A major account of Renaissance portraiture by one of the
twentieth century's most eminent art historians In this
book, John Pope-Hennessy provides an unprecedented look at two
centuries of experiment ...in portraiture during the Renaissance.
Pope-Hennessy shows how the Renaissance cult of individuality
brought with it a demand that the features of the individual be
perpetuated, a concept first manifested in the portraits that fill
the great Florentine fresco cycles and led, later in the fifteenth
century, to the creation of the independent portrait by such
artists as Sandro Botticelli, Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Giovanni
Bellini, and Antonello da Messina. Pope-Hennessy goes on to
describe the process by which Titian and the great artists of the
High Renaissance transformed the portrait from a record of
appearance into an analysis of character.
Aims
The Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GIse) registry Of Transcatheter treatment of mitral valve regurgitaTiOn (GIOTTO) was conceived in order to assess the safety and efficacy of ...MitraClip therapy in Italy. The aim of this study was to assess procedural and mid‐term outcomes, and clinical and echocardiographic predictors of mid‐term mortality after MitraClip therapy, stratifying the results according to the diagnosis of functional and degenerative mitral regurgitation (FMR vs. DMR).
Methods and results
Between January 2016 and March 2020, 1659 patients were prospectively included in the GIOTTO registry (FMR 59.4% vs. DMR 40.6%). Acute Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium (MVARC) technical success was achieved in 97.2% of patients, without differences between FMR and DMR and with sustained results at 30 days. In the study population, all‐cause mortality was 4.0%, 17.5% and 34.6% at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. Cardiovascular death was the most frequent cause of mortality. Overall hospitalization rates were 6.3%, 23.4% and 31.7% at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. The most frequent cause of hospitalization was heart failure, particularly in the first 30 days. FMR and MVARC structural and functional failure were strongly associated with 1‐year mortality. Residual mitral regurgitation 1+ (rMR) was independently related to a reduced risk of 1‐year mortality (hazard ratio 0.62; P = 0.005). Coherently, at 2‐year follow up, FMR was associated with worse outcomes than DMR, and Kaplan–Meier all‐cause mortality was related to rMR.
Conclusions
Functional mitral regurgitation aetiology affects 1‐year mortality after MitraClip implantation, and differences in mortality and hospitalization rates between FMR and DMR can be observed within 2 years. Optimal rMR 1+ was correlated to a more favourable mid‐term outcome, particularly in FMR.
In situ research of cometary chemistry began when measurements from the
Giotto
mission at Comet 1P Halley revealed the presence of complex organics in the coma. New telescopes and space missions have ...provided detailed remote and in situ measurements of the composition of cometary volatiles. Recently, the
Rosetta
mission to Comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) more than doubled the number of parent species and the number of isotopic ratios known for comets. Forty of the 71 parent species have also been detected in pre- and protostellar clouds. Most isotopic ratios are nonsolar. This diverse origin is in contrast to that of the Sun, which received its material from the bulk of the collapsing cloud. The xenon isotopic ratios measured in 67P can explain the long-standing question about the origin of terrestrial atmospheric xenon. These findings strengthen the notion that comets are indeed an important link between the ISM and today's solar system including life on Earth.
Nonsolar isotopic ratios for species such as Xe, N, S, and Si point to a nonhomogenized protoplanetary disk from which comets received their material.
The similarity of the organic inventories of comets and presolar and protostellar material makes it plausible that this material was accreted almost unaltered by comets from the presolar stage.
Large variations in the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in water for comets indicate a large range in the protoplanetary disk from which comets formed.
The amount of organics delivered by comets to Earth may be highly significant.
Las imágenes de san Francisco de AsÃs se multiplican en Europa con la función de servir de modelo a los frailes menores y despertar la veneración de los fieles mediante el conocimiento de los ...episodios más significativos de su hagiografÃa. Para comprender el significado último de estas representaciones es necesario recordar dónde fueron realizadas, aunando aspectos formales y fuentes literarias que sirvieron de inspiración a los pintores de la Baja Edad Media. En las siguientes lÃneas veremos el importante papel de los franciscanos como comitentes, la difusión de las biografÃas de Tomás de Celano y san Buenaventura y su recepción en las imágenes, especialmente, a partir de los frescos de Giotto di Bondone en AsÃs.
