The purpose of this study was to investigate the game-related statistics in the Play-Off and Final Four rounds of the Euroleague basketball competitions held between 2014 and 2018. In the study, the ...game-related statistics of 60 teams that participated in the Euroleague Play-Off and Final Four rounds between 2014 and 2018 were evaluated. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the game-related statistics of the two groups. The linear discriminant analysis was used to determine the important game-related statistics between the teams that qualified and those that were eliminated. The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the game-related statistics of the two groups in the Play-Off competitions. This difference was seen in the free throw percentage, fouls committed, and performance efficiency scores. As a result of the discriminant analysis, it was found that foul, three-point field-goal percentage, performance efficiency score, turnover, free-throw percentage, and two-point field-goal percentage are important game-related statistics in qualifying the Play-Off round. When the game-related statistics of the two groups in the Final Four were compared, it was seen that only three-point field-goal percentage was an effective variable in becoming the champion. According to the results of the discriminant analysis, turnover, defensive rebound, and total rebound are important game-related statistics to being an Euroleague champion. In conclusion, it is thought that being the Euroleague champion in the Euroleague, it is necessary to have a lower number of turnovers and a defensive game.
Basketball competitions are among the most watched sports activities in the world. With the developing technology, statistics of the games and players of basketball can be stored more easily, so ...artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning can be used for decision making and prediction. While there are studies on American leagues and especially the NBA on the predictions of the results of basketball competitions, the number of studies on European leagues in this regard is insufficient. In this study, for the first time in the literature, EuroLeague matches have been evaluated with the hybrid of Four Factors and DefenseOfense models together and then machine learning methods have been applied for the prediction of game results. Accordingly, the matches played between the seasons of 2012–2013 and 2016–2017 have been used as 5 different data sets. New features have been extracted using with Four Factors and DefenseOfense models together and 8 different feature models have been obtained. Then, machine learning methods such as kNN, Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, Naive Bayes, j48 and Voting have been used and the results have been discussed. Finally, 98.90% prediction success has been achieved with the Multilayer Perceptron method by using Dataset 5 and Model 6.
Basketball is characterized by a set of alternating offensive and defensive phases generally limited by the change in ball possession, also known as conversion. The aim of this research was to ...evaluate the difference in offensive types between the winning and losing, noting the variance in game result. A sample composed of 2607 entities representing basketball offense was collected by random selection of 15 Euroleague playoff games. The collected data were processed by the Match Analysis System, and the offense was classified into three basic types: set, transition, and early offense. With nearly equal opponents there is evident a high dynamic balance of transitions, set offenses, as well as other forms of offense, therefore the initial results showed no statistical difference in the distribution and success of offensive forms between opponents in balanced matches. There is significant change evident when focusing on the game periods with the highest point differential. In these periods the winning teams showed above 20% more fast breaks, which is proved to be the most effective type of offense, in addition to significantly better 2-point and 3-point shooting efficiency during set plays. Even though the losing team in balanced matches successfully controlled most of the game, and perhaps even outplayed the opponent, the identified critical intervals (“scoring runs”) proved to be a decisive factor in the final outcome of the game.
The aim of this research was to determine whether there are differences in the shooting distribution and efficiency between the ABA basketball league and the Euroleague within the 2018/2019 regular ...part of the season. The research sample was represented by the teams participating in the ABA League (12 teams) and the Euroleague (16 teams) in the 2018/2019 season. The regular part of the season was organized in a two-round league system for both leagues, where 264 games were played within the ABA league, and 480 games in the Euroleague. Based on the results obtained using the T-test for independent samples, it was noticed that there are statistically significant differences in 3 point shots from the central position (p<0.000), 2 point shots from the central position (p<0.000), and within the key (p=0.002), and when it comes to the shooting efficiency, significant differences appear in the 3 point position on the left side (p=0.010) and the right corner (p=0.041), as well as for 2 points inside the key (p=0.001). Analyzing the percentage of shooting efficiency, it is clear that Euroleague teams have a higher quality compared to teams from the ABA league, which is in line with previous research where it is indicated that 2-point shots are one of the most important factors for a team's success in competition. Euroleague teams take most of the shots from the key in relation to other positions, as well as ABA teams, while the level of efficiency is reversed. Considering that in both leagues, the largest number of shots was taken from the key, it can be concluded that the number of shot attempts is a more important factor than efficiency when it comes to success in competition.
