This article examines the latest diplomatic developments between Saudi Arabia and Iran and China’s role in regional politics. The study explores the historical context of these nations’ harsh ...diplomatic relations and the different concerns that have pursued the latest diplomatic warmth. Moreover, it explores China’s enhancing engagement in the Middle East, specifically its growing financial and strategic relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran, and the impression of this on regional political order. This research is the result of an analysis of both primary and secondary sources, involving official data, and academic and media reports. The results suggest that the improvising relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran have the courage to incorporate stability into International Politics, while China’s contribution to regional order can give a new arena for support and development. This article yields with recommendations for relevant stakeholders and political actors in leading stability and peace in the Gulf.
With its Ulaanbaatar Dialogues (UBD) initiatives, Mongolia has emerged as one of the most increasingly influential diplomatic powerhouses in northeast Asia, despite its small size. Moved by the mixed ...interests of garnering global influence and a small-state security strategy, the country has positioned itself as an honest neutral peace broker in the Korean conflict since 2013. Mongolia has demonstrated itself to be a successful third party in defusing tensions and, more crucially, jump-starting declining regional multilateral mechanisms for the Korean peace process. This study explores the undiscovered potential of small-state power. Mongolia shows how small states effectively increase their transnational appeal and expand their foreign policy reach through diplomatic mediation. This article examines the sources, strategies, and mechanisms of Mongolia's mediation efforts, looking at the core features of Mongolian foreign policy and its diplomatic relations, and then focuses on the UBD initiatives - the country's efforts as a third party to mediate the Korean Peninsula peace process. Thereby, this study contributes to the knowledge on the practice of international relations by reflecting on the burgeoning role of the Global South.
This research aims to explain how Indonesia's Diplomatic Relations with Brunei Darussalam developed in the 1984-1998 period. The research method used is a historical method consisting of heuristics, ...source criticism or verification, interpretation and historiography. In collecting sources, the author uses sources from contemporary newspapers and source books related to the discussion. The results of this research are that Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam have had good relations since the time of the kingdoms in the archipelago. One proof of this good relationship is the kinship between the Brunei Royal family and the Majapahit Kingdom. During the Guided Democracy era, Indonesia and Brunei had cold relations due to differences in political views between President Sukarno and the Sultan of Brunei Sir Omar Ali Saifuddin III regarding the movement for the Unitary State of North Kalimantan led by A.M. Azahari. During President Suharto's time, Indonesia restarted diplomatic relations with Brunei Darussalam which began in 1981 until official diplomatic relations in January 1984. In its development until May 1998, Indonesia's diplomatic relations with Brunei Darussalam went well with a high spirit of friendship. This can be seen through various collaborations in various fields such as politics, economics, education and tourism. The political and economic fields are the most impressive areas in diplomatic relations between the two countries. One of them is that Brunei Darussalam provided an interest-free loan to Indonesia in 1987.
Consular relations are as essential in inter-state relation as diplomatic relations, although theirs are focussed on servicing the people or corporate bodies overseas. Nevertheless, the conduct of ...consular relations is not as simple as most people think for prior to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (hereinafter, VCCR), 1963, there existed numerous consular treaties. Nor does the service receive as much attention as diplomatic relations. This article examines the factors that gave rise to these situations, which were traced as far back to ancient times with the implementation of the "personality of laws". The emergence of the modem European states had not diminished the practice of providing "customised" jurisdiction for consular agents or officers although states have become more territorial. Conscious effort to bring about some uniformity in consular law and, thus, reduce the confusion that arose from the diversified consular functions and jurisdiction came about only in the twentieth century.
Ideology drives American foreign policy in ways seen and unseen. Racialized notions of subjecthood and civilization underlay the political revolution of eighteenth-century white colonizers; ...neoconservatism, neoliberalism, and unilateralism propelled the post-Cold War United States to unleash catastrophe in the Middle East. Ideologies order and explain the world, project the illusion of controllable outcomes, and often explain success and failure. How does the history of U.S. foreign relations appear differently when viewed through the lens of ideology? This book explores the ideological landscape of international relations from the colonial era to the present. Contributors examine ideologies developed to justify-or resist-white settler colonialism and free-trade imperialism, and they discuss the role of nationalism in immigration policy. The book reveals new insights on the role of ideas at the intersection of U.S. foreign and domestic policy and politics. It shows how the ideals coded as "civilization," "freedom," and "democracy" legitimized U.S. military interventions and enabled foreign leaders to turn American power to their benefit. The book traces the ideological struggle over competing visions of democracy and of American democracy's place in the world and in history. It highlights sources beyond the realm of traditional diplomatic history, including nonstate actors and historically marginalized voices. Featuring the foremost specialists as well as rising stars, this book offers a foundational statement on the intellectual history of U.S. foreign policy.
This book is the first monographic attempt to follow the environmental changes that took place in the frontier zone of the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in the sixteenth and ...seventeenth-centuries. On the one hand, it looks at how the Ottoman-Hungarian wars affected the landscapes of the Carpathian Basin - specifically, the frontier zone. On the other hand, it examines how the environment was used in the military tactics of the opposing realms. By taking into consideration both perspectives, this book intends to pursue the dynamic interplay between war, environment, and local society in the early modern period.
Revised and Expanded Second Edition. This lively narrative tells the story of Japan's experience with imperialism and colonialism, looking first at Japan's responses to Western threats in the ...nineteenth century, then at Japan's activities as Asia's only imperialist power. Using a series of human vignettes as lenses, Japan and Imperialism examines the motivations-strategic, nationalist, economic-that led to imperial expansion and the impact expansion had on both national policies and personal lives. The work demonstrates that Japanese imperial policies fit fully into the era's worldwide imperialist framework, even as they displayed certain distinctive traits. Japanese expansive actions, the booklet argues, were inspired by concrete historical contingencies rather than by some national propensity or overarching design.
Review(s) of: A seat at the table: New Zealand and the united nations security council 2015- 2016, edited by Graham Hassall and Negar Partow, Published by: Massey University Press, Auckland, 2020, ...392pp, $45.
Unofficial interaction between New Zealanders and North Koreans has shaped bilateral relations between the two countries, and continues to do so. Although caution is prudent, such unofficial contact ...can help lay the foundations for constructive dialogue, greater understanding and formal diplomacy. Visiting diplomats have interacted skilfully with their North Korean counterparts, and have been treated well. Constructive engagement and dialogue is critical to promoting peace on the Korean Peninsula, especially with heightened tensions. Active moves by the international community and Pyongyang to help peacefully resolve tensions using such tools are much more desirable than resort to a high-risk use of force.
