Neutrofil berperan penting dalam respons imun nonspesifik. Penurunan nilai neutrofil dapat dipakai sebagai parameter sederhana untuk mengukur tingkat stres dan inflamasi sistemik. Penelitian ini ...bertujuan mengetahui efek agen inhalasi sevofluran dan halotan terhadap penurunan neutrofil. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis dengan acak tersamar buta ganda yang membandingkan efek sevofluran dengan halotan terhadap jumlah neutrofil pada 36 pasien ASA I dan II yang menjalani operasi elektif dengan anestesi umum di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan periode September 2016. Pasien dibagi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mendapat agen inhalasi sevofluran dan kelompok yang mendapat inhalasi halotan. Jumlah neutrofil dihitung pada kedua kelompok pada saat sebelum operasi, setelah induksi, dan 90 menit setelah inhalasi. Jumlah neutrofil pada kedua kelompok tidak mengalami penurunan sebelum operasi dan setelah induksi (p>0,005), namun mengalami penurunan pada 90 menit setelah inhalasi (p<0,005) pada tiap-tiap kelompok, namun uji beda antara kelompok sevofluran dan halotan tidak bermakna pada tiga kali pengukuran. Simpulan, tidak terdapat perbedaan antara sevofluran dan halotan terhadap penurunan jumlah neutrofil. Comparison of Sevoflurane and Halothane Effects on Neutrophil Counts Neutrophil has an important role in non-spesific immune responses. The declining value of neutrophil can be used as a parameter to measure the level of stress and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to determine the effects of sevoflurane and halothane inhalation agents on the number of neutrophil. This was a double-blind randomized comparing the effects of sevoflurane and halothane on the number of neutrophil in 36 ASA 1 and II patients underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia at Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital Medan during September 2016. Patients were divided into two groups: the group that received sevoflurane inhalation and the group that received halothane inhalation. The number of neutrophils was counted in both groups before surgery, after induction, and 90 minutes after inhalation. Both groups did not experience a decrease in neutrophil counts before surgery and after induction (p>0.005), but suffered a decline in the number of neuthrophils 90 minutes after inhalation (p>0.005). The difference between the sevoflurane and halothane groups was not meaningful in the three times of measurement. In conclusion, there is no difference between sevoflurane and halothane terms of declined number of neutrophils.
As the number of radiotherapy and radiology diagnostic procedures increases from year to year, so does the use of general volatile anaesthesia (VA). Although considered safe, VA exposure can cause ...different adverse effects and, in combination with ionising radiation (IR), can also cause synergistic effects. However, little is known about DNA damage incurred by this combination at doses applied in a single radiotherapy treatment. To learn more about it, we assessed DNA damage and repair response in the liver tissue of Swiss albino male mice following exposure to isoflurane (I), sevoflurane (S), or halothane (H) alone or in combination with 1 or 2 Gy irradiation using the comet assay. Samples were taken immediately (0 h) and 2, 6, and 24 h after exposure. Compared to control, the highest DNA damage was found in mice receiving halothane alone or in combination with 1 or 2 Gy IR treatments. Sevoflurane and isoflurane displayed protective effects against 1 Gy IR, while with 2 Gy IR the first adverse effects appeared at 24 h post-exposure. Although VA effects depend on liver metabolism, the detection of unrepaired DNA damage 24 h after combined exposure with 2 Gy IR indicates that we need to look further into the combined effects of VA and IR on genome stability and include a longer time frame than 24 h for single exposure as well as repeated exposure as a more realistic scenario in radiotherapy treatment.
Patient immobilisation with volatile anaesthetics (VA) during radiotherapy is sometimes unavoidable. Although it is known that both VAs and ionising radiation can have nephrotoxic effects, there are ...no studies of their combined effects on DNA damage. The aim of this
study was to address this gap by investigating whether 48 groups of healthy Swiss albino mice (totalling 240) would differ in kidney cell DNA damage response (alkaline comet assay) to isoflurane, sevoflurane, or halothane anaesthesia and exposure to 1 Gy or 2 Gy of ionising radiation. We took kidney cortex samples after 0, 2, 6, and 24 h of exposure and measured comet parameters: tail length and tail intensity. To quantify the efficiency of the cells to repair and re-join DNA strand breaks, we also calculated cellular DNA repair index. Exposure to either VA alone increased DNA damage, which was similar between sevoflurane and isoflurane, and the highest with halothane. In combined exposure (VA and irradiation with 1 Gy) DNA damage remained at similar levels for all time points or was even lower than damage caused by radiation alone. Halothane again demonstrated the highest damage. In combined exposure with irradiation of 2 Gy sevoflurane significantly elevated tail intensity over the first three time points, which decreased and was even lower on hour 24 than in samples exposed to the corresponding radiation dose alone. This study confirmed that volatile anaesthetics are capable of damaging DNA, while combined VA and 1 Gy or 2 Gy treatment did not have a synergistic damaging effect on DNA. Further studies on the mechanisms of action are needed to determine the extent of damage in kidney cells after longer periods of observation and how efficiently the cells can recover from exposure to single and multiple doses of volatile anaesthetics and radiotherapy.
