Internationally, ovarian cancer is the 7th leading cancer diagnosis and 8th leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Ovarian cancer incidence varies by region, particularly when comparing high ...vs. low‐income countries. Temporal changes in reproductive factors coupled with shifts in diagnostic criteria may have influenced incidence trends of ovarian cancer and relative rates by histologic subtype. Accordingly, we evaluated trends in ovarian cancer incidence overall (1973–1977 to 2003–2007) and by histologic subtype (1988–1992 to 2003–2007) using volumes IV–IX of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database (CI5plus) and CI5X (volume X) database. Annual percent changes were calculated for ovarian cancer incidence trends, and rates of histologic subtypes for individual countries were compared to overall international incidence. Ovarian cancer incidence rates were stable across regions, although there were notable increases in Eastern/Southern Europe (e.g., Poland: Annual Percent Change (APC) 1.6%, p = 0.02) and Asia (e.g., Japan: APC 1.7%, p = 0.01) and decreases in Northern Europe (e.g., Denmark: APC −0.7%, p = 0.01) and North America (e.g., US Whites: APC −0.9%, p < 0.01). Relative proportions of histologic subtypes were similar across countries, except for Asian nations, where clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas comprised a higher proportion of the rate and serous carcinomas comprised a lower proportion of the rate than the worldwide distribution. Geographic variation in temporal trends of ovarian cancer incidence and differences in the distribution of histologic subtype may be partially explained by reproductive and genetic factors. Thus, histology‐specific ovarian cancer should continue to be monitored to further understand the etiology of this neoplasm.
What's new?
In 2012 nearly one‐quarter of a million women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer, the deadliest form of gynecological cancer. Ovarian cancer incidence and mortality rates vary, however, depending on geographical region. In this analysis of ovarian cancer by country and histologic subtype, trends in overall incidence were found to have remained stable from 1973‐77 to 2003‐07. Deviations included incidence increases in Eastern/Southern Europe and Asia and decreases in Northern Europe and North America. The distribution of epithelial ovarian cancer was similar across countries, except in Asia, where proportions of clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas were relatively high and serous carcinomas low.
Reducing the global burden of sepsis, a recognized global health challenge, requires comprehensive data on the incidence and mortality on a global scale.
To estimate the worldwide incidence and ...mortality of sepsis and identify knowledge gaps based on available evidence from observational studies.
We systematically searched 15 international citation databases for population-level estimates of sepsis incidence rates and fatality in adult populations using consensus criteria and published in the last 36 years.
The search yielded 1,553 reports from 1979 to 2015, of which 45 met our criteria. A total of 27 studies from seven high-income countries provided data for metaanalysis. For these countries, the population incidence rate was 288 (95% confidence interval CI, 215-386; τ = 0.55) for hospital-treated sepsis cases and 148 (95% CI, 98-226; τ = 0.99) for hospital-treated severe sepsis cases per 100,000 person-years. Restricted to the last decade, the incidence rate was 437 (95% CI, 334-571; τ = 0.38) for sepsis and 270 (95% CI, 176-412; τ = 0.60) for severe sepsis cases per 100,000 person-years. Hospital mortality was 17% for sepsis and 26% for severe sepsis during this period. There were no population-level sepsis incidence estimates from lower-income countries, which limits the prediction of global cases and deaths. However, a tentative extrapolation from high-income country data suggests global estimates of 31.5 million sepsis and 19.4 million severe sepsis cases, with potentially 5.3 million deaths annually.
Population-level epidemiologic data for sepsis are scarce and nonexistent for low- and middle-income countries. Our analyses underline the urgent need to implement global strategies to measure sepsis morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Cancer statistics: Breast cancer in situ Ward, Elizabeth M.; DeSantis, Carol E.; Lin, Chun Chieh ...
