Uz hrvatsko-mađarsku granicu na osi Drave, u produžetku od Mure do Vojvodine, stoljećima je funkcionirala etnička kontaktna zona. Cilj je rada prikazati glavne čimbenike koji su utjecali na ...asimilaciju nakon Prvoga svjetskog rata, prikazati formiranje granice između Mađarske i Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (kasnije Kraljevina Jugoslavije). Također se prikazuje stanje „zarobljenih“ osoba hrvatske, slovenske i srpske nacionalnosti na mađarskoj strani, karakteristike njihovih društveno-ekonomskih odnosa s domovinom, političke i geografske promjene koje su utjecale na svakodnevni život i njihove posljedice. Jugoslavensko-mađarske granične odnose između dvaju svjetskih ratova obilježili su kvalitetni vanjskopolitički odnosi dviju država i okruženje koje je stvorila velika europska politika.
Članak na primjeru hrvatskih novina u Australiji i Novom Zelandu prikazuje mogućnosti istraživanja publikacija hrvatskih iseljenika. Objašnjava se cilj projekta Hrvatski iseljenički tisak, način ...izrade bibliografija unutar projekta i metodologija istraživanja. Posebno se objašnjava uloga arhiva kao baštinskih ustanova koje su nezaobilazne u istraživanju publikacija. Daju se primjeri novozelandskih i australskih novina za koje su jedini sačuvani izvori upravo oni arhivski. Jedne novozelandske novine nisu sačuvane ni u jednom primjerku, ali dokumenti sačuvani u novozelandskom arhivu dokazuju da su izlazile. Sličan je primjer jednih australskih novina. U radu su i slike dokumenata povezanih s istraživanjem hrvatskih novina. Jedan od tih dokumenata povezan je s provođenjem cenzure u Australiji 1930-ih godina i ukazuje na to kako su upravo hrvatske novine utjecale na izmjene podzakonskih akata. Ukazuje se na važnost privatnih arhiva i arhiva pri hrvatskim udrugama te ističu nove mogućnosti istraživanja hrvatskih publikacija u arhivima u zemljama u kojima žive iseljeni Hrvati.
First common state of southern Slavs, that is of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, was not created by one act and not all at once, but over the period of three years (since 1918 until 1921) because there ...was disagreement between constitutive nations about which state should be made. Given that in this period there was not constitution, it was called provisional state. But, even later, when the first constitution was adopted - Vidovdan Constitution of the year 1921 - it was not legitimate, because it was not adopted with the agreement of all three nations. However, in factual sense, this state functioned like any other, and with strong jurisdictions of central authorities. The period of political and legal provisorium was filled with political discussions and differences of opinion on the structure of the future common state. These differences continued to grow. Serbian parties advocated for centralistic state, while Croatians, Slovenians, and Muslims were proponents of a federal or a confederate state. In fact, to the Croatian parties, the goal was not creation of the common state, but they implicitly agreed to it so that they would save territories with non-Croatian population. Aside from that, the Croatian provinces on the Austro - Hungarian side were lost in the war, leaving Croatia with only a portion of its territory. While Serbian people saw only interim solution of the Slavic unity in the common state, Slovenian and especially Croatian people recognized the opportunity for liberation from Austro-Hungary and international recognition, especially in the territories where the Croats were not the majority. Croatian parties requested decentralization, while at the same time they were not ready to admit even the minimum of rights to other nations, primarily to the Serbian people, who lived in the provinces that Croatian political leadership was pretending to.
Sanja Zlatanović’s book Etnička identifikacija na posleratnom području: Srpska zajednica jugoistočnog Kosova (Ethnicity in a Post-War Region: The Serbian Community of Southeast Kosovo) provides a ...valuable picture of the Serbian community of Kosovsko Pomoravlje (South-East Kosovo around Gnilane) during the first years of international rule in the disputed area. The book is based on field research carried out between 2003 and 2006 both in the area and in Southern Serbia with persons displaced from the area. S. Zlatanović describes the subdivisions between “Kosovo old-dwellers” and “Colonists” (of 1920s and 30s); between Serbs and Serbian Gypsies in Kosovo; and between KosovoSerbs and the population of Central Serbia. She also demonstrates the complexity of the Kosovo Serb perception of their neighbours – Kosovo Croats and Kosovo Albanians. The author reviews both the efficiency and limits of the komšiluk (traditional practice of neighbourhood solidarity), cultural similarities with the Kosovo Albanians, and the role of the Raška-Prizren Diocese of the Serb Orthodox Church and its influence upon the community, e. g., by the overcoming of traditional practices of religious syncretism. This ethnological study will be of use both for ethnologists and social anthropologists of the Balkans, as well as for historians and political scientists. The Kosovo Serb identity, their internal subdivisions, and the cultural stereotypes described by S. Zlatanović will exist as a part of the broader Serbian social texture for the foreseeable future.
The most representative part of Milorad Ekmečić’s work dealing with the history of the Yugoslav idea and movement is presented by analyses of his concepts, methods, documents and literature. Analyses ...are focused on his famous essay on the destiny of the Yugoslav idea and his most important work about the creation of Yugoslavia.
Among the major consenquences of the World War I, besides huge destructions and human casualties, disappearance of old empires (Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Rusian and German) and emerge of new states ...in Europe under international influence can be mentioned. In December 1918 State of Croats, Serbs and Slovenians had united with Kingdom of Serbia and formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (later renamed in Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929). Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a part of this Kingdom, changed its political subjectivity in few phases which was a result of political processes and internal conflicts of Serbian, Croatian and other politicians. In this paper the focus is put on the Vidovdan Constitution, its promulgation with special review of Article Nr. 135 of this Constitution also known as Turkish Article. This Article managed to preserve teritorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians until 1924. when, according to the other provisions of the Constitution, the process of govermnent establishing had finished and the new centralised governing sistem came into power.
