First mentioned in the Book of Psalms in the Hebrew Bible, the golem is a character in an astonishing number of post-Holocaust Jewish-American novels and has served as inspiration for such varied ...figures as Mary Shelley’s monster in her novel Frankenstein, a frightening character in the television series The X-Files, and comic book figures such as Superman and the Hulk. In The Golem Redux: From Prague to Post-Holocaust Fiction, author Elizabeth R. Baer introduces readers to these varied representations of the golem and traces the history of the golem legend across modern pre- and post-Holocaust culture. In five chapters, The Golem Redux examines the different purposes for which the golem has been used in literature and what makes the golem the ultimate text and intertext for modern Jewish writers.
Baer begins by introducing several early manifestations of the golem legend, including texts from the third and fourth centuries and from the medieval period; Prague’s golem legend, which is attributed to the Maharal, Rabbi Judah Loew; the history of the Josefov, the Jewish ghetto in Prague, the site of the golem legend; and versions of the legend by Yudl Rosenberg and Chayim Bloch, which informed and influenced modern intertexts. In the chapters that follow, Baer traces the golem first in pre-Holocaust Austrian and German literature and film and later in post-Holocaust American literature and popular culture, arguing that the golem has been deployed very differently in these two contexts. Where prewar German and Austrian contexts used the golem as a signifier of Jewish otherness to underscore growing anti-Semitic cultural feelings, post-Holocaust American texts use the golem to depict the historical tragedy of the Holocaust and to imagine alternatives to it. In this section, Baer explores traditional retellings by Isaac Bashevis Singer and Elie Wiesel, the considerable legacy of the golem in comics, Michael Chabon’s The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, and, finally, “Golems to the Rescue” in twentieth- and twenty-first-century works of film and literature, including those by Cynthia Ozick, Thane Rosenbaum, and Daniel Handler.
By placing the Holocaust at the center of her discussion, Baer illustrates how the golem works as a self-conscious intertextual character who affirms the value of imagination and story in Jewish tradition. Students and teachers of Jewish literature and cultural history, film studies, and graphic novels will appreciate Baer’s pioneering and thought-provoking volume.
Abstract
We report on the first experimental observation of a spontaneously formed transport barrier in the tokamak with a circular configuration in helium plasmas. There was no external polarization ...of the plasma by electric field or other technique to form the barrier as it is typically used in tokamaks with circular plasma. In general, the transport barriers play an important role in plasma confinement especially in tokamaks with divertor configuration. In our experiments, we clearly observe distinct characteristics of a transport barrier, including a steep gradient of the electron temperature and an enhanced radial electric field along with the change in the plasma potential, floating potential, and electron temperature fluctuation. The electron temperature and the plasma potential are obtained by a combination of the ball-pen and Langmuir probe measurements with high temporal resolution on a shot-to-shot basis. This first experimental observation of the spontaneously formed transport barrier might bring new possibilities to obtain a fusion-relevant study of the edge plasma parameters and transport in helium plasmas even on small tokamaks.
The purpose of this article was to identify in which aspect the Jewish legend of the
Golem influenced Viktor Frankl’s thought. In some of his books, Viktor Frankl referred
to a mythical being in ...Jewish culture: The Golem. What is the significance of this
legendary figure for the construction of his vision of mankind? The article is justified
insofar as it aims to understand the influence of an author’s religious culture in his
work. Thus, a brief bibliographic analysis was carried out on the references to Golem
in Frankl’s work and in the Jewish religion. The narratives of this legend possibly had
a great impact on the author; thus, the main results point to an influence on the Jewish
conception of mankind in the author’s thinking style. It was concluded that Frankl was
influenced more by the Jewish way of understanding the world, which helped him to
shape the content of his thought, as found through the history of the Golem.
O presente artigo teve por objetivo identificar em que aspecto a lenda judaica do Golem exerceu influências no pensamento de Viktor Frankl. Em alguns dos seus livros, Viktor Frankl fez referência a um ser mítico da cultura judaica: o Golem. Qual o significado desta figura lendária para a construção de sua visão de homem? O artigo se justifica na medida em que visa compreender a influência da cultura religiosa de um autor em sua obra. Dessa forma, procedeu-se uma breve análise bibliográfica acerca das referências sobre o Golem na obra de Frankl e na religião judaica. As narrativas dessa lenda possivelmente causaram um grande impacto no autor; dessa forma, os principais resultados apontam para uma influência na concepção judaica de homem no estilo de pensamento do autor. Concluiu-se que Frankl foi influenciado mais pela forma judaica de compreender o mundo, o que o ajudou a dar forma ao conteúdo do seu pensamento, conforme se constatou por meio da história do Golem.
Este artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar en qué aspecto la leyenda judía del Golem
influyó en el pensamiento de Viktor Frankl. En algunos de sus libros, Viktor Frankl
hace referencia a un ser mítico en la cultura judía: el Golem. ¿Cuál es el significado
de esta figura legendaria para la construcción de tu visión del Hombre? El artículo se
justifica porque busca comprender la influencia de la cultura religiosa de un autor en
su obra. De esta forma, se realizó un breve análisis bibliográfico sobre las referencias
sobre el Golem en la obra de Frankl y en la religión judía. Las narraciones de esta
leyenda posiblemente tuvieron un gran impacto en el autor; así, los principales resultados
apuntan a una influencia de la concepción judía del hombre en el modo de pensar del
autor. Se concluyó que Frankl estuvo más influenciado por la forma judía de entender
el mundo, lo que le ayudó a moldear el contenido de su pensamiento, visto a través de
la historia del Golem.
