International migration is a major global issue. It is estimated that 3.6% of the world’s population live outside their country of birth. While most of these immigrants migrate voluntarily and ...legally, some of them are asylum seekers and illegal migrants. At frst sight, it appears that the number of migrants emigrating from poor and middle-income countries to wealthy countries for work or living is steadily increasing and many of these migrants attempt to cross international borders illegally into the western countries. However, this myth-based portrayal of immigrants increases fears about their uncontrollability, and it reinforce strict immigration policies at the borders. As a result, such policies push immigrants to use dangerous land and sea routes, and the number of deaths and disappearances of the migrants along these routes is increasing.
Der Text ist eine kurze Rückschau auf die online-Veranstaltung #WirgegenHass - Online-Talk zu Hass - Integration - Hass im Netz am 03.05.2021, durchgeführt von Manuela Pleninger (Fachbereich Frauen, ...Sport & Integration/akzente Salzburg), Jad Turjman (Heroes/akzente Salzburg) und Sonja Messner (Fachbereich Medien & Gesellschaft/akzente Salzburg).
A convective drying process was optimized as strategy to produce dehydrated ingredients with high antioxidant capacity; using Hass avocado byproducts (peels and seeds). Studied processing variables ...were: temperature (45 °C–75 °C), air-flow (0.8 m/s to 1.8 m/s) and loading density (1 kg/m2 to 3 kg/m2). The response variables were Total Phenol Content (TPC) and Antioxidant Capacity (DPPH). Drying kinetic analysis revealed that seeds had higher water diffusivity than peels, but the latter showed shorter drying times. Multiple optimization routines allowed maximizing simultaneously DPPH and TPC. Thus, 62.82% and 54.81% of the initial TPC was retained in dehydrated peels and seeds, respectively. Sorption isotherms for both dehydrated byproducts showed that avocado seeds were more hygroscopic than peels, which was attributed to differences on their composition. This research has outlined a useful tool for the transformation of avocado wastes into storable commodities with high antioxidant properties which may have different food uses.
•A drying process was studied to exploit phenolic compounds from avocado wastes.•The shorter drying times were observed for peels in comparison to seeds.•Desirability function allowed simultaneous optimization of TPC and DPPH.•Optimized drying process retained around 70% of antioxidants of avocado byproducts.•Drying was useful for transformation of avocado wastes into stable commodities.
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•Polyphenol were more abundant in avocado peels than in kernels.•Peels presented the highest antioxidant potential due to polyphenol content.•Peels revealed a better performance in ...the antibacterial assays.•(Epi)catechin derivatives are the main polyphenols in both byproducts.
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a worldwide consumed fruit, with great interest for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries; however, 30% of avocado fruits are bio-wastes (peels and kernels), converting them into a potential source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds. Therefore, the hydroethanolic extracts of peels and kernels of Persea america Mill. var. Hass were analysed regarding their individual phenolic profile by HPLC-DAD/ESI–MS and correlated with their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Avocado by-products presented a very distinct phenolic profile, presenting higher concentration in peels (227.9mg/g of extract for total phenolic content), mainly in (epi)catechin derivatives (175mg/g of extract), followed by chlorogenic derivatives (42.9mg/g of extract). In this study hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant assays were performed together for the first time in P. americana by-products, and although kernels showed a great antioxidant potential (EC50 values ranging from 18.1 to 276μg/mL), peels presented the highest potential (EC50 ranging from 11.7 to 152μg/mL), mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds, and an overall better performance in the antibacterial assays. Further studies needs to be conducted to better understand the correlation between the presence of phenolic compounds and bioactivities, however, the main objective is to implement these biocompounds in different products and industries, due to results obtained, P. americana peels could be a great alternative in the substitution of synthetic antioxidants.
We have studied the electronic structure of electron-doped cuprate superconductors via measurements of high-field Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in thin films. In optimally doped Pr2−xCexCuO4 δ and ...La2−xCexCuO4 δ, quantum oscillations indicate the presence of a small Fermi surface, demonstrating that electronic reconstruction is a general feature of the electron-doped cuprates, despite the location of the superconducting dome at very different doping levels. Negative high-field magnetoresistance is correlated with an anomalous low-temperature change in scattering that modifies the amplitude of quantum oscillations. This behavior is consistent with effects attributed to spin fluctuations.
