Endivija (
Cichorium endivia
L.) je povrtna vrsta čije se potrebite količine sjemena u Hrvatskoj svake godine povećavaju zbog sve većeg broja vrtlara hobista. Posljednjih nekoliko godina u ...laboratorijima za kontrolu kvalitete poljoprivrednog sjemena zapaženo je da sjeme endivije neovisno o sorti ima nisku energiju klijanja i klijavost. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati navedene pokazatelje kvalitete sjemena endivije različitim metodama koje se koriste kod ispitivanja klijavosti povrtnih kultura. Korištena je metoda na filtar- papiru s četiri tretmana 1) vlaženje podloge destiliranom vodom, 2) vlaženje podloge 0,2%-tnom otopinom KNO3, 3) prethodno hlađenje + vlaženje podloge destiliranom vodom, 4) prethodno hlađenje + vlaženje podloge 0,2%-tnom otopinom KNO3. Ispitivanje je provedeno u laboratoriju za kontrolu kvalitete poljoprivrednog reprodukcijskog materijala Visokog gospodarskoga učilišta u Križevcima. Nakon provedenog ispitivanja rezultati pokazuju da su najvišu energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena imali uzorci kod kojih je korišten predtretman prethodno hlađenje i destilirana voda, a značajno nižu energiju i klijavost sjemena imali su uzorci kod kojih je korištena metoda vlaženja podloge s 0,2%-tnom otopinom KNO3.
Endive (
Cichorium endivia
L.) is a vegetable species whose needs for seed quantity increase each year due to the growing number of hobby gardeners. Furthermore, in the last few years, it has been observed in control laboratories for seed quality that endive, regardless of its variety, has low germination energy and seed germination. The aim of this study is to examine the germination energy and seed germination of endive applying various methods used in the examination of vegetable species. The study was conducted in the laboratory for quality control of agricultural reproductive material at Križevci College of Agriculture. Energy and seed germination were tested by a four-treatment paper filter method. The first two treatments were comprised of wetting the substrate with distilled water and 0,2% KNO3, while the other two treatments were a combination of both, along with a prior pre-cooling treatment. The highest seed germination and germination energy was evidenced in samples using pretreatment pre-cooling and distilled water, while samples that were treated with a 0,2% KNO3 wetting method, as prescribed by the Ordinance of sampling methods and seed quality testing (OG 99/08) showed significantly lower energy and seed germination. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the best method for testing germination energy and seed germination was the paper filter method with wetting of the substrate with distilled water and applying precooling as a pre-treatment.
We propose a modified design of a microstrip patch array antenna for RF energy optimization over 2.45 GHz WLAN communication applications. Initially, a one-patch and a two-patch array antennas were ...developed and considered as the base for the construction of a four-patch array antenna in the GSM 1800 frequency range. The energy usage by the WLAN application model includes a radiofrequency WLAN supply, a wireless connection, the proposed array antenna, impedance network matching, a voltage rectifier and a storage circuit that achieves higher efficiency. The proposed antenna design is utilized to examine the distance effect on the received RF power and it achieves the maximum efficiency of 47 % at 2.45 GHz at a 1-meter distance from the source. Improved gain is acquired at the expense of a greater array-antenna size with a -26 dB return loss, proving that it is much more efficient than other structures. Moreover, when experimentally analysed with HFSS, it delivers sufficient energy over WLAN applications.
Introduction/purpose: The Laplacian energy (LE) is the sum of absolute values of the terms μi-2m/n, where μi, i=1,2,…,n, are the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the graph G with n vertices and ...m edges. In 2006, another quantity Z was introduced, based on Laplacian eigenvalues, which was also named „Laplacian energy“. Z is the sum of squares of Laplacian eigenvalues. The aim of this work is to establish relations between LE and Z. Results: Lower and upper bounds for LE are deduced, in terms of Z. Conclusion: The paper contributes to the Laplacian spectral theory and the theory of graph energies. It is shown that, as a rough approximation, LE is proportional to the tem (Z-4m2/n)1/2. / Введение/цель: Энергия Лапласа (LE) представляет собой сумму абсолютных значений μi-2m/n, где μi, i=1,2,...,n являются собственными значениями G графы матрицы Лапласа с вершинами n и ребром m. В 2006 году была введена величина Z, основанная на характерных значениях Лапласа, которая получила название «Лапласова энергия». Z – это сумма квадратов собственных значений Лапласа. Целью данной работы является установление соотношений между LE и Z. Результаты: Нижняя и верхняя границы для LE выводятся из функции Z. Выводы: Статья способствует спектральной теории Лапласа и теории энергии графов. В грубой аппроксимации было показано, что LE пропорциональна (Z-4m2/n)1/2. / Uvod/cilj: Laplasova energija (LE) jeste suma apsolutnih vrednosti pojmova mi -2m/n, gde su mi , i=1,2,...,n, sopstvene vrednosti Laplasove matrice grafa G sa n vrhova i m ivica. Godine 2006. uvedena je druga veličina Z, zasnovana na Laplasovim svojstvenim vrednostima, koja je takođe nazvana "Laplasova energija". Z je suma kvadrata Laplasovih svojstvenih vrednosti. Cilj ovog rada je nalaženje odnosa između LE i Z. Rezultati: Donja i gornja granica za LE određene su kao funkcije od Z. Zaključak: Rad doprinosi Laplasovoj spektralnoj teoriji i teoriji energije grafova. Pokazano je da je, kao gruba aproksimacija, LE proporcionalna sa (Z-4m2 /n)1/2.