CA: a cancer journal for clinicians,
November/December 2015, Letnik:
65, Številka:
6
Journal Article
GIDVis is a software package based on MATLAB specialized for, but not limited to, the visualization and analysis of grazing‐incidence thin‐film X‐ray diffraction data obtained during sample rotation ...around the surface normal. GIDVis allows the user to perform detector calibration, data stitching, intensity corrections, standard data evaluation (e.g. cuts and integrations along specific reciprocal‐space directions), crystal phase analysis etc. To take full advantage of the measured data in the case of sample rotation, pole figures can easily be calculated from the experimental data for any value of the scattering angle covered. As an example, GIDVis is applied to phase analysis and the evaluation of the epitaxial alignment of pentacenequinone crystallites on a single‐crystalline Au(111) surface.
GIDVis is a software package based on MATLAB which is specialized for the visualization and analysis of grazing‐incidence thin‐film X‐ray diffraction data obtained during sample rotation around the surface normal. Using GIDVis, detector calibration, data stitching, intensity corrections, cuts and integrations, crystal phase analysis, and calculation of pole figures can be easily performed.
Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer Ilic, Milena; Ilic, Irena
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG,
11/2016, Letnik:
22, Številka:
44
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause ...of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11
most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6% (ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
Based on an analysis of claims-based data of 8.298 million members of two German statutory health insurance funds, the aim of this contribution is to quantify age-/gender-specific ...prevalence/incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a German setting.
Patients were classified as AF prevalent, if they had received at least two outpatient diagnoses of AF (ICD10-Code I48.1-) in two different quarters of the year and/or had received at least one main AF diagnosis during inpatient treatment between 1 January 2007 and 12 December 2008. They were considered to have had new onset AF in 2008 under the following conditions; first, there was no AF diagnosis in 2007; secondly, patients had not received oral anticoagulant medication in 2007; and thirdly, patients had received either one inpatient/two outpatient diagnoses of AF in 2008. In our sample, a total of 176 891 patients had AF. AF prevalence was 2.132%. The average age of these AF patients was 73.1 years, and 55.5% (98 190 patients) were male. The incidence of AF in our sample was 4.358 cases/1000 person-years in men and 3.868 cases/1000 person-years in women.
A comparison of the distribution of AF prevalence/incidence in our population with that in already published studies showed that our figures were higher, especially in the age groups above 70 years. Our data show that in a large industrial nation such as Germany care provision structures are going to be challenged by a requirement to treat more AF patients in the future.
A male predominance was observed in esophageal and gastric cancers, though present limited data has revealed variations by age. We aim to investigate the global age‐specific sex differences in ...esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC). Data on esophageal and gastric cancers incidence by diagnosis year, sex, histology, subsite and age group were extracted from 171 registries in 54 countries included in the last two volumes (X and XI, 2003‐2012) of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, which contributing to over 80% of the global burdens of these cancers. Age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and male‐to‐female ASIRs ratios were estimated for esophageal and gastric cancers, by histological subtype and subsite, globally and by country. We consistently observed a male predominance in esophageal and gastric cancers across the world from 2003 to 2012, with male‐to‐female ASIRs ratios of 6.7:1 for EAC, 3.3:1 for ESCC, 4.0:1 for GCC and 2.1:1 for GNCC. The sex differences were consistent across time periods but varied significantly by age across the life span. Across the four cancer types, the male‐to‐female incidence rate ratios increased from young ages, approaching a peak at ages 60‐64, but sharply declined thereafter. Similar “low‐high‐low” trends of age‐specific sex ratio were observed in other digestive cancers including liver, pancreas, colon and rectum with peak ages ranging from 50 to 65. Age‐dependent risk factors warrant further investigation to aid our understanding of the underlying etiologies of esophageal and gastric cancers by histological subtype and subsite.
What's new?
Marked differences exist between men and women in the incidence of esophageal and gastric cancers. These disparities, however, are not explained solely by variances between the sexes in the distribution of major risk factors, suggesting that other factors are involved. Here, investigation of esophageal and gastric cancer incidence in 54 countries worldwide reveals consistent male predominance in the incidence of these malignancies. The ratio of male‐to‐female incidence increased through life, peaking at ages 60‐64 and declining thereafter. The findings warrant further investigation to identify mechanisms underlying age‐related changes in risk and possible shared etiologies of esophageal and gastric cancers.
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