Over four decades, research has demonstrated Pygmalion and Galatea effects (positive expectations leading to high performance) across various settings. In contrast, research on the parallel notion of ...Golem effects (negative expectations leading to low performance) has been largely overlooked. This study is the first to examine the relationship between group-level Implicit Followership Theories (GIFTs) and naturally occurring Golem effects. Integrating the literature on Implicit Followership Theories, self-fulfilling prophecies, and social identity, we propose that negative GIFTs can serve as proxies of expectations for followers that trigger Golem effects in workgroups. Data from 202 followers and 101 leaders provide support for our hypothesized multi-level model, revealing a top-down relationship between negative GIFTs and follower performance through their self-efficacy and effort. Findings highlight the importance of GIFTs in the Golem process, showing that followers' cognitions and behaviors are shaped by the group's prototypical attributes. Suggestions for future research are offered, including interpersonal Golem effects, negative GIFTs and negative outcomes, and influence of organizational culture.
Remembering Trevor Pinch Attila Bruni; Chris Hesselbein; Paolo Magaudda ...
Tecnoscienza (Padua, Italy),
07/2022, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Like the many fortunate enough to cross his path, the STS Italia community and Tecnoscienza are particularly indebted with the sociologist of science and technology – and Moog synthesizer player – ...Trevor Pinch (1952-2021). Our journal gratefully remembers his human and intellectual generosity through the words of four researchers who encountered Trevor as a mentor, supervisor, colleague and source of inspiration for their life and work.
Predation exerts a significant selection pressure on prey, shaping a multitude of traits that serve as antipredator defences. In turn, natural selection could favour combinations of antipredator ...defences with synergistic effects that enhance prey survival. An especially interesting antipredator defence is death feigning (DF), present in a wide variety of taxa and usually characterized by the prey lying motionless often along with defaecation, musking and autohaemorrhaging (AH). All these aspects of the DF display should work in conjunction with one another, intensifying the overall effect of the display and in turn facilitating quicker escape. To confirm this hypothesis, we tested 263 dice snakes (
) directly in the field. We noted the occurrence of smearing faeces, musk and AH, and we measured the duration of DF, expecting to see a negative association between the occurrence of these behaviours and the duration of DF. Our results affirm our hypothesis: dice snakes that smeared themselves in musk and faeces prior to DF and had AH during DF spent significantly less time in DF. Our results highlight the functional integration of antipredator behaviours across different phases of predator-prey interactions, emphasizing the need for future research to prioritize studying the sequential display of behaviours.
The university-scale tokamak GOLEM provides a unique opportunity to perform remote thermonuclear experiments V. Svoboda, J. Fusion Energy, Vol. 38, Part 2, p. 253 (2019). Undergraduate plasma physics ...students from three universities-Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), RUDN University, and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI-carried out joint remote experiments to train in tokamak operation and to study topics relevant for mainstream fusion research such as plasma start-up, comparison of hydrogen versus helium plasma characteristics, electrostatic and electromagnetic turbulence, long-range correlations, etc. New observations of the long-range correlations between low-frequency (<50 kHz) quasi-coherent electrostatic and magnetic oscillations identified as m = 2 mode with several techniques were done, as well as of the broadband (<250 kHz) magnetic oscillations resolved in frequency and wave vector in helium and hydrogen plasmas. The presence of broadband electrostatic and broadband magnetic turbulence has also been established at the plasma edge.
Este artículo se propone analizar la relación intertextual entre el relato de Borges "El milagro secreto" y la novela El Golem de Gustav Meyrink con el objetivo de comprender cómo incide en la ...construcción que realiza el autor argentino de la ciudad de Praga y en su propio posicionamiento en los debates de la sociedad argentina en el contexto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
La capacità di creare la vita è un sogno a lungo termine dell'umanità. Qui facciamo un breve viaggio dalla fantasia alla realtà: dalla leggenda di Golem agli automi meccanici, fino agli androidi oggi ...disponibili.
This article presents the evolution of the Golem’s myth in Ian McEwan’s Machines Like Me using the myth’s actualisation presented in Borges’ poem “The Golem”. An analysis of how the mythic roles ...embodied by the main characters of the novel are reverted is provided, establishing a parallelism between the myth and the modern theme of androids. The result of this appears to be catastrophic for humanity as the artificial creation of life and the inclusion of androids in society is perceived as a threat due to the fact that ancient creation myths remain in humankind’s memory, especially those where humans’ creations defy their creators. Adam, the android who plays the role of the Golem ultimately reveals himself as a perfect creation, far from what his mythic counterpart is supposed to be and Charlie, his owner and creator, afraid of being inferior to the android, decides to kill him in order to reaffirm the already established human power over the machines.
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