Phenolic compounds from persimmon pulp were extracted with methanol acidified with 1% HCl, and then purified on AB-8 macroporous resin. The tannic extracts obtained were fractionated by polysulfone ...ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 10,000
Da into two fractions: low molecular weight tannin (LMWT) and high molecular weight tannin (HMWT). HPLC–MS analysis showed that gallic acid was one of the main components of LMWT fraction. The molecular weight distribution of HMWT was determined to be in the range of 1.16
×
10
4
Da to 1.54
×
10
4
Da, with the molecular weight of 1.28
×
10
4
Da in
M
n
¯
and 1.39
×
10
4
Da in
M
w
¯
by GPC method. HPLC–MS showed that the thiolysis degradation products of HMWT consist of (epi) gallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-
O-gallate, epicatechin-3-
O-gallate and an unknown monomer with the ratio of 1:7:3:1 by estimation of the peak area on HPLC. The antioxidant properties of persimmon tannins were evaluated using the hydroxyl radical scavenging activities by 2-deoxyribose oxidation system and salicylic acid system, superoxide anion scavenging activity, and linoleic acid lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, respectively. HMWT exhibited excellent antioxidant activities in all tested systems in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activity of HMWT was significantly stronger than that of LMWT and grape seeds proanthocyanidins (GSP), suggesting that high molecular weight condensed tannins are the major antioxidant composition in persimmon pulp.
The efficacy of clove oil, UV-C light and their combination for the inhibition of mold growth on the surface of dried persimmon fruits during the storage period of 28 days at 20 °C were investigated ...in this study. The inactivation kinetics of UV-C resistant mold cultures inoculated to dried persimmon surfaces were determined at UV-C doses in the range of 0.6–12.0 kJ/m2. Disc diffusion and microdilution methods were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the clove oil against Rhizopus oryzae, Alternaria tenuissima and Aspergillus niger previously isolated from dried persimmon fruits. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of clove essential oil against R. oryzae, A. tenuissima and A. niger were 1.56% (v/v) and the minimum fungicidal concentrations were 6.25% (v/v), 3.12% (v/v) and 6.25% (v/v), respectively. UV-C treatments showed limited reductions in the number of molds inoculated to dried persimmon discs regardless of the UV-C dose. Combined treatments of UV-C and clove oil resulted in maximum reductions of 0.64 and 0.68 log cfu/cm2 for R. oryzae and A. niger, respectively. Sensory evaluation results showed that all the treatments could maintain the appearance and texture of samples, moreover the highest sensory evaluation score was obtained for the clove oil (1.56% v/v) treatments in terms of flavour and overall acceptability. Application of clove oil (1.56% v/v) to dried persimmon fruits was extended the product shelf life at least 28 days. By using combination of UV-C light and clove oil treatments, the inhibition of mold growth on the surface of dried persimmons has been achieved.
Ultraviolet technology is a non-thermal food processing technology as an alternative to chemicals while maintaining the quality of the food. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that combined treatment of UV-C and clove oil are a promising technology to inhibit fungal growth as well as to enhance sensory quality of dried persimmon fruits. Application of clove oil to dried persimmon fruits produced a novel and value-added product that can be preferred by consumers.
•UV-C treatments showed limited reductions in the number of molds.•UV-C and clove oil have synergistic effect for inhibition of R. oryzae and A. niger.•Mold growth on dried persimmons was inhibited by UV-C and clove oil treatments.•Clove oil treatments (1.56%) exhibited highest overall acceptability.
The determination of fruit size and shape are of considerable interest in horticulture and developmental biology. Fruit typically exhibits three-dimensional structures characterized by geometric ...features that are dependent on the genotype. Although minor developmental variations have been recognized, few studies have fully visualized and measured these variations throughout fruit growth. Here, a high-resolution 3D scanner was used to investigate the fruit development of 51 persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars with various complex shapes. We obtained 2380 3D models that fully represented fruit appearance, and enabled precise and automated measurements of shape features throughout fruit development, including horizontal and vertical grooves, length-to-width ratio, and roundness. The 3D fruit model analysis identified key stages that determined the shape attributes at maturity. Typically, genetic diversity was found in vertical groove development, and these grooves could be filled by tissue expansion in the carpel fusion zone during fruit development. In addition, transcriptome analysis of fruit tissues from groove and non-groove tissues revealed gene co-expression networks that were highly associated with groove depth variation. The presence of YABBY homologs was most closely associated with groove depth and indicated the possibility that this pathway is a key molecular contributor to vertical groove depth variation. Overall, our results revealed deterministic patterns of complex shape traits in persimmon fruit and showed that different growth patterns among tissues are the main factor contributing to the shape of both vertical and horizontal grooves.
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•High surface area activated carbon derived from Diospyros kaki fruit waste;•Remarkable adsorption capacity for aqueous-phase atrazine;•Linear driving force (LDF) model provides good ...fit to kinetic data;•Activated carbon efficient to remove atrazine in real river samples.
In this work, Diospyros kaki fruit waste was employed as a precursor material to develop a high surface area activated carbon, which efficiently removed the toxic herbicide atrazine (ATZ) from synthetic water solutions and river waters. The alternative activated carbon presented excellent characteristics and structure, including high values of specific surface area (1067 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.530 cm3 g−1) and some important functional groups on the surface. The temperature positively influenced the adsorption capacity, from 194.20 to 211.51 mg g−1. The Freundlich model was the proper one to represent the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Kinetic studies confirmed that equilibrium was reached until 240 min, regardless of ATZ initial concentration. The LDF model adjusted well to the kinetic data, resulting in a diffusion coefficient ranging from 0.89x10-9 to 1.63x10-9 cm2 s−1 as the ATZ concentration increased. The activated carbon also decreased 85% of the ATZ concentration in a river water sample. Overall, the activated carbon developed from Diospyros kaki fruit waste presented an efficient ATZ removal from aqueous matrices.