The objective of this study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane (SEV), isoflurane (ISO) and halothane (HAL) anesthesia during spontaneous ventilation (SV) or controlled ...ventilation (CV) in dogs. An experimental study was designed. Sixty healthy cross breed dogs were used for the study. Dogs were randomly allocated to six anesthesia groups (n = 10 in each group): SEV/SV; SEV/CV; ISO/SV; ISO/CV; HAL/SV; HAL/CV. After premedication with xylazine HCl, anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium. Inhalation anesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes with SEV, ISO, or HAL. Cardiopulmonary parameters heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), end tidal carbon dioxide level (ETCO2), oxygen saturation (SpO2), central venous pressure (CVP), body temperature, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and arterial pH were measured after induction of anesthesia; the first measurement was taken one minute after the loss of consciousness with SEV, ISO, or HAL and the others were done at 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th minutes. There was not any significant difference in HR between anesthetics among SV and CV. RR decreased significantly during ISO and HAL anesthesia in SV (p<0.001). MAP decreased significantly in all groups but there was not any significant difference between the ventilation modes. There was a significant decrease in ETCO2 during CV compared to SV (p<0.001). The CVP values during anesthesia with SEV in SV were lower than those of other anesthetics (p<0.001). Body temperature decreased significantly during ISO and HAL anesthesia compared to SEV anesthesia (p<0.001). Compared with SV, CV prevented the increase in PaCO2 (p<0.001) and no decrease in pH was observed (p<0.05). It is concluded that SEV anesthesia was appeared to have minimum complications on cardiopulmonary parameters in the healthy dogs which were premedicated with xylazine HCL and inducted with thiopental sodium. In the study, the use of CV was not associated with cardiovascular embarrassment during inhalation anesthesia and it was provide a more stable plane of anesthesia.
Imobilizacija bolesnika hlapljivim anesteticima (HA) tijekom radioterapije ponekad je neizbježna. Iako je poznato da i HA i ionizirajuće zračenje mogu imati nefrotoksične učinke, ne postoje ...istraživanja o njihovu kombiniranom učinku na oštećenje DNA bubrežnih stanica. Cilj ovog istraživanja in vivo na miševima soja Swiss albino bio je utvrditi oštećenje DNA stanica bubrega (alkalni komet-test) nakon anestezije izofluranom, sevofluranom ili halotanom i izlaganja ionizirajućem zračenju u dozama od 1 Gy ili 2 Gy. Uzorke bubrežnoga korteksa uzeli smo nakon 0, 2, 6 i 24 sata od izlaganja i izmjerili parametre komet-testa: duljinu repa i njegov intenzitet. Kako bismo kvantificirali učinkovitost staničnoga popravka, izračunali smo indeks popravka stanične DNA. Izloženost bilo kojem od testiranih anestetika povećalo je oštećenje DNA u odnosu na kontrolu, slično kod sevoflurana i izoflurana, a najveće kod halotana. U kombiniranom izlaganju HA-u i zračenju od 1 Gy, oštećenje DNA ostalo je na sličnim razinama u svim vremenskim točkama, ili je bilo čak niže od oštećenja prouzročenih samim zračenjem. Halotan je ponovno izazvao najveća oštećenja. U kombiniranom izlaganju sa zračenjem od 2 Gy sevofluran je značajno povećao intenzitet repa tijekom prvih triju vremenskih točaka, koji se smanjivao te je nakon 24 sata čak bio niži nego u uzorcima koji su bili izloženi samo zračenju. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja mehanizma djelovanja kako bi se utvrdilo u kojoj mjeri oštećenja ostaju u bubrežnim stanicama nakon duljeg razdoblja, kao i koliko se učinkovito stanice mogu oporaviti nakon jednokratnog ili višekratnog izlaganja HA-u i zračenju.
