Explaining what the economic system is and proving the existence of the Islamic economic system as a fact and the possibility of its inference as evidence are three basic issues that are discussed in ...the philosophy of the economic system and this is necessary to get into the first level topics of the economic system and Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) of the economic system. This paper attempts to prove by means of rational analysis that Islam, as a fact, has an economic system in the sense of "a set of behavioral patterns and desirable economic relationships in the three areas of production, distribution and consumption, which they connect the participants in the economic system to each other and to the economic resources and they show the way to achieve the desired economic goals and this system can also be inferred as evidence.
We consider the thermodynamic approach to the description of economic systems and processes. The first and second laws of thermodynamics as applied to economic systems are derived and analyzed. It is ...shown that there is a deep analogy between the parameters of thermodynamic and economic systems (markets); in particular, each thermodynamic parameter can be associated with a certain economic parameter or indicator. The economic meaning of such primordial thermodynamic concepts as pressure, volume, internal energy, heat, etc. has been established. The thermostatistics of the market is considered. It is shown that, as in conventional thermostatistics, many market parameters, such as price of goods, quantity of goods, etc., as well as their fluctuations can be calculated formally using the partition function of an economic system.
•Economic thermodynamics as a phenomenological theory is developed.•The economic meaning of primordially thermodynamic concepts is established.•The first and second laws of thermodynamics are derived for the economic system.•The thermostatistics of the markets is developed.
The current research aims to test the relationship and impact of the accounting professional organization on the effectiveness of the economic system in Iraq. As the economic transformations greatly ...affected the status of accounting as a profession, as the accounting professional organization does not reflect the economic changes taking place in Iraq, the central regulation and oversight of each of the accounting profession in Iraq is still in spite of the economic transformations that Iraq witnessed after 2003 in the transition towards an economy The market and its openness to international trade and investment, and in order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive and exploratory approach was used, as the opinions of the community of professionals who work as auditors in auditing offices and companies were surveyed, and the opinions of accounting specialists who work in the academic side, as well as the representatives of the profession management in its various parties. A random, stratified proportional sample was selected from the three communities. The research reached several conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the legal accounting organization is still the dominant approach in Iraq, as the logic of financial reporting is based on the macroeconomic philosophy and serving the requirements of the state for public accountability and oversight despite the fundamental changes in the nature of the economic system. Therefore, the research presented several recommendations, including the need to the financial reporting model accommodates the level of state intervention in economic activities, the expansion of private ownership, the growth of the private sector, and the role of individual investors and banks.
A thermodynamic approach to the description of economic systems and processes is developed. It is shown that there is a deep analogy between the parameters of thermodynamic and economic systems ...(markets); so each thermodynamic parameter can be associated with a certain economic parameter or indicator. The economic meaning of such primordially thermodynamic concepts as internal energy and temperature has been established. It is shown that many economic laws, which in economic theory are a generalization of the results of observations, or are based on the analysis of the psychology of the behavior of market actors, within the framework of economic thermodynamics can be obtained as the natural and formal results of the theory. In particular, we show that economic thermodynamics allows a natural description of such a phenomenon as inflation. The thermodynamic conditions of market equilibrium stability are derived and analyzed, as well as the Le Chatelier’s principle as applied to economic systems.
•Economic thermodynamics as a phenomenological theory is developed.•The economic meaning of internal energy and temperature in economics is established.•Economic thermodynamics allows a natural description of inflation.•The thermodynamic conditions of market equilibrium stability are derived.•Le Chatelier’s principle is considered as applied to economic systems.
The existence of an economic system of capitalism, an economic system of socialism, and an economic system of sharia are a response to problems regarding the economy as well as an answer to removing ...people from the obscurity of the existing economic system. It’s hoped that these systems will be the key to the economic success of a society. But there are always advantages and disadvantages to every existing system. The economic system of capitalism is an economic system hi which investors or owners of capital are the movers and rulers. Meanwhile, the economic system of socialism is a system hi which the government is the main control, this system ignores the position of the individual, everything is regulated by the ruler and no one has the right other than the ruler. The considerations positives and negatives of each system have created a sharia economic system where this system has every positive side of the capitalist and socialist economic system but ignores the shortcomings or negative sides of the two systems. This paper discussed how the economic system of capitalism, the economic system of socialism, the Islamic economic system, and the relationship between them. The method used in this writing was library research, in which the authors used various secondary data from books, article, and many more. The results showed that it is clear that there are far differences between the conventional economic system and the Islamic economic system, the conventional economic system includes the economic system of capitalism and the economic system of socialism.
