Atmospheric ice takes a wide range of fascinating forms, all beautiful in their own ways but many posing severe risk to the security of overhead networks for electric power, communications and other ...systems. This comprehensive book documents the fundamentals of atmospheric icing and surveys the state of the art in eight chapters, each written by a team of experienced and internationally renowned experts. The treatment is detailed and richly illustrated. The presentation follows a logical sequence, starting with the icing climate and meteorological conditions, proceeding through development of observations and models of accretion and release of ice and heavy snow, then considering static and dynamic mechanical loads, the effects of ice and snow on electrical insulation, de-icing, ice prevention and mitigation methods. The statistical analysis of icing data and the mathematical and numerical modelling support appropriate mechanical and electrical design processes for icing conditions on overhead lines. Technical specialists, researchers and students in engineering and environmental science will all find value throughout the text.
EHV AC Undergrounding Electrical Power discusses methods of analysis for cable performance and for the behaviour of cable, mixed and overhead lines.The authors discuss the undergrounding of ...electrical power and develop procedures based on the standard equations of transmission lines. They also provide technical and economical comparisons of a variety of cables and analysis methods, in order to examine the performance of AC power transmission systems. A range of topics are covered, including: energization and de-energization phenomena of transmission lines, power quality, and cable safety constraints."EHV AC Undergrounding Electrical Power" is a guide to cable insertion planning and the operation of power networks. It will enable readers to make performance comparisons between power transmission systems, which will be valuable for postgraduates, as well as engineers involved in power cable manufacturing or electrical transmission systems.
Power-Lined Wuebben, Daniel L
2019, 2019-07-01
eBook
The proliferation of electric communication and power networks have drawn wires through American landscapes like vines through untended gardens since 1844. But these wire networks are more than ...merely the tools and infrastructure required to send electric messages and power between distinct places; the iconic lines themselves send powerful messages. The wiry webs above our heads and the towers rhythmically striding along the horizon symbolize the ambiguous effects of widespread industrialization and the shifting values of electricity and landscape in the American mind.  In  Power-Lined Daniel L. Wuebben weaves together personal narrative, historical research, cultural analysis, and social science to provide a sweeping investigation of the varied influence of overhead wires on the American landscape and the American mind. Wuebben shows that overhead wires—from Morse’s telegraph to our high-voltage grid—not only carry electricity between American places but also create electrified spaces that signify and complicate notions of technology, nature, progress, and, most recently, renewable energy infrastructure. Power-Lined exposes the subtle influences wrought by the wiring of the nation and shows that, even in this age of wireless devices, perceptions of overhead lines may be key in progressing toward a more sustainable energy future.     
Characterization of the electrical environment Bodle, David W; Ghazi, Axel J; Syed, Moinuddin ...
Characterization of the electrical environment,
1976, 20150529, 2019, 1976, 2014, 1976-12-15
eBook
Characterization of the Electrical Environmentis a current reference on the design factors required to ensure reliable performance of communication facilities under field operating conditions.
This guide enables readers to pinpoint the location of a fault on power lines following a disturbance. It covers all aspects of protective relaying and automation from both the design and application ...standpoints.
Power Electronics in Smart Electrical Energy Networks introduces a new viewpoint on power electronics, re-thinking the basic philosophy governing electricity distribution systems. The proposed ...concept fully exploits the potential advantages of renewable energy sources and distributed generation (DG), which should not only be connected but also fully integrated into the distribution system in order to increase the efficiency, flexibility, safety, reliability and quality of the electricity and the networks. The transformation of current electricity grids into smart (resilient and interactive) networks necessitates the development, propagation and demonstration of key enabling cost-competitive technologies. A must-read for professionals in power engineering and utility industries, and researchers and postgraduates in distributed electrical power systems, the book presents the features, solutions and applications of the power electronics arrangements useful for future smart electrical energy networks.
•A general charging scheduling problem for an electric bus fleet, which can be used a building block of more complex electric bus system planning or operations problems.•Time-based charging windows, ...battery state-of-charge bounds, time-of-use charging tariffs, and station-specific electricity load capacities considered.•A mixed linear integer programming model with charging location and time decisions specified by location-specific charging time slots.•A Lagrangian relaxation framework for decomposing the fleet charging scheduling problem by individual buses.•A bi-criterion dynamic programming algorithm for each single-bus charging scheduling subproblem.
Electrification poses a promising low-carbon or even zero-carbon transportation solution, serving as a strategic approach to reducing carbon emissions and promoting carbon neutrality in the transportation sector. Along the transportation electrification pathway, the goal of carbon neutrality can be further accelerated with an increasing amount of electricity being generated from renewable energies. The past decade observed the rapid development of battery technologies and deployment of electricity infrastructure worldwide, fostering transportation electrification to expand from railways to light and then heavy vehicles on roadways. In China, a massive number of electric buses have been employed and operated in dozens of metropolises. An important daily operations issue with these urban electric buses is how to coordinate their charging activities in a cost-effective manner, considering various physical, financial, institutional, and managerial constraints.
