Samostojna vožnja avtomobila posamezniku omogoča neodvisnost in dejavno vključenost v družbo. Predstavlja kompleksno dejavnost, ki zahteva uporabo kognitivnih, senzoričnih in motoričnih sposobnosti ...voznika. Naraščajoči delež starejših v Sloveniji, tako kot v ostalih delih razvitega sveta, pomeni, da se bo v bližnji prihodnosti pomembno povečalo tudi število oseb z nevrodegenerativnimi boleznimi, najpogostejši med njimi sta Alzheimerjeva bolezen in Parkinsonova bolezen. Čeprav starejši povzročijo razmeroma malo prometnih nezgod, se to najverjetneje povezuje s pogostostjo njihove udeležbe v prometu. Upoštevajoč število prevoženih kilometrov so starejši ena od starostnih skupin, ki povzroči največ prometnih nesreč. Pri bolnikih z napredovalo demenco pa so sposobnosti vožnje še dodatno poslabšane, učinkovitost strategij kompenzacije vožnje (npr. izogibanje vožnji ponoči in vožnji po avtocesti) pa vprašljiva. Raziskave o vozniški uspešnosti posameznikov v začetni fazi demence niso povsem enoznačne, zato se o vozniški sposobnosti ne smemo odločati le na osnovi diagnoze. Potrebna je individualna skrbna analiza kliničnega stanja in dodatnih podatkov, dobljenih z nevropsihološkimi testi in preizkusno vožnjo. Ključno je upoštevanje posebnosti nevroloških in drugih okvar pri posameznih boleznih ter možnosti kompenzacije okrnjenih sposobnosti. Glede na široko paleto dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na oceno vozniške zmožnosti, enoznačnega priporočila o vozniški zmožnosti ob postavitvi diagnoze demenca ali parkinsonizem ni moč podati.
Prevalenci sladkorne bolezni in demence v zadnjih letih naraščata, bolezni pa si delita številne dejavnike tveganja, kot so hipertenzija, dislipidemija, čezmerna telesna teža, nezdrava prehrana in ...telesna neaktivnost. Pomanjkanje glikemičnega nadzora se povezuje z višjim tveganjem za kognitivni upad, mikrožilni in makrožilni zapleti sladkorne bolezni pa z višjim tveganjem za razvoj demence. Bolniki s sladkorno boleznijo imajo oškodovane različne kognitivne domene. Posebej izrazite so težave na področju spomina in izvršilnih funkcij. Tovrstne težave lahko vplivajo na potek sladkorne bolezni, posameznikove možnosti uvida v lastno bolezen in sposobnosti sledenja režimu zdravljenja. Kognitivne motnje pri bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo se povezujejo s slabšim znanjem in slabšo skrbjo za lastno bolezen, pogostejšimi napakami pri spremljanju krvne glukoze in odmerjanju inzulinskih injekcij, pogosteje zamujenimi zdravstvenimi pregledi in večjim številom epizod hipoglikemije ter srčnožilnih zapletov. Pomembno je, da pri bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo prepoznamo kognitivne težave in jih upoštevamo pri načrtovanju zdravljenja; opredelitvi tarčnih vrednosti, edukaciji, izbiri farmakoloških in nefarmakoloških načinov zdravljenja ter nudenju podpore bolnikom in njihovim svojcem oziroma skrbnikom. Pomembni so individualni pristop, postopno uvajanje sprememb in čim bolj enostaven protokol zdravljenja (npr. uporaba zdravil s podaljšanim učinkom, uporaba razdelilcev zdravil), ki upoštevajo tudi socialno situacijo posameznika.
Every three seconds, a new case of dementia emerges in the world, and by 2050 there will be at least 150 million persons with dementia. The World Health Organization declared dementia for a public ...health priority of the 21st century before the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID 19, which affected the elderly population the most. Dementia is a disease that affects the individual, caregivers and wider society. Due to increasing dependence from others, dementia causes a health, economic, emotional, psychological and physical burden for the person with dementia and his caregivers. There is still a great stigma associated with dementia. Less than half of people with dementia are diagnosed and treated, although we have drugs available that can slow the course of the disease. In the multi-author's monograph Monitoring of Dementia in Slovenia: Epidemiological and other aspects, we addressed the problem of dementia, especially in relation to COVID-19. The publication also highlights the estimates on the prevalence of dementia in Slovenia, which were made on Slovenian data and the population of Slovenia. The publication is distinguished by a multidisciplinary treatment of the topics and is intended for both the lay and the professional public.