Summary
The circular economy (CE) is a new model for the production and consumption of goods, which has attracted wide political attention as a strategy toward sustainability. However, the ...theoretical foundation of CE remains poorly structured and insufficiently explored. Recent studies have shown that the CE model draws on different schools of thought and that its origins are mainly rooted in fields such as industrial ecology (IE) and ecological economics (EE). In this article, we investigate the links between CE, IE, and EE and provide an overview of the similarities and differences between these fields. At the same time, we analyze to what extent the linkages between IE and EE can create a coherent body of knowledge for CE, and be used to identify further research opportunities. This paper shows that, until now, research on CE seems to be mainly rooted in the field of IE and based on concepts and tools that already exist in other fields, rather than inventing new ones. The reconciliation of IE and EE could provide a mechanism to extend beyond such a narrow focus, and increase knowledge of the theoretical and practical framework of CE to benefit sustainability.
This research aims to propose a normative Islamic economic system. By first presenting the most critical elements that should be available in building the Islamic economic system. Then the elements ...by which the latter controls the economic activity. Finally, it checks the provisions and controls that govern those elements and the relationships between them using the normative economic approach.
Research question: how should the normative structure of the Islamic economic system be? Therefore, it can be, in practice, ensuring justice, equality, and well-being for all members of society.
The research begins by looking for some value judgments that contribute to building a general conception of the best form of the Islamic economic system. The answer comes from a group of Islamic economic experts across some countries of the Muslim world, where answers draw a normative picture of the Islamic economic system.
The research highlights the importance of providing an appropriate alternative to conventional economic systems through a normative Islamic economic system.
The researcher believes that this alternative is able, on the one hand, to achieve sustainable development by ensuring justice (equal opportunities principle) and equality. By integrating economically marginalized groups (economic inclusion principle), and the well-being of all members of society (through wealth creation). On the other hand, it can eliminate many negative economic phenomena, such as unemployment, inflation, and corruption.
Harmonizing human activities with the natural environment has received much attention as a development goal and is a longstanding pursuit of human society. In this study, we investigated the ...sustainability of green development from the perspective of the coordination between economic and environmental subsystems at the place-based scale, with 290 cities in China as research objects. An interdisciplinary method combining an improved data envelopment analysis model and Lotka-Volterra model was conducted to examine the two subsystems’ development efficiency and their correlation (i.e., mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, sacrifice, competition, independence). The results indicate that one-third of the cities’ economic and environmental subsystems are in a mutualistic state, with a relatively stable social-ecological system. However, the two subsystems are in a state of competition in one-fourth of the cities, with rather intense vulnerability, where the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature is facing more significant challenges. In addition, vulnerability of the social-ecological system in economically developed cities shows substantial polarization. The two subsystems in most of these cities are in mutualism or amensalism relations, whereas the social-ecological system in economically underdeveloped cities shows even greater vulnerability.
In the present research, we propose that perceptions of social mobility (PSM) are beneficial for oneself but costly to others. Supporting this idea, people who were led to think that social mobility ...in society is probable (vs. improbable) (Study 1a/b, N = 754; Study 3a/b, N = 938) or held this belief at a dispositional level (Study 2a/b, N = 877) showed greater endorsement of system justifying beliefs, which was related to greater happiness and life satisfaction. However, the more people perceived social mobility and justified the system, the less willing they were to help others in need, and this was especially true for those who thought the current economic system was fair and legitimate. Thus, while greater perceived social mobility is related to increased personal well‐being through justification of the sociopolitical system, it predicts less desire to help others due to increased support of the economic status quo.
The construction of world-class Bay makes the marine ecology in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area in risk. Based on the DPSIR index framework, Lotka-Volterra symbiosis model is applied to ...calculate symbiosis degree between coastal socio-economic system and marine ecosystem in 9 coastal cities. It is found that the marine ecological pressure in this area have not been reversed in recent 20 years. Most cities are in the stage that socio-economic development and marine ecological damage coexist. In Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Dongguan and Zhongshan, the damaged marine ecology has begun to restrain the further expansion of economy and society. The massive population agglomeration in Hong Kong, Macao and other places has caused serious marine ecological stress. It is urgent to improve the marine ecological security by cultivating ecological industrial system and industrial clusters, establishing a land-sea ecological restoration, promoting joint-protection and co-governance across different administrative regions.
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•Relationship between coastal socio-economic system and marine ecosystem was revealed.•The marine ecological security was evaluated by Lotka-Volterra symbiosis model.•DPSIR system was constructed with marine ecological, economic, and social indicators.•Suggestions for improving marine ecology in the Greater Bay Area were proposed.
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