Asthma, hay fever (or allergic rhinitis) and eczema (or atopic dermatitis) often coexist in the same individuals, partly because of a shared genetic origin. To identify shared risk variants, we ...performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS; n = 360,838) of a broad allergic disease phenotype that considers the presence of any one of these three diseases. We identified 136 independent risk variants (P < 3 × 10
), including 73 not previously reported, which implicate 132 nearby genes in allergic disease pathophysiology. Disease-specific effects were detected for only six variants, confirming that most represent shared risk factors. Tissue-specific heritability and biological process enrichment analyses suggest that shared risk variants influence lymphocyte-mediated immunity. Six target genes provide an opportunity for drug repositioning, while for 36 genes CpG methylation was found to influence transcription independently of genetic effects. Asthma, hay fever and eczema partly coexist because they share many genetic risk variants that dysregulate the expression of immune-related genes.
ABSTRACT
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases in the world. In AC, T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses play central roles in orchestrating inflammatory ...responses. However, the roles of lipid mediators in the onset and progression of AC remain to be fully explored. Although previous reports have shown the beneficial effects of supplementation of ω‐3 fatty acids in asthma or atopic dermatitis, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, a diet rich in ω‐3 fatty acids alleviated AC symptoms in both early and late phases without affecting Th2 immune responses, but rather by altering the lipid mediator profiles. The ω‐3 fatty acids completely suppressed scratching behavior toward the eyes, an allergic reaction provoked by itch. Although total serum IgE levels and the expression levels of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in the conjunctiva were not altered by ω‐3 fatty acids, eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva was dramatically suppressed. The levels of ω‐6–derived proinflammatory lipid mediators, including those with chemoattractant properties for eosinophils, were markedly reduced in the conjunctivae of ω‐3 diet–fed mice. Dietary ω‐3 fatty acids can alleviate a variety of symptoms of AC by altering the lipid mediator profile.—Hirakata, T., Lee, H.‐C., Ohba, M., Saeki, K., Okuno, T., Murakami, A., Matsuda, A., Yokomizo, T. Dietary ω‐3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating Th2 immune responses. FASEB J. 33, 3392–3403 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that children who grow up on traditional farms are protected from asthma, hay fever and allergic sensitization. Early-life contact with livestock and their ...fodder, and consumption of unprocessed cow's milk have been identified as the most effective protective exposures. Studies of the immunobiology of farm living point to activation and modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by intense microbial exposures and possibly xenogeneic signals delivered before or soon after birth.
Treatment of Allergies to Fur Animals Rosada, Tomasz; Bartuzi, Zbigniew; Grześk-Kaczyńska, Magdalena ...
International journal of molecular sciences,
06/2024, Letnik:
25, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Allergy to fur animals is becoming an increasingly common clinical problem in everyday medical practice. Depending on the route of exposure to the allergen, patients present with many, often ...non-specific symptoms. The most common illnesses among people with allergies to the above-mentioned allergens are as follows: allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic bronchial asthma, food allergy, allergic contact dermatitis, and sometimes anaphylactic shock. In recent years, there has been a change in the holistic approach to the treatment of allergy patients. The method of treatment should be tailored to a specific patient, taking into account his or her predispositions, economic possibilities, and therapeutic goals. The article describes the main methods of treating allergies, focusing primarily on allergies to fur animals. Allergy treatment always requires great care, and qualification for specific types of therapy should be preceded by a thorough and accurate diagnosis.
Objectives: The present study evaluates the prevalence of monosensitization and polysensitization in patients with pollen-hypersensitive moderate-to-severe persistent allergic rhinitis (AR), and ...determines the clinical characteristics of the two phenotypes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 160 patients with moderate-to-severe persistent AR among the 3,699 patients who presented to allergy outpatient clinics who were found to have hypersensitivity to pollen based on a skin prick test and/or allergen-specific IgE positivity. The patients were divided into two groups: monosensitized (hypersensitivity to pollen alone), and polysensitized (hypersensitivity to pollen and other allergens). Both groups were evaluated for allergen hypersensitivity, symptoms of AR, symptom frequency and comorbidities related to AR.
Results: Of the 160 patients, 83 (51.9%) were monosensitized and 77 (48.1%) were polysensitized. The mean age was 29.5 ± 10.7 yeasrs and 28.3 ± 8.3 years, respectively and the female-to-male ratio was 42/41 and 47/30 in the two groups. Nasal congestion was remarkably more common in the polysensitized patients than in the monosensitized patients (p = 0.01). Hypersensitivity to weed mix and Cupressus arizonica pollen identified with a skin prick test was significantly more common in the polysensitized patients than in the monosensitized patients (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). The two groups were similar in terms of the prevalence of asthma and other comorbidities related to rhinitis (p = 0.78).
Conclusions: In this single-center study, the rates of monosensitization and polysensitization were found to be similar in patients with pollen-hypersensitive moderate-to-severe AR, and the clinical characteristics of the polysensitized phenotype were different from those of the monosensitized phenotype.
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