This paper addresses a general charging scheduling problem for an electric bus fleet operated across multiple bus lines and charging depots and terminals, aiming at finding an optimal set of charging location and time decisions given the available charging windows. The charging windows for each bus are predetermined in terms of its layovers at depots and terminals and each of them is discretized into a number of charging slots with the same time duration. A mixed linear integer programming model with binary charging slot choice and continuous state-of-charge (SOC) variables is constructed for minimizing the total charging cost of the bus fleet subject to individual electricity consumption rates, electricity charging rates, time-based charging windows, battery SOC bounds, time-of-use (TOU) charging tariffs, and station-specific electricity load capacities. A Lagrangian relaxation framework is employed to decouple the joint charging schedule of a bus fleet into a number of independent single-bus charging schedules, which can be efficiently addressed by a bi-criterion dynamic programming algorithm. A real-world regional electric bus fleet of 122 buses in Shanghai, China is selected for validating the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed charging scheduling model and algorithm. The optimization results numerically reveal the impacts of TOU tariffs, station load capacities, charging infrastructure configurations, and battery capacities on the bus system performance as well as individual recharging behaviors, and justify the superior solution efficiency of our algorithm against a state-of-the-art commercial solver.
Heavy snowfalls represent some of the most serious hazard for transmission and distribution grids because they trigger the formation of sleeves on overhead power lines whose loads may cause outages ...and, consequently, prolonged disruptions of the energy supply. In order to provide useful information in planning and decision making to cope with wet snow impacts and strength the resilience of the Italian transmission network, some future climate projections about the occurrences of wet snow events and the related loads on overhead power lines were elaborated for different 20-year periods until 2100 by using 12 high-resolution Euro-CORDEX models (spatial resolution of ∼12 km) under the two different emission pathways RCP8.5 (without mitigation) and RCP4.5 (with moderate reductions of greenhouse gases emission). In addition, the reanalysis dataset MERIDA OI was used to bias-correct the climate models as well as to implement a methodology aimed to estimate climatic wet snow scenarios, by the use of a wet snow accretion model on power lines. The results were validated comparing them with wet snow loads observed at the Vinadio WILD station (Italy) and with the recorded failures in energy supply during some serious wet snow events occurred in Italy. Referring to Extreme Value Analysis, probability maps of wet snow loads exceeding some infrastructural hazard thresholds were estimated by means of the “Generalized Extreme Values” distributions, assuming a stationary climate in each 20-year period. In order not to have to assume climate stationarity, two new frequency indices were calculated directly from the outputs of the models, and the Wilcoxon test was applied to investigate the statistical significant of the trends, as well the agreement among the models to test the robustness of the results. In both methods the results point out relatively complex patterns of climate change effects: wet snow events will generally decrease in frequency and intensity at medium-low altitude, particularly under RCP8.5 pathway where projections highlight a sharply reduction of the events, as rainfalls will prevail over snowfalls due to global warming. But, by the end of the Century, wet snow events are likely to intensify over high Apennine and Alpine regions so far spared because of their historical cold temperatures. Finally, the evolution of wet snow events was investigated and tested more specifically for some mountain sites.
•Climatic model describing wet snow accretion on overhead conductors is developed.•Future scenarios point out a wet snow decrease at low-mid altitudes.•Future scenarios indicate an increase in wet snow locally at high altitudes.•Two new indices are defined to overcome Extreme Value Analysis limits.•WSLD and WSLF indices well describe the frequency of extreme wet snow events.
Inspection and Monitoring Technologies of Transmission Lines with Remote Sensing helps readers build a thorough understanding of new technologies and world-class practices developed by the State Grid ...Corporation of China—the organization responsible for the world's largest power distribution network. Monitoring the operational status of high-voltage transmission lines is critical in supply assurance and continuity. Given the physical size, geographical, and climate variances that transmission lines are subject to, remote sensing and inspection is a critical technology for power distribution organizations. This reference covers current and developing technologies, equipment, and methods for the safe and secure operation and maintenance of transmission lines, including satellite remote sensing technology, infrared and ultraviolet detection technology, helicopter inspection technology, and condition monitoring technology. * Covers operational and technical principles, and equipment used in transmission line inspection and monitoring, with a focus on remote sensing technologies and solutions * Covers power line fundamentals, remote sensing technologies, inspection technologies, fault detection technologies, and on-line monitoring * Focuses on practical equipment and systems parameters to ensure readers are able to meet operational needs * Covers control technologies that ensure safe and consistent transmission operation
