Economic crime has an unconditional impact on the system of economic security of the state, because it is a destructive factor that destroys the system of economic relations at various levels both ...from the inside and from the outside. Considering the fact that economic crime is in the object-subject field of economic sciences and is a threat to the economic security of the state, it should be transferred to the field of economic sciences that study the economic security of the state. The analysis of scientific sources made it possible to group all approaches according to how they are interpreted by the authors, in particular: criminally punishable selfish actions; type of crimes; illegal activity; socio-economic phenomenon; intentional self-serving crimes; actions in the field of economic relations; violation of interests; sources of the shadow economy; selfish encroachments; intentional or negligent acts. The analysis of the above approaches to the interpretation of the meaning of the concept of «economic threats» made it possible to reveal its multi-vector nature, which is caused by the following: economic crimes are the object of various branches of law, in particular: economic, land, environmental, administrative, international and criminal; economic crimes are at the intersection of the interests of the totality of participants in social relations, in particular: enterprises; government agencies; financial and credit institutions; international organizations; NGOs; citizen and group of persons; economic crimes are the object of research of a set of sciences, in particular: economic, social, legal, public administration, technical. The awareness of the object-subject field of the definition of economic crime made it possible to propose that economic crimes should be understood as threats to the economic security of the state, which consist in the implementation of illegal economic activity (economic processes, relations, operations) or the violation of requirements for legal economic activity to satisfy the selfish interests of a person or groups of people.
ECONOMIC SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT Ribeiro Ramos, О.; Myronenko, Ye; Britchenko, I. ...
Fìnansovo-kreditna dìâlʹnìstʹ: problemi teorìì̈ ta praktiki (Online),
03/2022, Letnik:
1, Številka:
42
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The purpose of this study is to develop mechanisms to ensure the economic security of enterprises on the basis of identifying qualitative new patterns of its development, which are associated with ...digital transformation. The work uses methods of generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis — to understand the essence and components of economic security; a graphic method — to visualize the conceptual model and mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise in conditions of digitalization; monographic methods — for in-depth research of the tasks set; abstract-logical methods for theoretical generalization of research results and formulation of conclusions and proposals. The mechanism for ensuring the economic security of enterprises on the basis of identifying qualitative new patterns of its development, the action of which allows to ensure the necessary level of economic security of the enterprise is suggested. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of methods for assessing the economic security of enterprises based on the calculation of relevant local indicators and a set of indicators that characterize various aspects of economic security (production, human resources, finance, environment, digitalization), which allows to develop timely measures to improve economic security in relevant areas. The originality lies in the justification of the structure of the functional components of the economic security of the enterprise and the justification of the need to calculate its level on the basis of the integral index in order to develop measures to improve it. The results of the study can be used for the formation of an effective system of economic security of the enterprise.
Keywords: security, economic security, management, mechanism, enterprise, system, indicators of economic security.
JEL Classification D02, M21
Formulas: 3; fig.: 2; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 17.
Recent disruptions to the usual working conditions, such as the pandemic, highlight the insecurity of the minimum waged, casually employed working poor; they also point up the precarity of the ...heavily indebted, over-worked middle-class. Contrasting the cause of social protection with that of market liberty, this study examines the terms of the security debate to see how the cause of protection seeks to counter the cause of liberty. It reviews three recent regulatory events to see what success the cause of protection has had: the industrial relations reform process, the government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the agenda setting for women's economic security. It notes the reforms that Australia's new Labor government proposes. The study recommends that, if reforms are to be effective, the cause of protection must move beyond the particulars of the labour contract to address the structures of power in the political economy of law making.