Carotenoids from persimmon juice processing Gea-Botella, S.; Agulló, L.; Martí, N. ...
Food research international,
March 2021, 2021-Mar, 2021-03-00, 20210301, Letnik:
141
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
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•Revalorization of by-products derived from industrialization of persimmon juice was approached.•By-product B resulting from an enzymatic treatment was especially suitable for ...recovery carotenoids.•Acetone extract from by-product B showed the largest amount of these pigments.•β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene represented 49.2% and 13.2% of total carotenoid content in the acetone extract.•Total carotenoid content contributed greatly to antioxidant activity of persimmon by-product extract.
The aim of this study was the use and revalorization of two persimmon by-products A and B generated in the juice production process. The by-product B resulting from a pectinase enzymatic treatment of peels and pulp to optimize juice extraction was especially suitable for recovery of valuable bioactive carotenoids. The extraction solvents and solvent combinations used were: ethanol, acetone, ethanol/acetone (50:50 v/v) and ethanol/acetone/hexane (25:25:50 v/v/v). HPLC-DAD analysis detected and identified a total of nine individual carotenoids namely violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin 5,6-epoxide, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene. β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene represented 49.2% and 13.2% of the total carotenoid content (TCC) in the acetone extract from by-product B. TCC contributed greatly to antioxidant activity of acetone extract derived from this by-product. Pectinase enzymatic treatment of persimmon peels and pulp followed by absolute acetone extraction of carotenoids could be an efficient method to obtain a rich extract in these compounds that could be used as nutraceutical ingredient.
Persimmon wood (Diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit-producing plant with a beautiful dark pattern in its wood that is suitable for high-quality furniture, sculptures and musical instruments. The ...utilization of persimmon wood can be improved by determining its anatomical characteristics, such as juvenile and mature wood. This study aimed to determine the boundaries between juvenile and mature wood and observe the anatomical properties of juvenile and mature wood and their variations in the axial direction. Three 30-year-old persimmon (D. kaki) trees grown in Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia, were used in this study. The boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined by measuring the fiber length and vessel element length from near the pith to near the bark. Anatomical observations were conducted in the juvenile and mature wood areas. The results showed that the average boundaries between juvenile and mature wood were 44.11 mm from the pith and were not significantly different in the axial direction of the trees. Furthermore, the wood anatomy categories of juvenile and mature wood differed significantly in terms of fiber diameter, fiber proportion, vessel proportion, and axial parenchyma proportion. In the axial direction, vessel diameter, ray parenchyma frequency, and ray parenchyma proportion at the base, middle, and top of the tree were significantly different.
► We aimed to investigate in vitro antioxidant potentials of three edible fruits. ► These fruits are used regularly in our daily life in Turkey. ► With these results we can reach a conclusion about ...their protective role against free radical damage.
This study was designed in order to investigate in vitro antioxidant potentials of 80% methanolic extracts prepared from three edible fruits, Cornus mas L., Diospyros kaki L., Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. For this purpose, 8 different tests were performed including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radical scavenging tests, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), metal-chelating capacity, determination of total antioxidant capacity, β-carotene bleaching test in a linoleic acid emulsion system and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity. In addition, for evaluating the phenolic profile, total phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents were measured spectrophotometrically. Among the three fruits analyzed, Diospyros kaki L. showed the highest activity in all tests, except β-carotene bleaching test. Whereas, neither of three fruits showed metal-chelating activity. Also, a good correlation was found between the phenolic content and antioxidant parameters.
Persimmon wood (Diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit-producing plant with a beautiful dark pattern in its wood that is suitable for high-quality furniture, sculptures and musical instruments. The ...utilization of persimmon wood can be improved by determining its anatomical characteristics, such as juvenile and mature wood. This study aimed to determine the boundaries between juvenile and mature wood and observe the anatomical properties of juvenile and mature wood and their variations in the axial direction. Three 30-year-old persimmon (D. kaki) trees grown in Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia, were used in this study. The boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined by measuring the fiber length and vessel element length from near the pith to near the bark. Anatomical observations were conducted in the juvenile and mature wood areas.
The results showed that the average boundaries between juvenile and mature wood were 44.11 mm from the pith and were not significantly different in the axial direction of the trees. Furthermore, the wood anatomy categories of juvenile and mature wood differed significantly in terms of fiber diameter, fiber proportion, vessel proportion, and axial parenchyma proportion.
In the axial direction, vessel diameter, ray parenchyma frequency, and ray parenchyma proportion at the base, middle, and top of the tree were significantly different. KCI Citation Count: 0
Glutaminase is an important target that is often over-expressed in neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases but few effective inhibitors of this enzyme have yet reached clinical trials. Three ...compounds isolated from fresh leaves of
Thunberg, ursolic acid (
), rotungenic acid (
) and barbinervic acid (
), were identified by analyzing their NMR and MS spectral data and comparison of these with reported data. The IC
values of
-
and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) as control were 775, 13, 14, and 434 μM, respectively. Compounds
and
showed higher glutaminase inhibitory activities than DON. Compounds
and
may serve as potential lead compounds for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases by targeting glutaminase. This is the first report on glutaminase inhibitory activities of
and
.
