This book traces the evolution of the dog, from its origins about 15,000 years ago up to recent times. The timing of dog domestication receives attention, with comparisons between different ...genetics-based models and archaeological evidence. Allometric patterns between dogs and their ancestors, wolves, shed light on the nature of the morphological changes that dogs underwent. Dog burials highlight a unifying theme of the whole book: the development of a distinctive social bond between dogs and people; the book also explores why dogs and people relate so well to each other. Though cosmopolitan in overall scope, the greatest emphasis is on the New World, with an entire chapter devoted to dogs of the arctic regions, mostly in the New World. Discussion of several distinctive modern roles of dogs underscores the social bond between dogs and people.
La luxación rotuliana es uno de los problemas ortopédicos importantes en los perros. La luxación rotuliana, que se ha aceptado como un trastorno del desarrollo en los últimos años, suele ocurrir en ...la parte media en las razas pequeñas y en la parte lateral en las razas grandes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el tratamiento quirúrgico (trocleoplastia femoral, transposiciones de tuberosidad tibial y técnicas de imbricación en conjunto), complicaciones postoperatorias, resultados tempranos y tardíos en perros con luxación rotuliana. En este estudio se utilizaron 32 perros con luxación rotuliana de grado 3 y grado 4. Si bien la luxación rotuliana se trató en todos los casos, la fractura de tibia se observó en un perro como la complicación más importante. Durante la técnica de transposición de la tuberosidad tibial, se debe prestar atención al proceso de corte y no se debe debilitar la tibia. En conclusión, el uso combinado de la trocleoplastia femoral, la transposición de la tuberosidad tibial y las técnicas de imbricación pueden utilizarse para la luxación rotuliana. La recuperación completa puede no ser posible en las luxaciones rotulianas de grado 4. Palabras clave: Perros con luxación rotuliana; trocleoplastia femoral; imbricación; transposiciones de tuberosidad tibial; complicaciones postoperatorias Patellar luxation is one of the important orthopedic problem in dogs. Patellar luxation, which has been accepted as a developmental disorder in recent years, usually occurs medially in small breeds and laterally in large breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical treatment (femoral trochleoplasty, tibial tuberosity transpositions and imbrication techniques together), postoperative complications, early and late results in dogs with patellar luxation. Thirty-two dogs with grade 3 and grade 4 patella luxation were used in this study. While patellar luxation was treated in all cases, tibia fracture was seen in one dog as the most important complication. During tibial tuberosity transpositions technique, attention should be paid to the cutting process and the tibia should not be weakened. In conclusion, the combined use of femoral trochleoplasty, tibial tuberosity transposition and imbrication techniques can be used for patellar luxation. Complete recovery may not be possible in grade 4 patellar luxations. Key words: Dogs with patellar luxation; femoral trochleoplasty; imbrication; tibial tuberosity transpositions; postoperative complications
This book examines the existing evidence to support these practices as well as the risks associated with various types of programs. This robust volume features detailed discussion of topics that ...include human-animal interactions in specific patient populations and settings, as well as best practices for ensuring animal welfare and well-being.
The domestic dog represents one of the most dramatic long-term evolutionary experiments undertaken by humans. From a large wolf-like progenitor, unparalleled diversity in phenotype and behaviour has ...developed in dogs, providing a model for understanding the developmental and genomic mechanisms of diversification. We discuss pattern and process in domestication, beginning with general findings about early domestication and problems in documenting selection at the genomic level. Furthermore, we summarize genotype-phenotype studies based first on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and then with whole-genome data and show how an understanding of evolution informs topics as different as human history, adaptive and deleterious variation, morphological development, ageing, cancer and behaviour.
IntroductionNeuroprotective strategies represent a significant opportunity to delay infarct progression in patients suffering a Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO), allowing more time for treatment by ...mechanical thrombectomy. Oxygen carrier therapy has the potential to deliver oxygen to hypoxic tissues, allowing for a longer window of treatment before cell death.MethodsTwenty-three dogs were used in this study, with an additional 14 historical controls. Autologous clot was injected into the left MCA, confirmed on DSA, and the dog was transferred to a 3T MRI. In order to determine infarct evolution rate, Perfusion Weighted Imaging was performed and relative Time to Peak (rTTP) maps were generated.1 Based on the initial infarct evolution pathway (slow or rapid progressors), animals were randomized to either receive oxygen carrier or vehicle control. Regardless of evolution pathway, or treatment group, IV bolus was given 45 minutes after clot placement. Following bolus, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was performed every 30 minutes to assess infarct evolution. After 5 hours, dogs were removed from the MR, euthanized and the brain was explanted for histological processing. To calculate the true infarct volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated from the DWI images, and a threshold value of 0.533 × 10-3 mm2/s was used to differentiate infarct. The predicted final infarct size was taken from rTTP maps as the area with greater than 4.5s delay and used to normalize infarct volume.ResultsOf the 23 dogs used in the active group, 5 were excluded due to spontaneous recanalization or lack of sufficient infarct on DWI. From the included 18 dogs, 11 were identified as rapid progressors, and 7 as slow. The figure shows the average infarct growth rate for the four groups, showing the oxygen carrier increasing the time needed for the infarct to reach 50% of its expected size by approximately 45 minutes in the rapid group, and 30 minutes in the slow. Overall the final infarct size was reduced in both the rapid and slow groups, 0.99 vs 0.87 control versus treatment, and 0.97 vs 0.92 control versus treatment, respectively (p<0.001 and 0.022).Abstract E-023 Figure 1Infarct evolution curves based on DWI lesion size for the four groups all data has been normalized to the rTTP total infarct size. Gray area represents the standards error of the meanConclusionsOxygen carrier therapy shows promise to slow down the infarct growth after an LVO, allowing for more time to perform mechanical thrombectomy. Not only was the time to 50% infarct increased, but after 5 hours, the infarct in the oxygen carrier groups still showed an area of penumbra.ReferenceTransl Stroke Res. 2019 Sep 3.Disclosures R. King: None. M. Shazeeb: None. J. Kolstad: None. C. Raskett: None. J. Winger: 5; C; Omniox Inc. L. Kelly: 5; C; Omniox Inc. Z. Vardar: None. A. Kraitem: None. V. Anagnostakou: None. A. Krtolica: 5; C; Omniox Inc. N. Henninger: 1; C; K08NS091499. M. Gounis: None.
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