The aim of this study was to determine if there were any structural differences in relation to offensive style of play between European and NBA basketball. The focus of the study was on types of ...offenses, their distribution, efficiency, and finishing actions. The sample was collected by analyzing 30 games of high qualitative rank of the European and American competition during the 2017-18 season. 15 European (11 Euroleague playoff games, 3 Eur°Cup semifinals and finals, 1 Champions League final) and 15 NBA playoff games were analyzed using video analysis software. The games involved 14 different European teams and 16 NBA teams. A total of 5027 possessions were categorized into 4 types of basic offense and 11 types of finishing actions using notational analysis. The analysis was performed using Sideline Sports - XPS Video Analyzer, where the following findings stand out: a) The results of the Chi2-test confirmed a statistically significant difference in the distribution of basic types of offenses between European and NBA basketball; b) European basketball had significantly more finishing actions of pick and roll and post up, whereas in the NBA 1v1 face to the basket occurred significantly more; c) No statistical significant difference in efficiency, except that pick and roll is executed for significantly higher points per possession in European basketball. The main conclusions of this study reveal differences in the basic offensive structure, regarding transition, early offense, set plays, and other offenses. Additionally, differences were found in the preference of the use of finishing actions in the two styles of play. European basketball is based more on set plays and control with significantly more use of pick and roll. American basketball relies significantly more on transition and early offense with significantly more use of one-on-one situations facing the basket. The study can help understand the nature of differences between two analyzed models of professional basketball and to establish specific structures that can be interpreted and evaluated constructively and used practicably and prospectively in coaching and other professional practices related to basketball.
Euroleague is one of the most popular professional indoor sports leagues in the world. It is globally ranked as the fifth-highest professional indoor sports league and the second-highest professional ...basketball league, just trailing behind the National Basketball Association (NBA). The objective of this study was to determine which game-related statistics can assist in predicting the team that will qualify for the next rounds of the Euroleague. The data used in the study were obtained from each team’s official average box score on the Euroleague website for 2010-2017. The datasets were arranged into two groups depending on the qualification of the teams into the subsequent round. Discriminant analysis was applied to find the game-related statistics that better contribute to qualifying for the next round. A three-point field-goal percentage was considered to be an essential variable in every round. However, it was also observed that, contrary to expectations, offensive rebounds had a negative effect in the final four rounds. It is recommended these results be used to plan the team strategies and the player strategies accordingly in a long-term and demanding tournament like Euroleague.
In this study, we analyse the marginal contribution of team level game statistics to the probability of winning a basketball game at various competitive levels considering data from 14 seasons of the ...Euroleague. Different from the existing literature, we directly compute the marginal contribution of producing one more unit of each game statistic than the opponent to the probability of winning. We also differentiate our analysis over three stages of the Euroleague season that exhibit distinct levels of competitiveness. Results suggest sizeable differences in terms of contribution of game statistics across different levels of competition. As better performing teams advance, marginal contributions of game actions, especially defensive rebounding, assists, turnovers and shooting accuracy are considerably greater in absolute terms at more competitive stages. The most striking effect, however, is related to turnovers. While registering one turnover more than the opponent reduces the probability to win by 13% during the regular season (less competitive stage) and by 17% during Top-16 (the second competitive stage), it reduces the probability to win by 41% at the Play-offs stage (more competitive stage). Such a large impact may alter training and coaching strategies.