Contending that Japan's industrial and imperial revolutions were also geographical revolutions, Kären Wigen's interdisciplinary study analyzes the changing spatial order of the countryside in early ...modern Japan. Her focus, the Ina Valley, served as a gateway to the mountainous interior of central Japan. Using methods drawn from historical geography and economic development, Wigen maps the valley's changes—from a region of small settlements linked in an autonomous economic zone, to its transformation into a peripheral part of the global silk trade, dependent on the state. Yet the processes that brought these changes—industrial growth and political centralization—were crucial to Japan's rise to imperial power. Wigen's elucidation of this makes her book compelling reading for a broad audience.
In the countryside, where intensive rural development and rising property values have been observed since the late 1970s, the preservation and meaning of traditional dwellings have emerged as crucial ...considerations in shaping Hong Kong’s countryside conservation policy. The focus of this paper is on the conservation of temples, as we are drawn to these structures not only for their architectural merit but also for their role as public buildings within the countryside. Consequently, their cultural significance is heavily influenced by the stakeholders they are associated with, distinguishing them from other types of dwellings.
This paper examines the coastal landscape of South Lantau, which includes several villages with distinct traditions that have undergone significant transformations since the 1960s. Located at the southwest edge of Hong Kong, Lantau Island had a rural lifestyle that was relatively undisturbed before WWII because of the difficulty in accessing the island. However, in response to the large people influx from China's mainland after 1949, the Hong Kong government introduced the Lantau Development Plan in 1953, mainly to open up new sources of freshwater resources for Hong Kong Island. The construction of South Lantau Road in 1955 and Shek Pik Reservoir in 1957 gradually led to the decline of agricultural activities in South Lantau and the population exodus of local villagers, resulting in a rupture to regional traditions.
In multilineage communities such as the villages on South Lantau, worship of a common deity provides a vital source of social bonding, particularly for an area long beset by typhoons, piracy and banditry. Local people pray for safety and prosperity through collective rituals and celebratory activities. Therefore, temples are not only religious establishments but also embody the sense of social solidarity among villagers on South Lantau. Through the case study of three rural villages on South Lantau, this paper examines how temples play an important role in the continuity of the communal network amid repercussions from the postwar disruption of traditional rural life. Significantly, this pilot study also draws attention to the functions of temples in their historical context. It emphasises the importance of recognising and re-evaluating these buildings for cultural enhancement as part of community engagement. This study provides valuable insights for future conservation efforts for religious buildings in the countryside.
This article defines the key parameters of ‘state entrepreneurialism’ as a governance form that combines planning centrality and market instruments, and interprets how these two seemingly ...contradictory tendencies are made coherent in the political economic structures of post-reform China. Through examining urban regeneration programmes (in particular ‘three olds regeneration’, sanjiu gaizao), the development of suburban new towns and the reconstruction of the countryside, the article details institutional configurations that make the Chinese case different from a neoliberal growth machine. The contradiction of these tendencies gives room to urban residents and migrants to develop their agencies and their own spaces, and creates informalities in Chinese urban transformation.
本文定义了“政府企业家主义”作为一种将集中规划与市场手段相结合的治理形式有哪些关键参数，并诠释了这两种看起来相互矛盾的倾向在改革开放后中国的政治经济结构中是如何融汇的。通过考察城市再生计划（尤其是“三旧改造”）、郊区新城的开发和乡村重建，本文详细剖析了使中国的情况与新自由主义增长机器不同的制度格局。这两种倾向的矛盾性使城市居民和移民发展了能动性和自身空间，并造就了中国城市转型中的非正规性。
A Role for Science in Poverty Alleviation? Bagla, Pallava; Stone, Richard
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
05/2013, Letnik:
340, Številka:
6136
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Science
spoke with Minister of Rural Development Jairam Ramesh about the role of science in poverty alleviation.
In July 2011, Jairam Ramesh was tapped to lead the Ministry of Rural Development, an ...$18 billion agency focused on the plight of the 70% of India's 1.2 billion people who live in the countryside. Last month,
Science
spoke with Ramesh about the role of science in poverty alleviation.
A world with large disparities in development between rural and urban areas could never achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Issues related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are ...fundamental to the stability and people's welfare of China as well as other developing countries. Despite the growing demand and national initiative for rural revitalization, rural innovation has received little attention in the innovation literature. Drawing from the new growth theory, institutional theory and innovation system theory, this paper proposes the rural innovation system, which is a complex socioeconomic network that aims to revitalize the countryside and achieve balanced and sustainable development. This paper compares the rural and urban innovation system, introduces a theoretical structural model of the rural innovation system, including a) technology innovation, b) institutional and management innovation, and c) community-based network and intermediary platform innovation. Then it outlines the future challenges in fostering a strong rural innovation system. The rural innovation system proposed makes direct contributions to the literature of rural studies, innovation system, and public policy, and offers both China and the world a new perspective for realizing rural revitalization, anti-poverty and global sustainable development.
