Translated and Edited and Including a bibliography of Abyssinia, pp. civ-cxxxii. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1902. Owing to technical constraints ...the map which appeared in the original edition of the book is not included.
The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of ...100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Vasco de Gama (c. 1460–1524) was a Portuguese explorer who commanded the first European expedition to sail directly to India. He was later appointed Viceroy of Portuguese India in 1524. This volume, first published in 1869, contains an account of his expeditions written by the Portuguese historian Gaspar Correa (c. 1496–c. 1563), taken from his book Lendas da India. His work is an important contemporary history of Portuguese colonialism in India, using contemporary sources not available to later Portuguese historians.
From the fourteenth to the nineteenth century the port of Calicut on the Malabar (Kerala) coast of western India was well known to ocean-going traders and others. Two contrasting sets of descriptions ...of Calicut exist and it has been universally assumed they refer to the same place and characterise its rise and fall. It seems clear that there have been two Calicuts, one (named here Calicut at Beypore') being the original city and port, the other (named here Calicut at Kozhikode') being that described in the later part of the period. Two events of note are deduced from analysis of fourteenth- to nineteenth-century accounts of Calicut. First is that Vasco da Gama visited the wrong' Calicut, requiring the Zamorin (King) of Calicut to hasten there from the real' Calicut to receive the Portuguese delegation. Although this mistake was corrected a few years later, Calicut at Kozhikode' became a growing focus for foreign trade thereafter, something aided by an unknown catastrophe that destroyed the functionality of Calicut at Beypore', leading it to be abandoned by the Zamorin for the other Calicut. The absence of any port here and the comparatively poor condition of its site, compounded by largely Portuguese attacks, saw the rapid decline of this Calicut at Kozhikode'. The catastrophe that destroyed Calicut at Beypore' is deduced to have occurred in the second half of the sixteenth century and most likely involved an earthquake that led to abrupt subsidence and tsunami waves that washed across the site. Evidence of similar events from elsewhere along the Malabar coast support this explanation and underscore the role of catastrophe in human affairs, as well as the need to critically appraise assumptions made about place in historical accounts.
The shielding efficiencies of gamma and neutron radiations for ternary composites containing polyester resin, polyacrylonitrile and gadolinium (III) sulfate at different ratios were investigated in ...the present study. In order to investigate the gamma radiation shielding capacity of the produced ternary composites, linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, effective atomic number and radiation protection efficiency parameters were determined experimentally, theoretically and using the GEANT4 simulation code. The gamma shielding capabilities of the composites were studied in the photon energy range of 59.5–1332.5 keV. In order to investigate the neutron shielding abilities of composites, inelastic, elastic, capture and transport numbers, total macroscopic cross section and mean free path parameters were determined with the help of GEANT4 simulation code. In addition, the number of transmitted neutrons at different sample thicknesses and neutron energies were also determined. It was observed that gamma radiation shielding properties were improved due to the increasing amount of gadolinium (III) sulfate and neutron shielding properties were improved due to the increasing amount of polyacrylonitrile. While the composite coded P0Gd50 exhibits a better gamma radiation shielding ability than the others, the neutron shielding of the sample coded P50Gd0 is also more favorable than the others.
•Ternary composites containing polyester, C3H3N and Gd2(SO4)3 were produced.•Their gamma shielding capacities were determined by three different methods.•Neutron shielding capacities were investigated with GEANT4.•It was observed that gamma shielding properties improved with increasing Gd2(SO4)3.•It was observed that neutron shielding properties improved with increasing C3H3N.
When ultrasonic stimulation is applied to plant seeds it may promote the development of new adaptive characteristics during germination, thus providing an alternative to regulate nutritional and ...physicochemical attributes of germinated seeds. However, there is rather limited information concerning high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) effects on the germination process of crop seeds as foodstuff. This investigation aimed at examining the effects of a novel processing pattern, which coupled HIU stimulation (28 kHz, 17.83 W cm−2) to a pre-germination stage, on the physicochemical, nutritional and quality changes of wholegrain brown rice (WBR; Oryza sativa L.). Results suggested that HIU stimulation significantly accelerated the germination progress of WBR and a 5-min duration obtained the highest germination rates within 5–30 min of exposure durations examined. During pre-germination, the HIU-pretreated grains showed a more obvious decrease in starch contents and increase in reducing sugar than the untreated samples. Stimulative effects of HIU treatments on starch decomposition were further confirmed by scanning electron microscope, simultaneously indicating an HIU-induced reduction in starch granule size. HIU treatment prior to germination led to the accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid, antioxidants and proline. In addition, nutritional index of free amino acids as well as the in vitro bioaccessibility of calcium and iron were also improved greatly. These results consistently demonstrated that HIU stimulation of WBR prior to soaking could be used as a potential strategy to further amplify nutritional characteristics derived from pre-germination process.
