AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the compliance with prospective registration and inclusion of the trial registration number (TRN) in published randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and to analyse the ...rationale behind, and detect selective registration bias in, retrospective trial registration.DesignCross sectional analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, the 17 World Health Organization’s trial registries, University of Toronto library, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) list of member journals, and the InCites Journal Citation Reports.Study selection criteriaRCTs registered in any WHO trial registry and published in any PubMed indexed journal in 2018.ResultsThis study included 10 500 manuscripts published in 2105 journals. Overall, 71.2% (7473/10500) reported the TRN and 41.7% (3013/7218) complied with prospective trial registration. The univariable and multivariable analyses reported significant relations (P<0.05) between reporting the TRN and the impact factor and ICMJE membership of the publishing journal. A significant relation (P<0.05) was also observed between prospective trial registration and the registry, region, condition, funding, trial size, interval between paper registration and submission dates, impact factor, and ICMJE membership of the publishing journal. A manuscript published in an ICMJE member journal was 5.8 times more likely to include the TRN (odds ratio 5.8, 95% confidence interval 4.0 to 8.2), and a published trial was 1.8 times more likely to be registered prospectively (1.8, 1.5 to 2.2) when published in an ICMJE member journal compared with other journals. This study detected a new form of bias, selective registration bias, with a higher proportion (85.2% (616/723)) of trials registered retrospectively within a year of submission for publication. Higher rates of retrospective registrations were observed within the first three to eight weeks after enrolment of study participants. Within the 286 RCTs registered retrospectively and published in an ICMJE member journal, only 2.8% (8/286) of the authors included a statement justifying the delayed registration. Reasons included lack of awareness, error of omission, and the registration process taking longer than anticipated.ConclusionsThis study found a high compliance in reporting of the TRN for trial papers published in ICMJE member journals, but prospective trial registration was low.
Identity Work and Legitimacy Brown, Andrew D.; Toyoki, Sammy
Organization studies,
07/2013, Letnik:
34, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We analyse the relationships between identity work and internal legitimacy. Based on an in-depth case study of prisoners in Helsinki Prison, we focus on how their identity work affirmed and contested ...three kinds of institutional legitimacy – pragmatic, moral and cognitive. The research contribution we make is to show that some forms of identity work are also a form of internal legitimacy work, and how this identity talk constructs organizations as more (or less) legitimate. This is important because it demonstrates that identity work is an intrinsic (though often overlooked) aspect of processes of organizing.
The article aims to examine and compare the energy transition process in three EU capitals – Copenhagen, Helsinki, and Stockholm. All three EU Nordic capital cities have similar climate conditions as ...well as demographic and economic potential. They work towards the transition from fossil fuel energy to renewable energy, and their achievements in this field are evidenced by their positions in the most influential rankings. As the capitals of EU members, all cities are obliged to contribute to ambitious climate policy targets such as the European Green Deal, aimed at GHG emission reduction by 2030 and becoming climate-neutral by 2050. The article focuses on similarities and differences in pathways followed by the three cities and describes the factors that facilitate their energy transition as well as problematic issues that may delay the process. It is based on a comparative case studies model that involves gathering and analysing both qualitative and quantitative data.
•The article compares Copenhagen, Helsinki, and Stockholm's progress in energy transition.•They follow a generally similar pattern of energy transition and their efforts concentrate on ensuring carbon neutrality.•The energy transition in transport is the biggest challenge for all cities.•Consequently, the implementation of the EU's targets by Copenhagen, Helsinki, and Stockholm is not as simple as expected.
BACKGROUND:Early computerized tomography (CT) abnormalities are important predictors of outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
OBJECTIVE:To develop a novel CT scoring system (Helsinki CT score) ...and to compare it with the Marshall CT classification and the Rotterdam CT score in predicting long-term outcome of patients with TBI.
METHODS:Eight hundred sixty-nine consecutive TBI patients were included in this open-cohort, retrospective, single-center study. Logistic regression was used to develop the Helsinki CT score. The scores from the Marshall, Rotterdam, and Helsinki CT scoring methods were added to a clinical model based on age, motor score, and pupils to evaluate their value in predicting outcome. Internal validity was assessed by a bootstrap technique and expressed as area under the curve (AUC). Outcome was 6-month unfavorable neurological outcome and mortality.
RESULTS:Variables included in the Helsinki CT score were bleeding type and size, intraventricular hemorrhage, and suprasellar cisterns. In the present data set, the performance of the Helsinki CT score was superior to that of the Marshall CT and Rotterdam CT scores (AUC, 0.74-0.75 vs 0.63-0.70; P < .001). Addition of the Helsinki CT score modestly increased prognostic performance of the clinical model (AUC neurological outcome +0.02 P = .002; AUC mortality, +0.01 P = .21). In contrast, the Marshall and Rotterdam CT scores were of no additional predictive value to the clinical model (P > .05).
CONCLUSION:Use of the novel Helsinki CT score improved outcome prediction accuracy, and the Helsinki CT score is a feasible alternative to the Rotterdam and Marshall CT systems. External validation of the Helsinki CT score is advocated to show generalizability.