Changes in the parameters of acid-base status and blood gas analysis in 3 main methods of anaesthesia in dogs were investigated. The experiment was carried out in 22 male and female dogs, matched for ...breed, age and body weight and divided into 3 groups.
Animals from the first group (n = 8) were subjected to standard inhalation anaesthesia using halothane. Those from the second group (n = 7) received balanced anaesthesia using pancuronium, and those from the third group (n = 7) received epidural lumbosacral anaesthesia using lidocaine. Arterialised capillary blood samples were obtained from all animals in the following periods: immediately before anaesthesia (0 min), during premedication (30 min), during deep anaesthesia (120 min), after recovery (about 140 min) and the next day (24 h). The acid-base and blood gas parameters (pH, $PaCO_2, Pa0_2, HC0_3, TC0_2$ , ABE, SBE, SBC, SAT, and $O_2CT$ ) were determined.
The results showed that during the deep stages of halothane and balanced anaesthesia primary noncompensated respiratory acidosis and overoxygenation developed. These changes were only eliminated during the recovery period. The epidural anaesthesia was not accompanied by any changes in blood gas and acid-base status.
Cirrhosis is characterized by fibrosis and nodule formation in the liver. It is a progressive disease that may have many causes, including infection, (hepatitis B and C), alcohol, metabolic, genetic, ...cholestatic, and immunologic factors. Cryptogenic cirrhosis we report an unusual case of cirrhosis due to an anesthetic agent (halothane).
Karaciğer sirozu değişik nedenlerle oluşan fibrozis, nodül oluşumu, karaciğerde hücre inflamasyonu ve nekrozu ile karakterize ilerleyici bir hastalıktır. Günümüzde bir çok neden sirotik proçesten sorumlu tutulmuştur. Bu nedenler sıklıkla enfeksiyoz (hepatit B, hepatit C), alkol, metabolik, genetik, kolestatik, immünolojik nedenler, ilaca bağlı ortaya çıkan kronik karaciğer hasarı ve kriptojenik siroz olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Bu olgumuzda tekraylayan anestetik maddeye (halotan) maruz kalınması sonucu ortaya çıkan bir siroz olgusu sunulacaktır.
Amaç: Maske, konnektör, tüp ve nemli solunum devreleri gibi anestezi ekipmanları infeksiyon vekontaminasyon için iyi bir ortam sağlarlar. Fakat volatil anesteziklerle anestetize edilen hastalarda ...kontaminasyon beklendiği kadar sık değildir. Biz bu çalışmada, halotan, izofluran ve sevofluranın ve anestezi cihazı ortamının in vitro şartlarda C. albicans üreme hızı üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: C. albicans ışık kırıcılığı, spektrofotometre ile 450 nµ'da ölçülerek giriş değeri olarak kaydedildi. Daha sonra C. albicans bir ve iki MAC (Minimum alveolar konsantrasyon) halotan, isofluran ve sevoflurana % 50 oksijenli anestezi cihazı ortamında bir, iki, üç ve dört saat süreyle maruz bırakıldı. C. Albicans'ın işlem sonundaki spektrofotometredeki ölçüm değeri çıkış değeri olarak kaydedildi. Sonuç: Volatil anestezikler ve anestezi cihazı ortamı C. albicans üreme hızını inhibe etti.
Objective: Anesthesia equipment such as masks, connectors, tubes and humid breathing circuits provide a good envoirment for infection and contamination. But contamination is not as frequent as expected in patients anesthetized with volatile anesthetics. In this study, we aimed to study the in vitro effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane, anesthesia equipment conditions on the growth rate of C. albicans. Methods: The light absorbancy of C. albicans was recorded as basic value at 450 nµ with a spectrophotometer. C. albicans inoculated in buyyon was subjected to one and two MAC halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane for one, two, three and four hours in 50% oxygen within the anesthesia machine. The light absorbancy of the C. albicans was recorded at the end of the exposure to volatile anesthetics. A control group was studied without volatile anesthetics. Conclusion: Volatile anesthetics and anesthesia equipment conditions inhibited the growth rate of C. albicans.
