By analysing the role of the Female Criminal Police in the persecution of Sinti und Roma in Magdeburg under the Nazi regime, this article makes an important contribution to the hitherto largely ...ignored gender-historical research on the genocide of Sinti und Roma. First, the establishment of this criminal police department and its self-conception as a modern and democratic institution during the Weimar Republic will be analysed. It will be shown that the development of the department was highly connected to the women’s rights movement. Second, the article examines the ideological reframing of the female criminal police department under the Nazi regime. It investigates how it was embedded in an institutional apparatus that committed crimes against those persecuted based on a departmental division of labour. Throughout the different governmental systems, the work of female criminal police officers was, however, characterized by gender role expectations of contemporary German society.
The emergence of new organizational and legal forms of management has created the preconditions for the merger of criminal offenses in the economy with general crime, in connection with which law ...enforcement agencies are brought to the forefront of organizational and tactical tasks to prevent crime in all sectors of the economy. objects and territories. Based on this, at this stage of economic development, the role and importance of operational maintenance of criminal police lines of work is growing rapidly. The article considers the existing scientific approaches to the definition of “operational service”, which allowed to formulate the author's position on the definition of “operational service of criminal police units of work lines” as a balanced organizational and managerial model of criminal police units on a particular line of work, which means the following: 1) operative overlapping of objects of operative attention by representatives of the agency network; 2) conducting control and supervision proceedings for the purpose of control, monitoring, analysis, assessment and forecasting of the operational situation along the line of work; 3) search and recording of factual data on illegal activities of individuals and groups; 4) use the possibilities of criminal analysis in order to create a single security space in all spheres and sectors of the economy and ensure an effective system of operational and investigative counteraction to criminal offenses that encroach on the functioning of the state economy.It is proved that effective organization of operative service of concrete subject of economic activity is a precondition for ensuring timely prevention and detection of criminal illegalities of economic orientation, and optimization of this direction of work is possible by creation of operative positions at the expense of secret workers. economic knowledge.Based on the analysis of the practical activities of criminal police units, the author identified ways to optimize the organization of operational maintenance of criminal police units work lines, including: 1) daily monitoring and analysis of the operational situation along the line of work; 2) determination for each object (branch) of economy of the corresponding mode of operative service (intensity of supervision) which needs constant operative attention, in particular by their operative overlapping; 3) preparation and determination of the most effective operational-search, operational-technical and agency-operational measures aimed at obtaining primary operational-search information along the line of work.
O presente artigo apresenta uma avaliação acerca dos processos formativos dentro do curso de formação dos Policiais Penais em Goiás a partir de pesquisa empírica qualitativa. Partindo de uma ...abordagem socioinstitucional da Administração Penitenciária, a partir dos dados coleados por intermédio de entrevistas com professores e gestores prisionais, em análise dialética, objetiva-se evidenciar a capacidade dos servidores em formação para lidar com os problemas penitenciários, perquirindo-se os impactos dos processos de formação destes profissionais para concretização do direito fundamental à segurança pública como pressuposto da efetiva redemocratização brasileira. Como resultados, propõe-se diretrizes para construção de uma política com foco na responsividade dos atores do sistema prisional em direção à governança democrática como baliza de atuação dos policiais penais para o enfrentamento das crises interseccionais que marcam a realidade prisional brasileira.
Some aspects of the international experience in counteracting premeditated murder by criminal police units have been studied. The main factors and features of formation and development of directions ...in counteraction to premeditated murders have been defined, the available models of counteraction to premeditated murders in activity of police divisions of separate countries have been allocated and analyzed.