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clearly outline the practicalities of designing and implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) through sport programmes via stakeholder involvement ...theory by an international governing body operating across Europe’s multicultural setting. The concept of CSR and the use of sport to achieve the objectives of CSR have become common buzzwords. Within CSR, most of the academic literature, or research, has focused on defining or framing CSR through sport particularly discussing the implementation or staging of CSR activities by both sporting and non-sporting organisations. However, not much has been done regarding the practicalities of designing CSR programmes by employing stakeholder involvement theory and conducting of a thorough needs analysis before programme deployment. Design/methodology/approach – This explorative study is based on participatory action research informed by international sport-for-development experiences. A qualitative approach was adopted in assessing the application of stakeholder involvement theory (Morsing and Schultz, 2006) in programme design and assessment of the target group’s needs. Findings – The old CSR approach was fragmented and lacked integration into local area needs. The new CSR approach ensures that community needs are reflected in CSR activities. The delivery of CSR by Euroleague Basketball professional clubs secures a licence to operate through joined-up approaches with mainstream partner agencies. These social partnerships instil a sense of community ownership of One Team Basketball projects. Originality/value – This paper draws on lessons learnt from international sport-for-development sector where stakeholder involvement is vital for deploying development-through-sport initiatives. The paper addresses aspects which constitute sustainable developmental approaches in communities using sport CSR as a vehicle for change.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Osnovni je cilj ovom istraživanju utvrditi karakteristike i razlike u strukturi napada između europske i američke vrhunske košarke. ...Preduvjet ostvarenju cilja predstavlja preciznooperacionalno definiranje faze napada i komprimirajućih strukturnih elemenata.Karakteristike europskoga i američkog sustava igre, a potom i međusobne razlike, utvrđene sucjelovitim vrednovanjem košarkaškog napada, što podrazumijeva determinaciju vrste napada,oblika njegova početka i ishoda te evaluaciju njegova trajanja, uz broj dodavanja i analizu završne akcije. Tretiranjem faze napada kao entiteta, notacijskom analizom obrađeno je 5 718 entiteta dobivenih iz uzorka od 30 slučajno odabranih utakmica završnog doigravanja FIBA iNBA natjecanja (15 utakmica Eurolige, n = 2604; 15 utakmica NBA lige, n = 3114) u sezoni2010./11. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata utvrđeno je da pozicijski napadi čine 66 68% ukupnihnapada u košarci. Izrazita zastupljenost i podložnost taktičkog uvježbavanja ovog napada naglašava esencijalnu orijentiranost pri situacijskoj pripremi u košarci. Pozicijski je napad vremenski najdulja vrsta napada (traje u prosjeku 15 s) i sadržava najveći broj dodavanja(3,5), s omjerom efikasnosti od 45% negativnih, 37 40% pozitivnih i 15 19% neutralnihishoda, što rezultira koeficijent iskoristivosti između 0,81-0,85. Raspodjela pozicijskog napada pokazuje visoku dominaciju napada na obranu čovjek na čovjeka 96,3% uEuroligi i logičnih 99,3% u NBA ligi s obzirom na propisano ograničenje zonske obrane uovom sustavu natjecanja.Tranzicijski napadi u vrhunskoj košarci sačinjavaju 15 20% ukupnih napada.Posebno je bitan podatak da ti napadi imaju najveću moć iskoristivosti (1,05 1,07), pri čemu omjer učinkovitosti bilježi 48 51% pozitivnih, 35 37% negativnih i 12 17% neutralnih ishoda pa se time nameće težnja za stvaranjem što većeg broja protunapada. Rezimirajući modalitete protunapada ističe se da su primarni tranzicijski napadi vremenski najkraći,sadržavaju najmanje dodavanja i s najvećom su potencijalom iskoristivošću. Sekundarni se protunapadi ističu jedino po niskoj efikasnosti u usporedbi trima modalitetima. Rani napadi imaju najdulji tijek trajanja i prezentiraju najveći broj dodavanja. Metodološkom obradom testirano je 11 hipoteza o eventualnim razlikama u strukturnim obilježjima napada između europske i američke košarke. Prije svega treba spomenuti da su utvrđene brojne sličnosti. Promatrani sustavi košarkaške igre otkrivaju podjednaku dinamičnost u ritmu igre, ujednačenost u trajanju svih vrsta napada, visoku dominaciju pozicijskog napada na obranu čovjek na čovjeka i proporcionalnu unutarnjuraspodjelu tranzicijskih napada.Američka vrhunska košarka statistički se značajno razlikuje od europske općenito boljim mjerama ishoda napada, većom zastupljenošću tranzicijskih napada, boljom iskoristivošću primarnih protunapada, većom frekventnošću početaka napada jednim od oblika osvajanja lopte i uspješnijom realizacijom pri osvojenoj lopti, višim vrijednostima pozitivnih i negativnih ishoda u pozicijskom i tranzicijskom napadu. Pri tome primarnu vrstu ishoda obilježava šut za dva poena i veća zastupljenost završnih akcija napadača: 1 na 1 licem prema košu, realizacije bez otkrivanja i neznatno veće zastupljenosti oblicima: "pick andpop", otkrivanje, šut nakon primljenog bloka i nakon uručenja lopte. Europsku vrhunsku košarku u usporedbi s američkom statistički značajno obilježava više pozicijskih napada i napada koji pripadaju kategoriji "ostali napadi", zatim veća zastupljenost pozicijskih napada na zonsku obranu, brojniji počeci napada ubacivanjem lopteizvan graničnih linija terena, veća zastupljenost ishoda napada pri čemu je zadržan posjedlopte (neutralnih ishoda), općenito veća prisutnost šuta za tri poena (u pozicijskome itranzicijskom stanju napada), prezentacija većeg broja dodavanja u pozicijskom i tranzicijskom napadu i više završnih akcija napadača: "pick and roll"-om, 1 na 1 leđima prema košu i šutom nakon skoka u napadu. Nabrojene razlike poglavito se pripisuju razlikama u apliciranim pravilima unutarpromatranih sustava igre. Specifičnosti košarkaške igre kontinentalnih područja indikativno semogu tumačiti i distinktnim načinom učenja i treniranja košarke koji je usklađen s raspoloživim antropološkim profilom košarkaša, ali i kao posljedica svojevrsnoga kulturnoga, društvenog i ekonomskog tretmana vrhunskoga sporta.