Energy Security of Polish Consumers in 2004–2021 Gomółka, Krystyna; Kasprzak, Piotr
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio H. Oeconomia,
11/2022, Letnik:
56, Številka:
2
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Theoretical background: Energy security is one of the most important components of economic security. It is influenced not only by access to energy sources and the economic situation of the state and ...the individual consumer. The authors adopted the definition of energy security of an individual consumer as included in the UN report. It states that the energy security of an individual consumer is guaranteed when the average consumer has access to energy at all times, in various forms, in sufficient quantity and at a reasonable price, with the simultaneous development of support mechanisms for socially and economically sensitive consumers, and after implementation of independent mechanisms for resolving disputes with the energy company, which eliminate or at least alleviate the economic advantage of the enterprises. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to present the impact of macroeconomic indicators of the Polish economy on the energy security of Polish consumers with a minimum and average monthly income. Detailed objectives include determining the possibility of purchasing by consumers with such income, diesel oil, Pb95 gasoline, LPG, electricity, heat and present changes in the energy security of individual consumers in the analyzed period (i.e. 2004–2021). Methods: The study covered Poland, country which joined the European Union in 2004. The period of the analysis described the years from 2004 to 2021. The source of the collected information was a review of the literature on the subject and statistical data. Descriptive, tabular and graphical methods, constant dynamic indicators were used for the analysis and presentation of the results. Main findings: The last two decades of the 21st century have brought Poland a number of positive socio-economic changes. The Polish economy noted that inflation remained at the level of National Bank of Poland’s expectations, increased trade, a marked decline in unemployment and rising wages, and thus a general increase in the quality of life as well as energy security of the individual consumer. The authors assumed that in the years of 2004–2021 the consumer had good access to energy, heat and other fuels. The supplies of energy resources were ensured by long-term contracts, including the Yamal contract, and the demand for heating coal was satisfied with the raw material largely mined in Poland. Heat, mainly in large clusters of people, was generated by coal-fired power plants. This raw material was also used by power plants. For heating their houses, individual consumers – mainly in the countryside – used gas or oil.
The 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted on September 25, 2015, promotes the balance among the three sustainable development dimensions – economic, social and environmental ...and establishes a global framework for achieving sustainable development by 2030, having 17 sustainable development (SDGs) objectives and 169 related targets. The European Union, together with its member states, has committed to implementing these goals at EU level, as well as at other non-EU countries, most in need of support. Romania joined the leaders of the 192 UN member states at the Development Summit, adopting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a universal development global action program. In this context, Romania’s 2030 National Strategy for Sustainable Development was drawn up and approved by the Government on November 9, 2018, and Romania’s economic security issues were included in 2020 National Defence Strategy.
This contemporary-based essay provides a case for a life course approach to financial literacy education that offers a pathway for individuals to enter their later years with improved levels of ...financial security and savings. Financial security in older age is seen as an important factor in promoting social connectedness with implications for (a) health and well-being in later life and (b) reducing social isolation and loneliness among older people. Financial literacy is presented within the context of an ongoing life skill requiring early habit building with the need for episodic updating in light of new information and changing life circumstances. Embedding financial literacy education within a life course framework is seen as offering the opportunity to gain economic empowerment leading to long-term financial stability and independence. The notion of economic empowerment is considered as an equal right for both men and women and warrants attention by educators and policymakers to address gender-related disparities in economic security. The increasing numbers of people expected to live longer lives will create an urgent need for early planning actions to achieve financial security in older age.