Based on the analysis of existing models and programmes to combat premeditated murder in some Western countries, our own model of counteraction to premeditated murder has been proposed, which needs to be implemented in Ukraine. The practice of development and implementation of measures of state, regional and city complex programmes of counteraction to criminal illegality in Ukraine deserves special attention. Premeditated homicide prevention programmes should be implemented with the broad involvement of various sections of the population, the public and volunteer movements on a European model. In order to activate Ukrainian youth to participate in various programmes aimed at crime prevention, it is necessary to use the experience of countries such as the Netherlands or Israel. Such positive experience should be the subject of separate study and implementation in Ukraine. Internal state policy should be formed on the development and implementation of such programmes. The main ways to promote the participation of citizens in the provision of voluntary free police assistance in combating criminal offenses can be: a) the creation of appropriate social advertising, which must be distributed on the Internet; b) popularization of the volunteer movement and voluntary groups of student youth in higher education institutions; c) organization of media projects to cover information on the number of volunteer units in Ukraine and individual cities, the results of their activities, achievements and future plans, speeches by the Minister of Internal Affairs, National Police Chief and other leaders on the specifics of police cooperation with citizens and benefits law enforcement agencies with the public and more.
Status of employment law in the national legal order Indonesia theoretically can be separated into three areas, namely the areas of administration, the field of civil and criminal fields. ...Relationships law made by workers / laborers with employers included in the field of civil law. However, during the manufacturing process, implementation, and an end to the relationship controlled by the government. If during these processes there is a violation (not in accordance with applicable regulations), it can be applied to criminal sanctions. Based on this it raised the question of how the criminal law policy of the offenses in the field of employment, how goal setting normative regarding labor relations. The results of research and discussion to explain policies Criminal Law Against Crime in the Field of Employment is the regulation of provisions regarding the issue penal law in relation to employment issues in the legislation which is national that aims to maintain synchronization of the working relationship between employers and workers and put the government functions as a function harmonization between employers and workers. Goal setting normative concerning the employment relationship is to maintain order tangle working relationship between workers and employers.
Recently, scientific interest in the study of foreign experience in combating criminal illegality among domestic scientists is constantly growing, which indicates an effort to investigate the best ...preventive practices of separate countries and the search for ways of their implementation in Ukraine. However, with regard to the direct study of the foreign experience of operative and investigative countermeasures against intentional murders by police units of various foreign countries, there is a lack of such studies today, which increases the relevance of the chosen direction and gives prospects for determining effective practices using a targeted approach to combating deliberate murders and defining such a model of operative and investigative activity. The choice of an appropriate strategy by a particular state and the formation of an appropriate preventive program or a program to combat criminal wrongdoing is determined not only by the current criminogenic situation in this country and in the world in general, but also by the relevant historical, cultural and religious traditions. When considering the specifics of combating criminal wrongdoing in a particular country, it is necessary to take into account the country's membership of the corresponding criminological system. Modern criminology distinguishes Anglo-American, Western European, East Asian, socialist, Muslim and mixed criminological systems.
The reforms that have been taking place in Ukraine recently require restructuring and a significant increase in the level of efficiency and quality of law enforcement agencies. First of all, these requirements apply to operational units, patrol police and community police officers. Successful implementation of the tasks assigned to these divisions is impossible without taking into account the best examples of the experience of countries such as Canada and the USA. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international experience of operational and investigative prevention of intentional homicides by criminal police units, as well as legislation that provides for the development of an effective system of prevention of intentional homicides in Ukraine. The task of the research is the analysis of various programs to combat intentional homicides that operate in different countries of the world, as well as the international experience of operative and investigative prevention of intentional homicides, which can become the basis for the development of appropriate Ukrainian legislation in this area. The positive international experience of operative and investigative prevention of intentional murders is analyzed. The experience of the USA in combating criminal wrongdoing, in particular intentional murders, is considered, and three models of preventive activity are distinguished and analyzed: the model of social institutions, the model of individual safety, and the model of influence through the environment. It was concluded that conducting a comparative analysis of the prevention of intentional homicides in different countries is the basis for the development of the most promising directions for improving domestic legislation in this area.
Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) images help identify individuals and extract information from corpses. PMCT may substitute for a standard examination when bodies are severely damaged or when ...resources are limited in a mass fatality incident. In such situations, the dental information revealed by PMCT has the potential to narrow down candidates for identification further. However, the validity of the dental findings obtained from PMCT images remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the validity of dental findings on PMCT images compared to regular dental examinations as the reference standard. We routinely collected PMCT images of 148 unidentified corpses and compared the dental findings of each tooth obtained from PMCT with those of a regular dental examination. The validity of dental findings of PMCT was measured by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). We also evaluated the accuracy of dental findings per corpse using 32 teeth as the denominator. The dental findings with high sensitivity and high specificity were a present tooth (0.96 and 0.97), a missing tooth (0.97 and 0.97), pontic (0.92 and 1.00), a dental implant (1.00 and 1.00), and a root filling (0.94 and 0.99). The mean accuracy of the dental findings per corpse in PMCT was 95.6% (standard deviation: 6.9, minimum ≤ median ≤ maximum: 65.6 ≤ 100 ≤ 100). The number of corpses with 100% accuracy in the dental findings was 81 (54.7%). The information obtained in this study highlights the potential use of PMCT during human identification in several settings with limited resources, such as the number of specialists present and the condition of the corpses.
•Validity evaluation of PMCT compared with regular dental examinations.•Present and missing tooth showed the highest sensitivity and specificity.•The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of teeth were more than 95%.•The mean accuracy of dental findings per cadaver was more than 95%.•PMCT could substitute for regular dental examination to efficiently identify.
The article examines the state of scientific development of assistance to criminally illegal activities of an organized group or criminal organization in the context of consideration of various ...aspects of operational and investigative counteraction to criminal wrongdoing by criminal police units.
The relevance of the topic is proved, the priority directions that will contribute to the solution of the scientific problem are determined. It is proved that this scientific problem is insufficiently paid attention to in the works of domestic specialists in the field of operative-investigative activity, as well as at the level of dissertation and monographic research, the problem of operational and investigative counteraction by criminal police units is insufficiently studied in the field of operational and investigative activities. It is noted that solving the problems of counteracting the state of illegal activities of organized groups or criminal organizations requires a comprehensive approach and implementation of appropriate measures by the government and society to promote processes to prevent illegal activities, neutralize existing groups and organizations, overcome the consequences of participants these communities.
It is emphasized that the priority is scientific problems related to the provision of freelancers of operational development of persons who contribute to the illegal activities of organized groups or criminal organizations; using criminal analytics to identify individuals who contribute to the illegal activities of organized groups or criminal organizations; separation of the category of persons who contribute to the illegal activities of organized groups or criminal organizations in the operational records of the National Police of Ukraine; the use of covert investigative (search) actions against persons who contribute to the illegal activities of organized groups or criminal organizations; conducting operational and investigative measures in order to identify primary operational and investigative information regarding persons who contribute to the illegal activities of organized groups or criminal organizations.
The main stages of formation and development of the institute of operative service of branches of economy, lines of work, fixed objects and territories by criminal police divisions are investigated, ...the regularities of formation of this institute in the activity of operative subdivisions through the coverage of normative regulation of their powers are singled out and analyzed. The main periods of the institute of operational service formation are determined: 1) the Soviet period (1919–1990), the characteristic features of which were the formation of the principle of operational maintenance of economic facilities, which provided for the development of detailed plans of preventive measures, operational and reference cases in accordance with industries (specific facilities), approval of schemes for placing agency sources of information depending on the mode of observation and more; 2) the modern period (1991–2014), which was accompanied by the changes in forms of ownership, the emergence of market relations, the development of new forms of management, changes in the status of the service, which fought against economic offenses, the expansion of power; 3) the latest period (2015 and present), characterized by the transformation of forms of ownership, development of entrepreneurial initiative, rethinking the construction of operational services by criminal police units of the economy, lines of work, fixed facilities and territories and expansion in this regard circles of government entities that provide operational maintenance of relevant facilities in the economy. It is emphasized that each of the considered periods is characterized by a radical change in the system, structure, tasks, functions and competencies of economic security units. The necessity of improving the institute of operative service, revision of its basic concepts, taking into account the specifics of operative service for different subjects of operational and investigative activities is proved.