- The primary aim of this research is to determine the characteristics and differences inthe offense structure between the European and American professional basketball. Aprerequisite to achieving the goal is providing a precise operational definition of offensivephase and compressing structural elements. Characteristics of the European and Americanstyles of play, and then the differences between them, have been established via comprehensive evaluation of basketball offense that involves determination of the type ofoffense, the forms of its beginning and outcomes and evaluation of its duration, the number of passes and analysis of the finishing action. Treating the offensive phase as an entity, 5 718entities have been processed by notational analysis from obtained sample of 30 randomlyselected games played during the final playoffs stages in FIBA and NBA leagues (15Euroleague games, n = 2604; 15 NBA games, n = 3114) played in 2010/2011 season.Based on the obtained results it was determined that set offense constitutes 66 68%of total offenses in basketball. This specific representation and susceptibility of tacticaltraining of that type of offense highlights the essential orientation during situationalpreparation in basketball. Set offense is the longest type of offense (the average durationamounts to 15 s), contains the largest number of passes (3.5), with efficiency ratio of 45%negative, 37 40% positive and 15 19% neutral outcomes which results in a coefficientbetween 0.81 and 0.85. The distribution of set offense indicates a high dominance of man toman defense 96.3% in the Euroleague and, logically, 99.3% in the NBA in regard to regulation rule that limits the zone defense in that competition system.Transitional offense in professional basketball constitutes 15 20% of all offenses. Itis especially important to note that this type of offense has the highest efficiency (1.05 1.07)with efficiency ratio of 48 51% positive, 35 37% negative and 12 17% neutral outcomes.Logically it imposes the tendency towards the creation of as many counter-attacks as possible. Summarizing the modalities of counter-attacks it is emphasized that the primary transitionaloffense is the shortest in the terms of duration, contains the fewest passes with the highestpotential effectiveness. Secondary counter-attacks stand out only in the term of low efficiencybetween the three modalities compared. Early offenses have the longest duration and containthe highest number of passes. Methodological processing has been used to test 11 hypotheses regarding possibledifferences in the structural characteristics of offense between the European and American basketball. First of all it should be mentioned that numerous similarities have beendetermined. Studied basketball systems point to: equal dynamism in the rhythm of the game,balanced duration of all types of offenses, evident high prevalence of set offense against mandefense and proportional allocation of internal distribution of transitional offenses. American professional basketball is significantly different from the European inoverall better measures of offense outcomes, higher representation of transitional offense,better utilization of primary counter-attacks, greater representation of starting the offense withone of the forms of stealing the ball as well as more successful utilization of steals, higherfrequency of the 2-point shot execution and greater representation of positive and negativeoutcomes in set and transitional offense. This style of basketball also showed a higherfrequency of the finishing actions 1 on 1 facing the basket and shot without getting openwhile there is insignificantly higher representation of the forms: "pick-and-pop", cut, handoffand a shot after receiving a screen.European professional basketball, when compared to the American professional basketball, contains significantly more set offenses and offenses that fall into the category of"other offenses", furthermore, greater representation of set offenses against the zone defense,the higher presence of offenses beginning with inbounding the ball, higher frequency ofretained ball possessions (neutral outcomes), generally greater representation of 3-point shots(in set and transitional offenses both), representation of a higher number of passes in set andtransitional offense and a greater representation of finishing actions: "pick and roll", 1 on 1facing away from the basket and shots after offensive rebounds (put backs).It is considered that the aforementioned differences are mainly a consequence ofvariances in applied rules within the observed systems. Specifics of the game of basketball inobserved continental areas may be indicatively explained by the distinct ways of teaching andtraining basketball that is compliant with common anthropological profile of basketball players, but also as a result of a kind of different cultural, social and economic treatment of professional sport.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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