The article examines Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s watercolor "Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante". The painting is the result of several artistic and literary quotations, being originally conceived as ...an interplay of anecdotes, literary texts, and works of art. While evidently based on "Purgatorio" XI, the painting also to passages in the "Vita Nuova" as well as to frescoes in the Palazzo del Bargello and in Santa Maria Novella that Rossetti was probably familiar with.
God the Father with Angels (about 1330, tempera on panel) by Giotto is the Gable of the altarpiece of Baroncelli Chapel in the church of Santa Croce in Florence. Very little is known about its ...history since the separation from the so-called Baroncelli Polyptych. Now at the San Diego Museum of Art, the Gable had never been studied by means of scientific methods before our team took the opportunity to during the exhibition “Giotto, l’Italia”, held in Milan. Exploiting the integration of different knowledge, technologies and resources of our team, we were able to provide data for understanding the organizational model of Giotto's workshop performing non-invasive analyses with portable instruments during closing hours of exhibition (four diagnostic campaigns, six hours of work/campaign, no interruption of the exhibition). The achieved results confirm the painting technique based on different layers of pigments, a technique already used by Giotto. Combining the effectiveness of scanning MA-XRF with the responsive of IR reflectography and IR false colour, we moved step by step toward the discovery of Giotto's palette for the flesh tones in God the Father with Angels. FORS and XRF single point analyses were performed on some selected areas too. The IR reflectography results support the hypothesis of a detailed underdrawing with both thin and flat brushstrokes. By applying image-processing algorithms to the collected reflectograms, we obtained quantitative objective measures supporting the hypothesis that a guide could have been used in the realization of human figures; this means the use of sketches for the face of “God the Father” and for the faces of angels.
Henry Moore’s fascination with early Italian art manifests itself not only in his work but also in interviews, letters and other texts. His comments on Giotto, Masaccio and Giovanni Pisano are of ...special interest. They testify to Moore’s admiration for these artists and for qualities in their work that fuelled his own modernist ambitions. They also bear witness to art-historical debates about early Italian art at a moment when it was undergoing a particularly formalist construction. In this article, Moore’s ideas will be situated against the background of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century scholarship on early Italian art. The article will explore to what extent Moore’s observations are comparable to that of contemporary art historians. It will also identify moments where Moore’s ideas offer unique and original perspectives on the work of Giotto, Giovanni Pisano and Masaccio that were not shared by his contemporaries.
In this paper, the chromatic alteration of various types of paints, present on mural painting fragments derived from the vaults of The Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi in Italy (12th–13th ...century), is studied using synchrotron radiation. Six painted mural fragments, several square centimeters in size, were available for analysis, originating from the ceiling paintings attributed to Cimabue and Giotto; they correspond to originally white, blue/green, and brown/yellow/orange areas showing discoloration. As well as collecting macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and diffraction maps from the entire fragments in the laboratory and at the SOLEIL synchrotron, corresponding paint cross-sections were also analyzed using microscopic X-ray fluorescence and powder diffraction mapping at the PETRA-III synchrotron. Numerous secondary products were observed on the painted surfaces, such as (a) copper tri-hydroxychloride in green/blue areas; (b) corderoite and calomel in vermillion red/cinnabar-rich paints; (c) plattnerite and/or scrutinyite assumed to be oxidation products of (hydro)cerussite (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) in the white areas, and (d) the calcium oxalates whewellite and weddellite. An extensive presence of chlorinated metal salts points to the central role of chlorine-containing compounds during the degradation of the 800-year-old paint, leading to, among other things, the formation of the rare mineral cumengeite (21PbCl2·20Cu(OH)2·6H2O).
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