The subject. The authors create an instrumental apparatus that saturates existing and emerging data needs in the theory constituting process and thus create preconditions for police practice ...development.The methodology. The research is based on the content analyses of final research reports, the object of which is police proceedings and the subject is police reality,The purpose. The authors substantiate the following hypothesis. The source of the development of knowledge in police practice and the development of police theory is a permanent solution to the philosophical contradiction between police theory and police practice, with police practice being the defining aspect of this contradictory unity. The need and areas of scientific knowledge of activities in the police proceedings structure are therefore determined by police practice.The main results. By verifying police practice, the authors confirm the necessary obligatory interaction between theory and practice, which is predominantly determined by the achieved research outputs and their acceptance. At the same time, they respect that systematically processed knowledge from applied research can show the character of a theory. In accordance with their knowledge, consisting of a system of knowledge presented by the achieved outputs from scientific research, evaluation and explanation of phenomena registered in the purposeful implementation of activities in the structure of police proceedings (research object). The term police action can be understood as a synthetic term for a holistic grasp of the police activity and its bodies. The activity of police and security authorities means: a special form of professional service for the state, self-governing as well as commercial organizations and, last but not least, citizens. It contains a set of executive, organizational, management and other activities that have the character of official interventions, official acts, other official activities and other measures. They are carried out in accordance with the rule of law and ethical principles of civil democratic society, preventive and, where necessary, repressive methods of police work. Their aim is to protect the fundamental human rights of citizens and society from crime and other anti-social activities. They define the identity of these phenomena through the subject (optics) of research, systematically defining the police reality by the process parameters, their determinants and constructs of specific police activities. In the Slovak Republic, the authors of this paper participate in the performance of tasks related to the constitution of police sciences. The outputs of applied research offer a system of scientific knowledge about police reality. With the dialectical approach, in relation to the examined activities in the structure of police proceedings, they define the reasons related to the assumption of the existence of links among the elements of police reality, or they reveal their objective absence. By identifying systems, the authors create a model of these purposefully implemented activities with properties characterizing their behaviour. At the same time, they respect that the strategic form of the parameters of this model is expressed by the achieved set intentions and goals of certain specific activities. Determining them is a concentrated expression of this will. The basic context in their work (participation in the process of constituting police sciences), determining the meaning and mission, is a specific subject accepted by them. This is the police reality, an objective fact that the theory of police sciences examines and uses to explain existing and emerging objects. Therefore, their activity in the process of constituting police sciences corresponds to changes in social processes. When creating their instruments (conceptual system, categories, theoretical models, forms of thinking), they combine it with the explanation of new approaches related to the development and advancement of policing processes, characterized by openness and possibilities of social control in their purposeful implementation. This confirms that this process forms a system. Its design shows relative stability and closeness. They do not include any inputs in its content, just those that are foreseen and anticipated. In this context, they realize that the interdisciplinary of concepts enriches the view of constituted police science. For the police sciences , the abstractness and generality of statements from other scientific disciplines is not a starting point, but already the result of research into specific systems (disposition of knowledge), significantly contributing to increase effectiveness of their scientific work. In the conditions of the Slovak Republic, the police sciences are constituted as practical, social and security sciences. Therefore, the authors of this paper accept that the theoretical and methodological development of police sciences requires them to be confronted and independently dealt with the current state in the theory and methodology of science in the early 21st century, to be sensitive to the current development of the overall scientific atmosphere and independently and critically. In this process, the meaningfulness of their scientific work is evident. This corresponds to the registered needs for the transfer of scientific knowledge into police practice.Conclusions. From these findings it is clear that in the current stage of development of the Slovak Republic, the process of constituting police sciences forms a structured system with to the point management. Its successful completion is also determined by the results of a constructive discussion, the authors participated in with this presented knowledge.
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