Od proljeća 1945. intenzivirale su se japanske diplomatske aktivnosti za prekid rata, vojne pripreme za odlučujuću bitku; američke za brzo i pobjedonosno okončanje sukoba bezuvjetnom kapitulacijom ...neprijatelja te sovjetske za što brži i uspješniji ulazak u dalekoistočni rat. Cilj ovoga preglednog članka jest razmotriti utjecaj atomskih bomba, odnosno sovjetske invazije Mandžurije, na japansku odluku o prihvaćanju bezuvjetne kapitulacije u kontekstu spomenutih procesa. Pritisnut ratnom i ekonomskom realnošću, Japan je u proljeće 1945. bio zreo za kapitulaciju, no njegova militaristička vrhuška tvrdoglavo je odbijala položiti oružje, pripremajući posljednju veliku bitku. Istovremeno, japanska diplomacija pokušavala je navesti SSSR na ulogu medijatora između Japana i Saveznika, a objema je stranama najmanji zajednički nazivnik bio očuvanje sovjetske neutralnosti, formalno zajamčene Sovjetsko-japanskim sporazumom o nenapadanju. SSSR je sa svoje strane nastojao Japance zavlačiti diplomatskim procedurama što duže bude moguće, kako bi se jedinice Crvene armije mogle što bolje pripremiti za napad na Mandžuriju. Amerikanci su u veljači 1945. bili uvjereni kako za uspješan pohod protiv Japana treba suradnja s SSSR-om, napadom na Kvantunšku armiju u Mandžuriji pa su je i dogovorili tijekom konferencije u Jalti. Do Potsdamske konferencije situacija se promijenila i sovjetsko sudjelovanje više nije bilo nužno te su Amerikaci napravili sve što su mogli kako bi usporili i odgodili sovjetsko priključenje ratu. Jedna od poduzetih akcija bilo je i atomsko bombardiranje Hirošime i Nagasakija, koje nije previše impresioniralo japansku vrhušku jer to su bila samo dva od više od šezdeset gradova uništenih od proljeća 1945. godine. Konačno, ulaskom SSSR-a u rat, japanski militaristi su napokon shvatili i prihvatili beznadnost situacije i potpomognuti „svetom odlukom“ cara Hirohita, napokon pristali na mir.
This book explores the American use of atomic bombs and the role these weapons played in the defeat of the Japanese Empire in World War II. It focuses on President Harry S. Truman's decision-making ...regarding this most controversial of all his decisions. The book relies on notable archival research and the best and most recent scholarship on the subject to fashion an incisive overview that is fair and forceful in its judgments. This study addresses a subject that has been much debated among historians and it confronts head-on the highly disputed claim that the Truman administration practised 'atomic diplomacy'. The book goes beyond its central historical analysis to ask whether it was morally right for the United States to use these terrible weapons against Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It also provides a balanced evaluation of the relationship between atomic weapons and the origins of the Cold War.
Hiroshima Nakazawa, Keiji; Minear, Richard H
2010., 2010, 2010-11-16
eBook
This compelling autobiography tells the life story of famed manga artist Nakazawa Keiji. Born in Hiroshima in 1939, Nakazawa was six years old when on August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the ...atomic bomb. His gritty and stunning account of the horrific aftermath is powerfully told through the eyes of a child who lost most of his family and neighbors. In eminently readable and beautifully translated prose, the narrative continues through the brutally difficult years immediately after the war, his art apprenticeship in Tokyo, his pioneering "atomic-bomb" manga, and the creation of Barefoot Gen, the classic graphic novel based on Nakazawa's experiences before, during, and after the bomb. This first English-language translation of Nakazawa's autobiography includes twenty pages of excerpts from Barefoot Gen to give readers who don't know the manga a taste of its power and scope. A recent interview with the author brings his life up to the present. His trenchant hostility to Japanese imperialism, the emperor and the emperor system, and U.S. policy adds important nuance to the debate over Hiroshima. Despite the grimness of his early life, Nakazawa never succumbs to pessimism or defeatism. His trademark optimism and activism shine through in this inspirational work.
National Tax Agency (NTA) has implemented workload management and Kaizen activities as nationwide standard ways for management. The former is based on personal records on workload. These ways have ...been pointed out similarity to management accounting methods. From 2014, Hiroshima Regional Bureau in NTA, developed these ways and has implemented Person-day management equivalent to Activity-Based Management. Relating to this management, they have executed Kaizen activities focusing on standardization, as micro-level, and, as macro-level, they have shared maps showing organizational strategies equivalent to Strategy-map and Logic-model. This case report is related to management accounting practices in Hiroshima Regional Bureau, NTA, around 6 years.