Higher education (HE) has become a common pathway into game development careers. Previous research with students and educators has shown how game development HE exemplifies a “creative industries” ...approach that seemingly marries technical and creative skills, professionalism and passion, and individualistic entrepreneurism and interdisciplinary collaboration. However, little research has considered the varied institutional contexts such students and educators find themselves entrenched in. In this article, we argue that game development HE does not simply marry the technical and creative but is instead torn between different disciplinary cultures, ideologies, and aims. Drawing from data on 119 game development HE programs in Australia, we show that while game development HE is consistently positioned as a pathway toward student employability, just what skills and identities are emphasized as crucial for such employability varies pending on the program's institutional context—ultimately showing that combining creativity and technology is neither a straightforward nor neutral process.
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit hang on the tree in a physiologically mature but unripe state for many months. We hypothesised that this was due to an on-tree ripening block that prevents the ...development of ethylene sensitivity in the fruit. Physiologically mature fruit, determined by size and dry matter content, were categorised into ethylene sensitive or insensitive based on whether an ethylene treatment at harvest accelerated ripening. Using tissue biopsies taken from the fruit 2 d prior to their harvest, ethylene-insensitive mature fruit were found to have retained the transcriptome profile of very young immature fruit and were enriched in transcripts related to gibberellin biosynthesis and auxin signalling. Transcript abundance of GIBBERELLIN 20-OXIDASE, GIBBERELLIN METHYLTRANSFERASE and IAA13 in mesocarp biopsies taken 7 d before the fruit were harvested could predict the ethylene sensitivity status of the fruit. Upon harvest, the fruit with low transcript abundance of these genes responded to the ethylene challenge by producing ethylene and ripening earlier, whereas the fruit with high transcript abundance were unresponsive to ethylene and ripened with similar timing to fruit not exposed to ethylene. We conclude that avocado fruit on-tree have different strengths of ripening inhibition, which is caused by the differential retention of gibberellin and auxin-related biology that affects their sensitivity to ethylene.
•Avocado fruit do not ripen on the tree.•Fruit detached from the tree initiated ripening at varying times.•The acquisition of ethylene sensitivity controlled when ripening began.•Ethylene insensitive fruit were linked to auxin and gibberellin transcripts.•GMT, GAO and IAA13 mRNA abundance could predict fruit ethylene-insensitivity.
Avocado (
) is one of the most important crops in Mexico as it is the main producer, consumer, and exporter of avocado fruit in the world. However, successful avocado commercialization is often ...reduced by large postharvest losses due to
sp., the causal agent of anthracnose. Chitosan is known to have a direct antifungal effect and acts also as an elicitor capable of stimulating a defense response in plants. However, there is little information regarding the genes that are either activated or repressed in fruits treated with chitosan. The aim of this study was to identify by RNA-seq the genes differentially regulated by the action of low molecular weight chitosan in the avocado-chitosan-
interaction system. The samples for RNA-seq were obtained from fruits treated with chitosan, fruits inoculated with
and fruits both treated with chitosan and inoculated with the fungus. Non-treated and non-inoculated fruits were also analyzed. Expression profiles showed that in short times, the fruit-chitosan system presented a greater number of differentially expressed genes, compared to the fruit-pathogen system. Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes showed a large number of metabolic processes regulated by chitosan, including those preventing the spread of
. It was also found that there is a high correlation between the expression of genes
and qPCR of several genes involved in different metabolic pathways.
The introduction of new avocado cultivars into producing countries of the Southern Hemisphere may extend the offer period of fresh fruit for export. The ‘Gem’ (‘3-29-5’) avocado is known for ...extending the marketing period of ‘Hass’-like avocados. This study aimed to evaluate the horticultural performance of ‘Gem’ avocado trees between the 4th and 6th years after planting (2016-2018), in a commercial orchard in the Central-Western region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. ‘Gem’ avocado trees grafted onto seedling rootstocks were evaluated regarding tree size, shoot growth, flowering, and fruit yield, quality and maturation. In the evaluated biennium, the trees showed a strong upright growth habit and compact tree size. Flowering occurred mainly in indeterminate inflorescences. Fruit yield varied between 106.89 to 116.89 kg tree-1, and 75-91% of the fruit classified within size counts 12 (306 to 365 g/fruit) to 18 (211 to 235 g/fruit), and reached physiological maturity in late June, but could be picked until October, i.e, four to eight months later than ‘Hass’. ‘Gem’ is a new alternative for extending fruit offer of late-maturity avocado cultivars and allowing higher profit to the farmers.
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