The aim of this study is to determine the changes in GOT and GPT enzymes activity in hepitaitis patients . Results showed that the increasing in both enzymes activity is different between male and ...female in both GOT & GPT 47.93 I.U/L in male and 53.10 I.U/L in female and 73.31 I.U/L male and 69.42 I.U/L in female respectively . The reason of this increasing is belong to the damage of liver cells by hepatitis virus.
This paper evaluates the capabilities and limitations of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) in chemical research. Although GPT-4 exhibits remarkable proficiencies, it is evident that ...the quality of input data significantly affects its performance. We explore GPT-4’s potential in chemical tasks, such as foundational chemistry knowledge, cheminformatics, data analysis, problem prediction, and proposal abilities. While the language model partially outperformed traditional methods, such as black-box optimization, it fell short against specialized algorithms, highlighting the need for their combined use. The paper shares the prompts given to GPT-4 and its responses, providing a resource for prompt engineering within the community, and concludes with a discussion on the future of chemical research using large language models.
The set of commented images presented aims to demonstrate the answers Chat GPT Artificial Intelligence of would give to simple questions widely discussed in Geography studies and related areas
ChatGPT: Vision and challenges Gill, Sukhpal Singh; Kaur, Rupinder
Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems,
2023, 2023-00-00, 2023-01-01, Letnik:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have changed the nature of scientific inquiry in recent years. Of these, the development of virtual assistants has accelerated greatly in the past ...few years, with ChatGPT becoming a prominent AI language model. In this study, we examine the foundations, vision, research challenges of ChatGPT. This article investigates into the background and development of the technology behind it, as well as its popular applications. Moreover, we discuss the advantages of bringing everything together through ChatGPT and Internet of Things (IoT). Further, we speculate on the future of ChatGPT by considering various possibilities for study and development, such as energy-efficiency, cybersecurity, enhancing its applicability to additional technologies (Robotics and Computer Vision), strengthening human-AI communications, and bridging the technological gap. Finally, we discuss the important ethics and current trends of ChatGPT.
Display omitted
•Present the roadmap and outlook of ChatGPT.•Investigate the capabilities of ChatGPT for strengthening human-AI communications.•Discuss the notable functions of ChatGPT, its popular applications and ethics.•Examine the advantages of bringing everything together through ChatGPT and IoT.•Highlight the current trends & research challenges of ChatGPT.
Millions of diabetics use herbal medicine for economic and cultural reasons. The objective of the present study was to explore of the effects of fenugreek in experimental diabetic (albino) male rats ...induced by alloxan measuring the level of liver enzymes Alanine transaminase, Aspartate aminotransferase and studying histological changes in the liver. The study included 40 rats divided into four groups (10 for each group) with weights ranging from 200-250mg, the first group was as a control group, the second group was injected with alloxan 120 /kg/b.w and nicotinamide 50 0.5 mg/kg/B.W. The third diabetic group received treatment with 50 mg/kg/b.w. of fenugreek. The fourth diabetic group received treatment with 100 mg/kg/B.W. of fenugreek, The animals were scarified and the heart's blood was extracted. where the serum was isolated to study the biochemical parameters of liver enzymes, the liver was removed and placed in 10% formalin solution for the histological study purpose of conducting the histological study. The study's findings demonstrated an increase in the effectiveness of liver enzymes as a result of the injection of alloxan, but after treatment with fenugreek, the level of these enzymes decreased in the third and fourth groups and also demonstrated that induction of diabetes caused changes in the rats livers, as it showed congestion of blood vessels in the hepatic central vein, necrosis of hepatocytes, irregular sinusoids, and thickening of the nuclei in diabetic group.
The problem of causal inference is to determine if a given probability distribution on observed variables is compatible with some causal structure. The difficult case is when the causal structure ...includes latent variables. We here introduce the
for tackling this problem. An inflation of a causal structure is a new causal structure that can contain multiple copies of each of the original variables, but where the ancestry of each copy mirrors that of the original. To every distribution of the observed variables that is compatible with the original causal structure, we assign a family of marginal distributions on certain subsets of the copies that are compatible with the inflated causal structure. It follows that compatibility constraints for the inflation can be translated into compatibility constraints for the original causal structure. Even if the constraints at the level of inflation are weak, such as observable statistical independences implied by disjoint causal ancestry, the translated constraints can be strong. We apply this method to derive new inequalities whose violation by a distribution witnesses that distribution’s incompatibility with the causal structure (of which Bell inequalities and Pearl’s instrumental inequality are prominent examples). We describe an algorithm for deriving all such inequalities for the original causal structure that follow from ancestral independences in the inflation. For three observed binary variables with pairwise common causes, it yields inequalities that are stronger in at least some aspects than those obtainable by existing methods. We also describe an algorithm that derives a weaker set of inequalities but is more efficient. Finally, we discuss which inflations are such that the inequalities one obtains from them remain valid even for quantum (and post-quantum) generalizations of the notion of a causal model.
Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. In this article, we ...explore the potential applications of LLMs in enhancing cardiovascular care and research. We discuss how LLMs can be utilized to simplify complex medical information, improve patient-physician communication, and automate tasks such as summarizing medical articles and extracting key information. Additionally, we highlight the role of LLMs in categorizing and analyzing unstructured data, such as medical notes and test results, which could revolutionize data handling and interpretation in cardiovascular research. However, we also emphasize the limitations and challenges associated with LLMs, including potential biases, reasoning opacity, and the need for rigorous validation in medical contexts. This article provides a practical guide for cardiovascular professionals to understand and harness the power of LLMs while navigating their limitations. We conclude by discussing the future directions and implications of LLMs in transforming cardiovascular care and research.
Les modèles de langage à grande échelle (LLM) sont devenus des outils puissants en intelligence artificielle, démontrant des capacités remarquables dans le traitement et la génération du langage naturel. Dans cet article, nous explorons les applications potentielles des LLM pour améliorer les soins et la recherche cardiovasculaires. Nous discutons de la manière dont les LLM peuvent être utilisés pour simplifier des informations médicales complexes, améliorer la communication patient-médecin et automatiser des tâches telles que la synthèse d'articles médicaux et l'extraction d'informations clés. De plus, nous soulignons le rôle des LLM dans la catégorisation et l'analyse des données non structurées, telles que les notes médicales et les résultats des tests, ce qui pourrait révolutionner la gestion et l'interprétation des données dans la recherche cardiovasculaire. Cependant, nous soulignons également les limites et les défis associés aux LLM, notamment les biais potentiels, l'opacité de leur raisonnement et la nécessité d'une validation rigoureuse dans les contextes médicaux. Cet article fournit un guide pratique aux professionnels cardiovasculaires pour comprendre et exploiter la puissance des LLM tout en naviguant dans leurs limites. Nous concluons en discutant des orientations futures et des implications des LLM dans la transformation des soins et de la recherche cardiovasculaires.
PDF