This monograph explores the ethics and religious sensibilities of a group of the hibakusha (survivors) of 1945's atomic bombings. Unfortunately, their ethic of "not retaliation, but reconciliation" ...has not been widely recognized, perhaps obscured by the mushroom cloud symbol of American weaponry, victory, and scientific achievement. However, it is worth examining the habakushas' philosophy, supported by their religious sensibilities, as it offers resources to reconcile contested issues of public memories in our contemporary world, especially in the post 9-11 era. Their determination not to let anyone further suffer from nuclear weaponry, coupled with critical self-reflection, does not encourage the imputation of responsibility for dropping the bombs; rather, hibakusha often consider themselves "sinners" (as with the Catholics in Nagasaki; or bonbu unenlightened persons in the context of True Pure Land Buddhism in Hiroshima). For example, Nagai Takashi in Nagasaki's Catholic community wrote, "How noble, how splendid was that holocaust of August 9, when flames soared up from the cathedral, dispelling the darkness of war and bringing the light of peace!" He even urges that we "give thanks that Nagasaki was chosen for the sacrifice." Meanwhile, Koji Shigenobu, a True Pure Land priest, says that the atomic bombing was the result of errors on the part of the Hiroshima citizens, the Japanese people, and the whole of human kind. Based on the idea of acknowledging one's own fault, or more broadly one's sinful nature, the hibakusha's' ethic provides a step toward reconciliation, and challenges the foundation of ethics by obscuring the dichotomyies of right and the wrong, forgiver and forgiven, victim and victimizer. To this end, the methodology Miyamoto employs is moral hermeneutics, interpreting testimonies, public speeches, and films as texts, with interlocutors such as Avishai Margalit (philosopher), Sueki Fumihiko (Buddhist philosopher), Nagai Takashi (lay Catholic thinker), and Shinran (the founder of True Pure Land Buddhism).
Few aspects of American military history have been as vigorously debated as Harry Truman's decision to use atomic bombs against Japan. In this carefully crafted volume, Michael Kort describes the ...wartime circumstances and thinking that form the context for the decision to use these weapons, surveys the major debates related to that decision, and provides a comprehensive collection of key primary source documents that illuminate the behavior of the United States and Japan during the closing days of World War II. Kort opens with a summary of the debate over Hiroshima as it has evolved since 1945. He then provides a historical overview of thye events in question, beginning with the decision and program to build the atomic bomb. Detailing the sequence of events leading to Japan's surrender, he revisits the decisive battles of the Pacific War and the motivations of American and Japanese leaders. Finally, Kort examines ten key issues in the discussion of Hiroshima and guides readers to relevant primary source documents, scholarly books, and articles.
Hiroshima Bugi is an ingenious kabuki novel that begins in the ruins of the Atomic Bomb Dome, a new Rashomon Gate. Ronin Browne, the humane peace contender, is the hafu orphan son of Okichi, a ...Japanese boogie-woogie dancer, and Nightbreaker, an Anishinaabe from the White Earth Reservation who served as an interpreter for General Douglas MacArthur during the first year of the American occupation in Japan.   Ronin draws on samurai and native traditions to confront the moral burdens and passive notions of nuclear peace celebrated at the Peace Memorial Museum in Hiroshima. He creates a new calendar that starts with the first use of atomic weapons, Atomu One. Ronin accosts the spirits of the war dead at Yasukuni Jinga. He then marches into the national shrine and shouts to Tojo Hideki and other war criminals to come out and face the spirits of thousands of devoted children who were sacrificed at Hiroshima.   In Hiroshima Bugi: Atomu 57 acclaimed Anishinaabe writer Gerald Vizenor has created a dynamic meditation on nuclear devastation and our inability to grasp fully its presence or its legacy
Korean atomic bomb victims Sasamoto, Yukuo
Historia scientiarum,
2009, Letnik:
19, Številka:
2
Journal Article
After colonizing Korea, Japan invaded China, and subsequently initiated the Pacific War against the United States, Britain, and their allies. Towards the end of the war, U.S. warplanes dropped atomic ...bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which resulted in a large number of Koreans who lived in Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffering from the effects of the bombs. The objective of this paper is to examine the history of Korea atomic bomb victims who were caught in between the U.S., Japan, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