Display omitted
•A new brown rice processing pattern coupling high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) stress to pre-germination was proposed.•HIU stress prior to pre-germination accelerated sprouting growth.•HIU stress promoted starch decomposition during germination.•HIU stress increased antioxidants, proline and γ-aminobutyric acid in germinated grains.•Bioaccessible calcium and iron were improved by HIU stimulation.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored micronemal antigen (GAMA) is an erythrocyte binding protein known to be involved in malarial parasite invasion. Although anti-GAMA antibodies have been shown to ...block GAMA attachment to the erythrocyte surface and subsequently inhibit parasite invasion, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which GAMA promotes the invasion process. In this study, LC-MS analysis was performed on the erythrocyte membrane to identify the specific receptor that interacts with GAMA. We found that ankyrin 1 and the band 3 membrane protein showed affinity for GAMA, and characterization of their binding specificity indicated that both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax GAMA bound to the same extracellular loop of band 3 (loop 5). In addition, we show the interaction between GAMA and band 3 was sensitive to chymotrypsin. Furthermore, antibodies against band 3 loop 5 were able to reduce the binding activity of GAMA to erythrocytes and inhibit the invasion of P. falciparum merozoites into human erythrocytes, whereas antibodies against P. falciparum GAMA (PfGAMA)-Tr3 only slightly reduced P. falciparum invasion. The identification and characterization of the erythrocyte GAMA receptor is a novel finding that identifies an essential mechanism of parasite invasion of host erythrocytes.
In this response to Antonio Damasio's 'Looking for Spinoza', Damasio, a prominent neuroscientist, begins by explaining what the latest discoveries in the neurosciences tell us about human psychology. ...He rejects the two prominent models of human psychology since the Western Enlightenment, the blank slate and dualism. Instead we now know that the brain and body are completely integrated through a complex system of neural maps. Damasio's recognition of the complete unity of body, brain and mind leads him to the conclusion that we have to develop ideas and ideas of ideas and use them to reform our neural maps. This book presents Damasio's own ideas about the most 'serious' questions in life that we ought to use to reform ourselves and our societies, including homeostasis; spirituality; feelings; suffering and death; the value of religious traditions; and the value of the philosophical path to God among others.
Fundamentado na vida e obra do advogado, jornalista e poeta Luiz Gama (1830-1882), homem negro, escravizado na juventude, que transitou espaços institucionais do Brasil Imperial, e nas origens do ...lundu como amálgama de concepções estéticas europeias e afro-brasileiras, o presente artigo explora a composição temática, formal e ideológica de “Uma orquestra”, poema-canção integrante do volume Primeiras trovas burlescas de Getulino (1859). Trata-se de uma composição conciliadora do duplo entrelugar (SANTIAGO, 2000) habitado tanto por seu autor, quanto pelo seu gênero musical-literário, dos quais expressa o temperamento engajado nos embates, contradições, resistências e assimilações historicamente presentes na arte e na sociedade brasileira. Por intermédio de pesquisas históricas sobre a elaboração e a performance do lundu, de José Ramos Tinhorão (2013) e Edilson Vicente de Lima (2010), e o conceito de sujeito lírico abrangente, que excede o texto literário, de Dominique Combe (2010), “Uma orquestra” afigura-se uma manifestação do alcance e do valor do lundu – em sua versão desprezada e compelida à marginalidade no século XIX – e que encontrou em Luiz Gama o vate que não apenas o registrou literariamente, mas o reputou relevante e belo em sua suposta imperfeição, afirmando-o como componente idealizado de um engajamento romântico.
•The main compounds of the essential oil are: carvacrol, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene, and para-cymene.•The developmental phase of the plant has an impact on the increase of production of plant ...biomass in the herb of savory.•Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected the process of accumulation the essential oil in savory cv. Saturn.
Environmental factors such as mineral nutrition as well as plant ontogeny are the major determinants of the quantity and quality of essential oil (EO) in medicinal and herbal plants. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of nitrogen and plant development phases on the yield of fresh mass and the yield of essential oil, content and chemical composition of essential oil from summer savory cv. Saturn cultivated for industrial use. The two-factor experiment was carried out in a random-block design with five replications. The nitrogen dose (0; 4; 8; 12; 16 g N m−2) and the plant development phase (the beginning of flowering and full flowering) were the experimental factors. There was a significant effect of the nitrogen dose and plant development phase on the essential oil content of the summer savory. The content of essential oil in the summer savory herb was in the range of 2.52–5.89%. The essential oil was shown to contain four dominant components, i.e. carvacrol, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene, and para-cymene. The highest carvacrol content was noted for the lowest nitrogen dose in the phase of full flowering of plants. Additionally, the highest parameters of the summer savory essential oil were obtained from plants harvested in the initial flowering stage.
Maryanto SD, Wibowo WA, Daryono BS. 2021. Phenotypic characters and identification CYPs (Cyclophilin) gene in Cucumis melo L. cv. Gama Melon Parfum. Biodiversitas 22: 3007-3014. Cucumis melo L. cv. ...Gama Melon Parfum is a new cultivar with a very strong fragrance as its main character. As a new cultivar with unique characters, it is necessary to characterize phenotype and molecular related to the fragrant aroma. The research aimed to study the phenotypic of the fruit of C. melo cv. Gama Melon Parfum (F3) and to identify the CYPs gene as one of the genes that act in encoding volatile compounds. Analysis of qualitative characters was based on International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) and Plant Variety Protection (PVP), phenotypic characters in melons observed by abiding the Rules for Registration of Varieties from the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 700/Kpts/OT.320/D/12/2011, while analysis of quantitative characters was using the ANOVA methods and software PKBT-STAT-2. The methods of molecular characterization included RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis used Reverse Transcriptase-PCR, amplification of DNA target used PCR, visualization of DNA target used electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. Analysis of the in silico approach was carried out on the CuGenDB Melon database. Analysis of protein sequences and classification was obtained from InterPro. Phylogeny analysis using MEGA-X Software. The results were 18 qualitative characters and 11 quantitative characters were stable and uniform, whereas the molecular characterization of the genes was predicted Cyclophilin with peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity and located in chromosome 1 (17059021-17058899).
PDF
