Pandemija koronavirusa SARS-CoV-2 je »novo realnost« prinesla tudi v vsakodnevno obravnavo bolnikov z duševno motnjo. Ob pomanjkanju specifičnih smernic in kliničnih izkušenj je predpisovanje ...psihofarmakoterapije bolnikom s covidom-19 povezano z različnimi izzivi. Zaradi možnih interakcij med psihofarmaki in zdravili, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje bolnikov s covidom-19, ter zaradi neugodnega vpliva psihiatričnih zdravil na simptome okužbe je občasno treba prilagoditi terapijo pri psihiatričnih bolnikih, obolelih s covidom-19. Po drugi strani pa je morebitne interakcije in vpliv psihofarmakov na potek okužbe potrebno upoštevati tudi ob zdravljenju psihopatoloških simptomov, ki jih lahko povzroči sama okužba s koronavirusom SARS-CoV-2, ali pa so posledica zdravil, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje okužbe. V prispevku so predstavljene dileme, s katerimi se srečujemo pri predpisovanju psihofarmakov bolnikom s covidom-19 in na podlagi literature, objavljene v zadnjih mesecih, povzete usmeritve glede izbire zdravil za akutna psihiatrična stanja pri teh bolnikih.
ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the incidence, severity and characteristics of aggressive behaviour in patients hospitalized in acute psychiatric wards, as well as the association between patient ...characteristics and the incidence of recurrent aggressive behaviour. Methods A multicentre prospective study included all twelve acute wards in Slovenian psychiatric hospitals with a total capacity of 232 beds. Over five consecutive months, data on the number of treatment episodes involving aggressive behaviour and the number of aggressive incidents, their severity and characteristics were obtained using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R). Patient- and event-based incident rates of verbal and physical aggression were calculated. The association between patient characteristics and recurrent aggressive behaviour was analysed. Patient characteristics data were extracted from hospital databases. Results 3,190 treatment episodes were included during a 5-month period. Aggressive behaviour was observed in 13.4% of treatment episodes, and 922 aggressive incidents were recorded, which resulted in 3.98 incidents per 100 occupied bed days and 9.48 incidents per bed per year. 74.1% of incidents were severe, and more than half of incidents included physical aggression. 75.5% of incidents were directed against medical staff. 5.9% of treatment episodes were involved in multiple aggressive incidents. Compared to patients with single incidents, patients with recurrent aggression had a less frequent main diagnosis of substance use disorders and a longer duration of hospitalization. Conclusion Monitoring the frequency and characteristics of aggressive behaviour allows comparisons with other studies and, more importantly, it is necessary for planning and assessing the effectiveness of preventative aggression management strategies.
Uvod: Forenzična psihiatrija obravnava ranljivo skupino pacientov. Paciente zaznamuje »več stigmatizirana identiteta«, ki vključuje stigmatiziranje duševne motnje, po drugi strani pa tudi ...stigmatiziranje kriminalnega dejanja, ki ga je oseba storila. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati poznavanje in odnos zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi do pacienta v forenzični psihiatriji.Metode: Izvedli smo opisno neeksperimentalno kvantitativno raziskavo. Vprašalnik je bil razdeljen priložnostnemu vzorcu 320 zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi na področju psihiatrije in izven psihiatrične stroke, realizacija je bila 74,4 % (n = 238).Rezultati: Anketiranci so obravnavo na področju forenzične psihiatrije poznali povprečno (x = 3,04, s = 1,17). Zaposleni izven psihiatrije (n = 55, = 5,72, s = 2,57) so izražali bolj odklonilen odnos (U = 838,50, p < 0,001) kot zaposleni v psihiatriji (n = 66, x = 7,53, s = 2,17), prepoznavali več negativnih značilnosti pacienta (U = 115,000, p = 0,043) in izražali več stigme (U = 1218,000, p = 0,002).Diskusija in zaključek: Zaposlene na področju psihiatrije je manj strah, gojijo manj stigme in bolj poznajo področje forenzične psihiatrije. Ker so poznavanje, strah in prisotna stigma povezani s kakovostjo zdravstvene obravnave, je treba zaposlene usposobiti za delo z ranljivimi skupinami prebivalstva, kot so pacienti v forenzični psihiatriji. Tako lahko nudijo bolj kakovostno zdravstveno obravnavo.
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