Amaç: Anestezi cihazlarında kullanılan maske, konnektör, hortum ve nemli solunum devreleri, enfeksiyon ve kontaminasyon için iyi bir ortam sağlar. Ancak klinik uygulama sırasında kontaminasyon ...beklendiği kadar sık görülmemektedir. Volatil anesteziklerle anestezi verilen hastalarda postoperatif pulmoner enfeksiyon beklenenden daha az ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada volatil anesteziklerden halotan, izofluran ve sevofluranın P. aeruginosa, S. aureus ve E. coli'nin üreme hızı üzerine anestezi cihazı ortamında in vitro şartlarda etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Buyyon içindeki P. aeruginosa, S. aureus ve E. coli'nin spektrofotometrede 450 n$\mu$ dalga boyunda ışık kırıcılığı okunup bazal değer olarak kayıt edildi. Mikroorganizmalar anestezi cihazında % 50 oksijenli ortamda halotan, izofluran ve sevoflurana bir, iki, üç ve dört saat süreyle, 1 MAC ve 2 MAC'da üçer defa maruz bırakıldı. Sürelerin sonunda tekrar mikroorganizmaların ışık kırıcılığı okunup çıkış değeri olarak kayıt edildi. Aynı şekilde volatil anestezik verilmeden kontrol grubu çalışıldı. Bulgular: Halotan, izofluran ve sevofluran P. aeruginosa, S. aureus ve E. coli'nin üreme hızlarını bir, iki, üç ve dördüncü saatte inhibe etti. Inhibitör etki en fazla halotan, en az izofluran ile ortaya çıktı. Bu inhibitör etkiye en duyarlı mikroorganizmalar P. aeruginosa ve E. coli idi. S. aureus ise bu etkiye en dirençli mikroorganizma idi. Sonuç: In vitro şartlarda, halotan, izofluran ve sevofluran, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus ve E. coli'nin üreme hızlarını anestezi cihazı ortamında inhibe etmektedir.
Objective: Anesthesia equipment such as masks, connectors, tubes and humid breathing circuits provide a good environment for infection and contamination. But contamination is not as frequent as expected during clinical practice. Postoperative pulmonary infections appear less than expected in patients anesthetized with volatile anesthetics. In this study, we aimed to study the in vitro effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on the growth rate of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli under anesthesia equipment conditions. Methods: The light absorbency of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli was recorded as basic value at 450 n$\mu$ with a spectrophotometer. Microorganisms inoculated in buyyon were subjected to one and two MAC halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane for one, two, three and four hours in 50% oxygen within the anesthesia machine. The light absorbency of the microorganisms was recorded at the end of the exposure to volatile anesthetics. A control group was studied without volatile anesthetics. Results: Halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane inhibited the growth rate of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli at one, two, three and four hours. The inhibitory effect was greater with halothane and least with isoflurane, the growth rate was suppressed greater in P. aeruginosa and E. coli and least in S. aureus. Conclusion: Under in vitro conditions halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane inhibit growth rate of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli.
Bu çalışma Istanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Cerrahi Anabilim Dalında gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma materyalini 8 adet at oluşturdu. Olgular, halotanla anestezi edildi ve bu anesteziğin arteriyel ...kan basıncı üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Kanulasyon, peri feral bir arterin kateterizasyonu ile gerçekleştirildi. Kan basıncı, basit bir aneroid manometre ile ölçüldü. Halotanla anestezi edilmiş atlarda ortalama arteriyel kan basıncı, anestezi süresince 72.513.40 mmHg, uyanma döneminde 92.5J 2.03 mmHg olarak saptandı.
Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre; ortalama arteriyel kan basıncının rutin olarak ölçülmesinde, aneroid manometre ile hazırlanan düzeneğin; pratik, ucuz ve kolay uygulanabilir bir metot olduğu görülmüştür.
This .study was carried out at the University of Istanbul, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery. The study material was consisted of 8 horses. The horses were anaesthetised with halothane, and its effects on arterial blood pressure were investigated. This was achieved by catheterizing of a peripheral artery. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured using a simple aneroid manometer. The mean arterial blood pressure was 72.513.40 mmHg during anaesthesia and 92.512.03 mmHg during the recovery period in halothane anaesthetised horses. The results obtained in this study indicated that setting up with aneroid manometer appears to be practical, cheap, easily applicable method in monitoring the mean arterial blood pressure routinely.
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