ABBREVIATIONS:AOR, adjusted odds ratioAUC, area under the receiver-operating curveCI, confidence intervalEDH, epidural hematomaGCS, Glasgow Coma ScaleGOS, Glasgow Outcome ScaleICH, intracerebral hemorrhageIMPACT, International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBIIVH, intraventricular hemorrhageSDH, subdural hematomaTBO, traumatic brain injurytSAH, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
Although the use of asbestos has been banned in several industrialized countries, many workers continue to be exposed in asbestos repair and removal work, and asbestos is still widely used in various ...newly industrialized, rapidly developing countries. According to the most recent World Health Organization estimates, more than 107,000 people die each year from asbestos-related lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis resulting from exposure at work. The asbestos epidemic is far from over. The expert meeting on "asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer" was convened in Helsinki in 1997 and consisted of 19 participants from eight countries. This meeting had the goal to "discuss disorders in association with asbestos and agree upon state of the art criteria for diagnosis and attribution with respect to asbestos". This report summarizes the results of a project, organized by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), to update the 1997 and 2000 Helsinki criteria documents in view of the new advances in research.
► The paper investigates knowledge-based urban development performance of Helsinki. ► The paper compares Helsinki’s development performance internationally. ► The paper explores the usefulness of an ...indicator-based benchmarking procedure. ► The paper demonstrates a method to benchmark knowledge-based urban development.
In the era of a global knowledge economy, urban regions that seek to increase their competitive edge, become destinations for talent and investment and provide prosperity and high quality of life to their inhabitants have little chance of achieving these goals without forming effective knowledge-based urban development strategies. The research reported in this paper aims to address the questions of how a knowledge-based urban development performance measurement can be undertaken and the value contribution of such measurement. The paper focuses on the city of Helsinki. This empirical study analytically investigates Helsinki’s performance from the lens of knowledge-based urban development by comparing this urban region with eight international competitors, Boston, San Francisco, Birmingham, Manchester, Melbourne, Sydney, Toronto, and Vancouver. The results of the study not only reveal a clearer understanding of Helsinki’s benchmarked performance and competitive edge considering the regional policy context along with strategic directions in strengthening its international standing and competitiveness but also provide useful insights for other urban regions that aspire to such development.
Background:
Blood biomarkers may enhance outcome prediction performance of head computed tomography scores in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Objective:
To investigate whether admission levels of eight ...different protein biomarkers can improve the outcome prediction performance of the Helsinki computed tomography score (HCTS) without clinical covariates in TBI.
Materials and methods:
Eighty-two patients with computed tomography positive TBIs were included in this study. Plasma levels of β-amyloid isoforms 1–40 (Aβ40) and 1–42 (Aβ42), glial fibrillary acidic protein, heart fatty acid-binding protein, interleukin 10 (IL-10), neurofilament light, S100 calcium-binding protein B, and total tau were measured within 24 h from admission. The patients were divided into favorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended 5–8,
n
= 49) and unfavorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended 1–4,
n
= 33) groups. The outcome was assessed 6–12 months after injury. An optimal predictive panel was investigated with the sensitivity set at 90–100%.
Results:
The HCTS alone yielded a sensitivity of 97.0% (95% CI: 90.9–100) and specificity of 22.4% (95% CI: 10.2–32.7) and partial area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1–4.7), in discriminating patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes. The threshold to detect a patient with unfavorable outcome was an HCTS > 1. The three best individually performing biomarkers in outcome prediction were Aβ40, Aβ42, and neurofilament light. The optimal panel included IL-10, Aβ40, and the HCTS reaching a partial area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 3.4% (95% CI: 1.7–6.2) with a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI: 81.8–100) and specificity of 59.2% (95% CI: 40.8–69.4).
Conclusion:
Admission plasma levels of IL-10 and Aβ40 significantly improve the prognostication ability of the HCTS after TBI.
Onset of allergic asthma has a strong association with childhood but only a few studies have analyzed incidence of asthma from childhood to late adulthood in relation to allergy. The purpose of the ...study was to assess age-specific incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma.
Questionnaires were sent to 8000 randomly selected recipients aged 20-69 years in Finland in 2016. The response rate was 52.3% (n = 4173). The questionnaire included questions on e.g. atopic status, asthma and age at asthma diagnosis. Asthma was classified allergic if also a physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was reported.
The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis were 11.2 and 17.8%, respectively. Of the 445 responders with physician-diagnosed asthma, 52% were classified as allergic and 48% as non-allergic. Median ages at diagnosis of allergic and non-allergic asthma were 19 and 35 years, respectively. Among subjects with asthma diagnosis at ages 0-9, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 years, 70, 62, 58, 53, 38, 19 and 33%, respectively, were allergic. For non-allergic asthma, the incidence rate was lowest in children and young adults (0.7/1000/year). It increased after middle age and was highest in older age groups (2.4/1000/year in 50-59 years old).
The incidence of allergic asthma is highest in early childhood and steadily decreases with advancing age, while the incidence of non-allergic asthma is low until it peaks in late adulthood. After approximately 40 years of age, most of the new cases of asthma are non-allergic.
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