In the first years of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of SHS), the educational situation in Herzegovina was very bad. The low level of literacy (in some areas over 90%) and the ...small number of educational institutions, gave a negative picture, which was further complicated by the incompetence and slowness of the state administration. From the mid-1920s, the situation began to change. The construction of schools and literacy through course teaching were significant, but still insufficient steps to solve all the accumulated problems in this area. Based on unpublished sources and relevant literature, the paper discusses the state of the school system in Herzegovina, during the first period of monarchist Yugoslavia (1918-1929).
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Sociodemographic factors can sometimes be more contributory in relation to war-related stress-induced disorder treatment and compensation-seeking than health-related factors. ...However, their impact is often overlooked. This study explores a relationship between sociodemographic factors and diagnoses of combat-related stress-induced disorders in combat compensation seekers for delayed-onset PTSD (DOPTSD).
Materials and Methods
Between June 2002 and August 2004, at the Regional Centre for Psychotrauma Zagreb, University Hospital Dubrava, the expert team evaluated subjects to diagnose DOPTSD and other comorbid illnesses. The study included 831 war veterans who experienced combat stress during the 1991-1995 Croatian war. They were subjects of psychiatric treatments before applying for compensation. The researchers derived results from data collected during the expert evaluation for compensation seeking, which included a structured diagnostic procedure. The diagnostic procedure included structured clinical interviews that also provided sociodemographic (age, sex, education, employment, marital status, number of children, and place of residence) and other data (heredity, medical history of physical and mental disorders, history of social functioning, combat-related and post-traumatic experiences, symptoms, their duration, intensity, and treatment). After the interview, the Clinical Global Impression Scale, the Clinician-Administrated PTSD Scale, and the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD were applied. Final diagnoses of a lifetime or current PTSD and stress-related disorders according to the ICD-10 were established after fulfilling psychiatric and psychometric criteria. Multiple logistic regression determined independent contributions of sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education, employment and marital status, and parental status), war (duty duration and physical disabilities from combat injuries), and post-war experiences (outpatient treatment duration and the number of hospitalizations) in predicting compensation eligibility.
Results
Better-educated combat compensation seekers were 2.23 times more likely to have eligible psychiatric diagnoses. Furthermore, married veterans were 2.22 times more likely to have eligible diagnoses than single compensation seekers. Likewise, hospitalization status was a risk factor concerning post-war experiences for eligible psychiatric diagnoses.
Conclusion
Marriage and higher education are accounted for longer DOPTSD in the group of combat compensation seekers with diagnoses eligible for compensation as a protective factor. A higher number of hospitalizations was also predictive because of more severe PTSD symptomatology as a risk factor. Higher education, marriage, and the higher number of the hospitalizations contributing to war-related DOPTSD diagnoses eligible for compensation.
There is increasing evidence that chronic stress accelerates telomere erosion in leukocytes/peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, functional changes associated with telomere shortening ...are poorly understood. We hypothesized that war veterans with PTSD would have shorter telomeres in PBMCs and that these cells might exhibit changes in measures of immune reactivity such as proliferation, cytokine production and expression of regulators of immune responses.
We measured relative telomere length and basal telomerase activity in PBMCs of 62 individuals (PTSD patients (N=30); age-matched healthy controls (N=17), elderly volunteers (N=15)). In parallel, we have assessed proliferation of activated T cells, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 cytokine production and expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand PD-L1 on activated T cells.
Middle-aged war veterans with current PTSD had shorter PBMC telomere length than their age-matched healthy controls while the elderly had the shortest telomeres. There was no difference in telomerase activity between PTSD patients and healthy controls while telomerase activity was significantly lower in the elderly. While the elderly group exhibited robust changes in immune activity such as increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and reduced proliferation of all T cells, the PTSD group showed reduced proliferative response of CD8+ T cells to high concentrations of mitogen and reduced spontaneous production of IL-2 and IFN-γ.
This study adds to the accumulating evidence that psychological trauma and chronic stress are associated with accelerated telomere attrition. However, changes in immune function associated with stress-related telomere shortening are not well understood. Although much less pronounced in PTSD patients than in elderly persons, reduced proliferative responses of T cells accompanied by shorter telomeres might be a sign of early immunosenescence. Together with reduced production of Th1 cytokines, observed immune changes may contribute to health risks associated with PTSD.
•We analyzed telomere length and immune activity of three groups.•PTSD patients have shorter telomeres than their age-matched controls.•The elderly have the shortest telomeres.•PTSD patients exhibit slight changes in immune activity.•Elderly persons exhibit emphatic changes in immune activity.
В статье содержится подробное описание поместий Великого князя Михаила Александровича, брата последнего русского императора Николая II. На основе архивных источников воссоздана экономическая модель ...развития имений, проанализирована хозяйственная деятельность. Владения Великого князя Михаила Александровича представляли собой прекрасный пример передового усадебного хозяйства конца XIX – первой четверти XX вв. Большая заслуга в этом принадлежала и служащим его поместий. В дальнейшем, некоторые из них связали свою жизнь с Королевством сербов, хорватов и словенцев. В статье освещается сербский период их жизни. Являясь свидетелями, а нередко и участниками событий, происходивших в культурной, общественно-политической жизни Югославии, они стали одной из страниц истории этой страны.
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