polymers are at the cutting edge of progress in sustainable materials science. This book provides an overview of the latest developments in a number of aspects of polylactice research. Chapters cover synthesis using novel catalysts and modified monomers, new copolymers, blends of polylactides with other polymers, stereocomplexes and nanocomposites. The information contained therein will be of interest to all involved in the development of polylactides and other polymers based on sustainable resources, with discussions on how to modify and improve these materials to expand their capabilities even further.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have amazing properties and a key way to take advantage of this is by incorporating nanotubes into a matrix to build composite materials. The best candidates for this task are ...undoubtedly polymers. Almost every characteristic of a polymer can be significantly enhanced by adding carbon nanotubes and as a result, new potential applications of carbon nanotube enhanced polymer composites are discovered every day. However, before carbon nanotube enhanced polymer composites become commonplace there are some tough challenges that need to be overcome. This book reviews the status of worldwide research in both single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube based composites. It serves as a practical guide on carbon nanotube based composites and a reference to students and researchers from the academia and industry.
