A novel method for delivering the systemic insecticide acephate was tested with chrysanthemums and gerbera daisies. The method involves applying the insecticide to the interior surface of plant pots ...in paint. Two paints were tested, a latex paint and SpinOut, a paint already in use for controlling plant growth. The SpinOut used lacked the cupric hydroxide component used to limit root elongation. Acephate, in the form of Orthene WPS, was applied to the pots in two separate experiments. The first was a dose-response experiment with four rates (0, 5, 15, and 25
mg/pot) to test the efficacy of acephate in paint using caged melon aphids on chrysanthemum plants conducted over a 23 day period. In this experiment Orthene in paint was also compared with a granular acephate formulation, Pinpoint 15G. The second was conducted on gerbera over 60 days and tested the efficacy of Orthene-painted pots in controlling caged melon aphids and free-flying western flower thrips and silverleaf whiteflies. In this experiment 5 rates (0, 8, 41.25, 82.5, and 165
mg/pot) of Orthene were used. In both experiments the efficacy of Orthene was compared with that of the standard rate of Pinpoint (165
mg/pot). In addition to efficacy, a marketability score of the plants and the phytotoxic effects of the two formulations were compared. Results showed that applying acephate in painted pots is a viable alternative to granular application. It reduced the effects of phytotoxicity, at equivalent rates lasts as long as the granular application, and at lower rates provides improved control over melon aphids, western flower thrips, and silverleaf whiteflies. Interestingly, the paint used may have an effect. Better control was obtained with Orthene in latex paint at lower rates and for longer than Orthene in SpinOut. It is not clear whether this was due to toxicity of latex paint, better release of acephate from latex, or possibly a synergistic effect of the latex paint.
To stablish a permanent sampling program for Focidentalis (Pergande) populations, we sampled during six weeks, different reproductive structures of blackberry at a commercial crop in a plastic house. ...Lloyd's mean crowding, Taylor's power law, fwao's and Kuno's equations were determmined to stablish spatial distribution patterns for inmatures and adults and for each reproductive structure of blackberry. Adults on inflorescences, and adults and inmatures on floral buttons, showed to be aggregated
while inmatures on flowers, and adults and inmatures on fruits followes a ramdom distribution. Kuno's method showed a better adjustment and was selected as the model to develop a secuencia ampling for eaach plant structure and insec stage, emphasizing the adult stage on inflorescences, because this was the simplest method to sample population.Con el objeto de establecer un sistema de monitoreo permanente para las poblaciones de Frankinella occidentalis (Pergande), se muestrearon diferentes estructuras reproductivas de la mora durante seis semanas. Se determinó la media de agregación de LLoyd, la función exponencial de Taylor y las ecuaciones de Iwao y Kuno, para establecer los patrones de distribución espacial del insecto en cada uno de sus estados (inmaduro y adulto) y para cada estructura reproductiva de la planta de mora. Los estados de adulto en inflorescencia y adulto e inmaduro en botón floral mostraron un patrón de distribución espacial agregado;
mientras que los estados inmaduros en inflorescencia, adulto e inmaduro en flor y adulto e inmaduro en fruto siguen un patrón de distribución al azar. El método propuesto por Kuno presentó, en general, un mejor ajuste, razón por la cual se eligió este método como base para el desarrollo de un plan de muestreo secuencial para cada estructura de la planta y estado del insecto, haciendo énfasis en el estado de adulto en inflorescencia por ser ésta la manera más sencilla de realizar el muestreo de la población.