The article deals with the assessment of economic security by a number of factors that reflect the probability of proxy battle. In recent decades, the number of such acquisitions in Ukraine has ...increased significantly, which seriously reduces the level of economic security of economic entities both at the microeconomic level, and at the level of sectors of the economy, as well as the entire economic system of the country. The purpose of the study was to determine the possible impact on the economic security of the enterprise (which is proposed to be determined by a multifactor indicator of the attractiveness of enterprises for raiders) factors of financial stability, reputation, business model efficiency and attractiveness to potential buyers. The methods used in the study are as follows: generalization, grouping, systematization, and content analysis (to identify factors that could potentially signal the threat of a hostile acquisition); correlation and regression analysis (to determine from the totality of factors that have the greatest impact on economic security), the method of theoretical generalization (to identify the approaches of various scholars and scientific schools to issues of economic security and raiding); comparative (to determine the state of economic security of the enterprises under study in different years). As a result, the authors propose an integral indicator of the economic security of the enterprise, which makes it possible to identify the potential attractiveness of the enterprise for raiders. It consists of the following components: profitability (determines the effectiveness of the business model), autonomy ratio (determines the financial stability), ownership of real estate in the city center (resale), reputation (delays in fulfilling contractual obligations). Content analysis of economic security factors of enterprises was conducted according to the data on the raiding seizures of Ukrainian enterprises of all industries and activities, and the Economic Security Indicator was created on the basis of materials of Ukrainian construction companies. However, the methodological approach proposed in the article can be used to identify threats to the loss of economic security by enterprises of any sector of the economy, subject to the adaptation of the model to industry specifics. The use of the created indicator cannot replace the full-fledged system of monitoring the economic security of the enterprise and identifying threats to further activities, but it can be used as an indicator of express-diagnostics of economic security of the enterprise and making decisions on in-depth study of economic security to identify adverse factors delight.
The main research background involves identifying the factor that today, in the context of a pandemic and hostilities, the issue of labor migration, the labor market is an important problem for ...ensuring economic security. The main purpose of the article is to determine the major threats from COVID-19 and their impact on the labor market in the context of ensuring economic security. The basis of the methodology includes several theoretical methods for determining the key factors of influence and the method of graph theory and hierarchical ordering, which made it possible to structure the level of influence of these threats. The research process included identifying the main threats that negatively affect the labor market due to the onset of the pandemic and demonstrating the proposed methodological approach to streamlining their level of influence. Research conclusions shows that we have formed a model of hierarchical ordering of the influence of the principal threats from COVID-19 on the labor market in the context of ensuring economic security. Based on the results of the study, our suggestions are the proof of the fact that in modern economic conditions, theses of comprehensive research and monitoring of all negative factors that can affect the labor market are extremely relevant.
The research is devoted to the development of a model of institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity. The relevance of the institutional ...theory is due to the need to create, disseminate and consolidate the rules of the game for the application of the methodology under study. A model of institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity is proposed, the implementation of which is accompanied by the development of a set of interrelated documents aimed at integrating the rules of the game on micro, meso and macro levels. The step-by-step development of documentation formalizes the rules of the game to ensure the economic security of entrepreneurial activity and provides an opportunity for the leaders of the subjects and officials to quickly identify and respond to deviations from the benchmark results. The developed model forms a holistic view of the process of institutionalization of methodology in the context of micro, meso and macro levels, which is based on a clear distinction between formal and informal rules of the game. From the standpoint of practice, the significance of the model is manifested in a clear statement of the stages and results (including draft documents) that must be obtained to achieve economic and social effect with the institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity.
In today’s global conditions of functioning, the national economy is accompanied by the influence of both internal and external destructive factors. Consequently, the issues of increasing the level ...of economic security of both the country in general and the business environment and citizens in particular are being actualized. Achieving the the proper level of economic security will create favorable conditions for the stable functioning of the State. The article is aimed at analyzing the main factors of influence on the economic security of the country and their signs on the basis of systematization of indicators of economic activity results together with determination of their characteristic features. The scheme of the hierarchical structure of economic security of the country is provided, from which it can be traced that each higher level of the system of economic security management of the State should properly create favorable conditions for the development of the economy, form the prerequisites for ensuring the security of the lower level of the economic security. The tendency of the economic security risks of the country at both the international and the national levels is covered. Considering the nature of the relationship between the levels of economic security, it is proved that the key to achieving the economic security at the highest levels of the hierarchy is its provision precisely at the level of the business environment. It is identified that the economic security of the country consists in providing conditions for the effective functioning and strategic development of business in the conditions of influence of threats of a diverse nature. Based on the analysis and systematization of statistical data of the author’s approach, the factors of threats to the economic security of the country are analyzed, which include the level of GDP growth, tax revenues to budgets of different levels, dynamics of public debt, competitiveness, sustainable economic development, and harmonious interaction at the international level of the business environment.
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