Dementias present a global health challenge and give rise to significant economic costs. This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of one-year outpatient healthcare, nursing home, and formal ...and informal home help costs for all patients referred to the Centre for Cognitive Impairments at the Department of Neurology, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Slovenia.
Data was acquired retrospectively from physicians' records and the costs for 2015 were calculated. Total costs were estimated by means of a bottom-up calculation of outpatient visits, diagnostic examinations and anti-dementia medication. In a subgroup of 120 patients with dementia, the Resource Utilization in Dementia questionnaire was used to estimate formal and informal care costs.
A total of 720 patients visited the memory clinic in 2015. Diagnosis at first visit was subjective cognitive or mild cognitive impairment (SCI/ MCI) for 322 patients, dementia for 258 patients, and psychiatric or other disorders for 140 patients. The average annual cost per patient was EUR 578. It was highest for patients with dementia (EUR 751), EUR 550 for patients with SCI/MCI, and lowest for patients with psychiatric and other disorders (EUR 324). Monthly informal and social care costs were between EUR 1,037 and EUR 3,369, depending on the methodology used.
The cost of diagnosing a cognitive disorder depends on how extensive the diagnosis is. With an estimated prevalence of 34,137 persons with dementia in Slovenia, basic diagnostic investigations incur costs of approximately EUR 7 million. Direct medical costs represent a smaller portion of total dementia costs; this is because annual costs for formal and informal home help are estimated at EUR 265 million and nursing home placements at EUR 105 million.
Uvod: Neustrezna obravnava bolečine pri obolelih za demenco je neposredno povezana s slabšim kognitivnim funkcioniranjem, izgubo komunikacijskih sposobnosti ter omejitvami pri izražanju bolečine. ...Namen prispevka je predstavitev znanstvenih dokazov s področja ocene bolečine pri obolelih za demenco.
Metode: Uporabljen je sistematični pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature, omejene na objave v angleščini, nemščini in slovenščini ter izdajo v časovnem obdobju 2007-2013. Izbor člankov je bil določen glede na naslednje kriterije: dostopnost, znanstvenost, vsebinska ustreznost in aktualnost. Podatki so bili po izboru obdelani s kvalitativno vsebinsko analizo.
Rezultati: Z vsebinsko analizo 16 znanstvenih besedil so podana temeljna izhodišča za oceno in obravnavo bolečine pri obolelih za demenco. Tako je bilo identificiranih pet vsebinskih kategorij: razlogi za bolečino, spremljajoči znaki, instrumenti za ugotavljanje bolečine, zdravstvena obravnava in vloga medicinske sestre.
Diskusija in zaključek: Priporoča se, da se ocena bolečine pri obolelih za demenco obravnava celostno v kontekstu vedenjskih motenj, funkcioniranja in življenjskih pogojev. Na podlagi izsledkov bi bilo potrebno za obolele za demenco uporabiti primeren instrumentarij, ki bo del standarda kakovostne obravnave, saj obstajajo omejitve v zvezi s preverjanjem v klinični praksi.
To help general practitioners (GPs) in early identification of patients with palliative care (PC) needs, this pilot study aimed to determine the potential of the combined original surprise question ...(SQ1) ('Would I be surprised if this patient died within the next 12 months?') and the second surprise question (SQ2) ('Would I be surprised if this patient was still alive after 12 months?'). We hypothesized that answering these SQs would trigger them to make a multidimensional care plan.
26 Slovenian GPs, randomized into 4 groups, were invited to write a care plan for each of the four patients described in case vignettes (2 oncologic, 1 organ failure and 1 frailty case). GPs in group 1 were only asked to write a care plan for each patient. GPs in group 2 answered SQ1 and GPs in groups 3 and 4 answered SQ1 and SQ2 before writing the care plan. The type and number of PC aspects mentioned in the respective care plans were quantified into a numeric RADboud ANTicipatory (RADIANT) score.
Mean RADIANT scores in groups 1-4 were 2.2, 3.6, 2.5 and 3.1, respectively. When comparing the different vignettes, vignette B (terminal oncologic patient) scored best (3.6). Mean RADIANT scores in groups 3 and 4 were slightly higher for GPs who would be surprised compared to GPs who would not be surprised if the patient was still alive in 12 months.
The combined SQs were considered helpful in the early identification of patients in need of PC in Slovenian general practice.
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