•Despite the growing demand and initiatives for rural revitalization, rural innovation has received little attention in the literature.•This is a pioneering study on the rural innovation system, providing a new perspective on rural revitalization and sustainable development.•Similarities and differences between rural and urban innovation systems are compared.•A theoretical structural model of the rural innovation system is proposed based on cases from China.
This article is part of the master's research that analyzes how the full-time countryside schools in the Federal District implement the pedagogical guidelines of Basic Education of the ...Field/countryside for the public school system in the Federal District. This qualitative research was epistemologically based on the Dialectical Historical Materialism. The study that makes up the present text is based on the documental research of the Guidelines and norms of Field Education in the Federal District, aiming to trace the theoretical, methodological, and normative paths of Field Education. The theoretical foundation is anchored in the ideas of thinkers such as Arroyo (2007, 2012), Arroyo, Caldart and Molina (2011), Caldart (2012), Freire (2018), Freitas (2013, 2018), Kolling, Cerioli and Caldart (2002) and Molina and Sá (2012). The results point out to an advance in the construction of the policy of Field Education in the DF, when it comes to normative instruments as elements of political basis for the implementation of the right to education of countryside people in their territories.
This study is focused on the preservation and transmission measures of Henan Zhuizi---a vocal form in Kaifeng, China. Researchers have used an ethnomusicology and sociology theories to study by doing ...fieldworks. As a result, Henan Zhuizi originated from Kaifeng and spread throughout China in the later period, which is the product of the combination of Sanxian Shu and Daoqing. The development of Henan Zhuizi is divided into three periods: 1) from 1905 to 1926, during this period, Henan Zhuizi was mainly spread in the countryside and around the Xiangguo Temple in Kaifeng. This period has two outstanding characteristics. First, most of the famous Zhuizi artists in this period were from Daoqing, and they became famous after they changed to Zhuizi. The second feature is that the addition of female artists has enriched the original singing of Henan Zhuizi; 2) from 1926 to 1949, during this period, Henan Zhuizi formed the Donglu Zhuizi represented by Shangqiu and Zhoukou; West Road Zhuizi, represented by Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Xuchang, and North Road Zhuizi, popular in northern Henan; and 3) the development of Henan Zhuizi since 1949 to the current, after the founding of New China, the influence on the registration of Zhuizi artists and some policy related work indirectly gave birth to a large number of new tracks of Henan Zhuizi. Henan Quyi Group, Shangqiu Quyi Troupe and other groups have been established to cultivate a large number of Quyi talents, which has promoted the development of Quyi, especially the development of Henan Zhuizi
This article examines the triggers and effects of migration from rural Azerbaijan in the post-Soviet period. Migration from rural Azerbaijan both reflected and perpetuated the country's integration ...into the global circuits of production and consumption as raw petroleum supplier. This study is based on historical research as well as interviews conducted in six villages from two distinct geographic regions in Azerbaijan. In addition to the political and economic aspects, I examine cultural triggers and effects of migration from rural Azerbaijan and show how migrants act as intimate channels through which capitalocentrism and market mentality travels to the remote countryside in the post-Soviet period.
The focus on the spatial deployment of activities aimed at ecological transition in the rural and peri-urban countryside has revealed their significant potential for social and spatial change. The ...renewal of practices that the ecological transition revives the idea of the local as a relevant scale for building concrete solutions. It also contributes to strengthening solidarity and cooperation in networks operating at other scales, whether it be regional, national or international. This transition is not limited to the activities themselves, but implies the spatial inscription of these practices and relationships in spaces that are both compact and more widely dispersed—small interconnected worlds—opening up new perspectives for the transformation of their built and open spaces
We seek to make an interdisciplinary reflection relating two major areas of educational sciences: Countryside Education and Special Education. We analyze the progress of this process of inclusion for ...people with disabilities, with the main focus of analysis being both basic and higher education. As a spatial cut, the research was developed in the municipality of Dourados in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The methodology used was bibliographic research in books, journal articles, theses and dissertations about Special Education and Countryside Education. In the documentary section, we analyzed the Brazilian Law for the Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (Statute for Persons with Disabilities), the Operations Manual of the National Education Program on Agrarian Reform (PRONERA), the Support Program for Bachelor's Degrees in Countryside Education (PROCAMPO), resolutions and decrees of the State Secretariat of Education (SED), the Political-Pedagogical Project of the researched schools and the Curricular Pedagogical Project (PPC) of the Degree Course in Countr Education (LEDUC), Indigenous Intercultural Faculty (FAIND), of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados - MS. The higher education course was chosen in order to debate the perspectives and questions that are linked in the training of teachers to teach in the Schools of the Countryside. In Basic Education, we chose three State Rural Schools in the municipality of Dourados - MS and made an analysis of the data provided on the QEdu platform (2020) - digital platform that provides official data from schools in Brazil -, especially with regard to accessibility to infrastructure and equipment Information and Communication Technologies (TICs) in these schools. Therefore, this research aimed to answer how the formation of rural educators is being constituted in the perspective of inclusion and, concomitantly, how the barriers to the right to access infrastructures and the use of TICs for people with disabilities are being overcome in the State Countryside Schools of the State in Dourados - MS.
PDF