The author of this paper, using modern backcasting methodology, which is intended for development planning, created original EnergovisionMB software, which can help investigate possible development ...scenarios in the energy sector and sustainable development, and tested it on several examples of good practice. With the help of this software, the author has created three possible scenarios for the energy future of the Republic of Serbia, depending on the quality and mass implementation of the energy efficiency program. The obtained results show that if the competent institutions of the Republic of Serbia do not start seriously implementing the existing development tools in all sectors of economy and society, it will face with energy and environmental collapse in 50-60 years.
An "energy" of translation theory Litwin, Maciej
Translation studies,
01/2021, Letnik:
ahead-of-print, Številka:
ahead-of-print
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Jan Januszowski's (1550-1613) theoretical comment on his Latin-Polish translation of a treaty by Basil Bessarion contains original conceptualizations, notably a specific notion of "energy" of the ...Latin discourse. This word appears to evoke a conceptualization of a language economy attributed to Latin scholarly writing. But in the specific case of Januszowski's bilingual edition of the work the lexical prop is also designed to house an augmented vision of translation discussions which interlaces the material and the spiritual in a singular manner. A translation of Januszowski's theory into the modern idiom of translation studies offers an opportunity to appreciate an older theoretical view for its economy of dealing with language phenomena. This connects with the present moment of translation studies discussions: at the deepest level, the turn to materiality in translation theory revalorizes an economy of discussions about language that is both more modern and more ancient.
Istraživanje utjecaja temperature (konstantna 20°C i izmjenljiva 20-30°C) i tretmana sjemena (NaOCl, M-metalaksil, karboksin+tiram i netretirano sjeme kao kontrola) na energiju klijanja, klijavost i ...zdravstveno stanje sjemena provedeno je u laboratorijskim uvjetima na sjemenu paprike sorte Slavonka. Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajan učinak temperature, tretmana i njihove interakcije na energiju klijanja sjemena paprike, dok kod klijavosti sjemena tretmani nisu pokazali signifikantne razlike. Najveća energija klijanja bila je u karboksin+tiram tretmanu kod izmjenljive temperature (76%). Statistički značajan učinak temperature, tretmana i njihove interakcije utvrđen je za razvoj fitopatogenih gljiva Alternaria spp, Cladosporium sp. i Penicillium sp. Za razvoj Fusarium spp. temperature nisu pokazale statistički značajnu razliku, kao niti interakcija temperature i tretmana za razvoj Aspergillus spp. Na temelju naših rezultata možemo zaključiti da se učinkovitim tretmanima može poboljšati kvaliteta sjemena i smanjiti količina fungicida potrebnih za suzbijanje bolesti sjemena.
The book (' The Energy Needs Of Humanity Through Time: From The Industrial Revolution To Type I Civilization') is about global consumption of energy and its impact on our planet. Energy demand is a ...quite dynamic phenomenon and depends heavily on technological development, which is particularly evident during industrial revolutions, which had improved the quality of life for the inhabitants, but lead to increase in energy consumption. However~the economic progress did not account for tangible physical limits of our planet, which manifested in rise in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and a rapid increase in average annual global temperature. The consequences of this type of behavior are clear – future global warming, rising sea levels and direct threat to vast, low-lying areas, as well as a rapid increase in the number and consequences of extreme weather events such as storms, prolonged rainfall, and the like. A path toward less energy intense future requires rapid reductions of fossil fuels usage but also a radical shift towards larger energy efficiency. The book is intended as a source of key data showing how we have arrived at the current state of energy consumption and understanding of climate change.
Energija mora kao jedan od najmanje iskorištenih obnovljivih izvora energije zahtjeva više pažnje u znanstvenom i stručnom smislu. Ovaj rad daje sažeti pregled potencijala energije mora, te ...različitih vrsta i principa rada različitih uređaja za iskorištavanje energije valova u kojoj je sadržana najveća količina neiskorištenog potencijala energije mora.
Ovaj rad daje sažeti pregled korištenja solarne energije u RH poglavito u priobalnom području. Izneseno je sadašnje stanje eksploatacije solarne energije, te buduće projekcije korištenja ovog ...obnovljivog izvora energije.
Gospodarstvo zasnovano na vodiku sinonim je za održivi energetski sustav u
kojemu čisti vodik zamjenjuje fosilna goriva – ugljikovodike. Da bi tako zasnovano
gospodarstvo bilo uspješno i održivo, ...vodik je potrebno proizvoditi korištenjem
obnovljivih izvora energije. Jedan od načina koji se preporuča je proizvodnja vodika
procesom elektrolizom vode korištenjem sunčeve energije. U zadnjih 10 – ak
godina velika su ulaganja u razvoj tehnologija za dobivanje električne energije iz
obnovljivih izvora energije što zahtijeva razumijevanje tih sustava. Sunčeva energija,
odnosno tehnologija koja koristi sunčevu energiju, iako s relativno niskim
stupnjem učinkovitosti, ima ogroman prostor za razvoj. Nadalje, implementacija
sunčeve tehnologije (direktna pretvorba sunčeve u električnu energiju) obuhvaća
tržište u vrlo širokim razmjerima. Budući fotonaponski članci mogu proizvoditi
energiju samo danju kada ima sunčevog ozračenja, proizvedenu energiju potrebno
je pohraniti i koristiti po noći. Postojeća tehnologija pohrane električne energije
je nedovoljno razvijena i vrlo često skupa što predstavlja bitno ograničenje.
U tom kontekstu, kao rješenje pohrane energije, razvija se tehnologija vodika s
naglaskom na proizvodnji vodika korištenjem obnovljivih izvora energije s primjenom
bilo u mobilnim (transport) bilo u stacionarnim (podrška) sustavima.
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