The sustainable development of old industrial buildings is in line with the national construction strategy and has an important impact on current urban renewal. Only by achieving a unified balance ...among economic, social, and environmental factors can reused industrial buildings be considered sustainable. However, there are no relevant sustainability assessment indicators and methods for reused industrial buildings in China. The purpose of this study was to provide a reasonable and effective method for assessing the sustainability of reused industrial buildings. First, this study analysed the factors influencing reused industrial building sustainability through a project investigation. Second, based on the assessment indicator setting procedure, the sustainability assessment indicator system for reused industrial buildings was optimised. Moreover, a multi-level sustainability assessment model based on extenics was established to identify the correlation functions of indicators with different attributes. Finally, a case was considered to verify this assessment method. The results showed that this assessment method in good agreement with the actual state of the case was validated to be more effective and practical. The assessment method could provide a basis for decision-making to improve sustainability and could be adopted by relevant rating agencies to determine the sustainability level of reused industrial buildings.
•Flood repair cost and time models are proposed for industrial buildings in Turkey.•A framework based on simulations is established to develop the repair models.•Models count for detailed flood ...damage to facade & interior building components.•Intense flash floods cause higher repair estimates than slow-rise floods.•The models incorporate important uncertainties, thus provide reliable estimates.
Flooding is one of the most frequent hazard events significantly affecting the industry in Turkey, leading to severe economic losses and business disruptions. To predict the direct flood losses and business downtimes on the industry, this study proposes probabilistic cost and time models of repairing direct physical flood damage to industrial buildings in Turkey. Using field notes and literature reviews, a typical industrial building was first disassembled into a list of building components vulnerable to flooding. With a focus on façade and interior building components, the flood damage potential of each component was assessed at different flood depths and velocities. Damage state relationships were established for the building components to connect their damage levels under flood actions to their individual repair work. Using the assembly-based approach, costs and times of repairing each flood-damaged component and their associated variabilities were assembled in a probabilistic approach to develop total flood repair cost and time models. The results show that typical repair costs and times for facilities subjected to significant flood depths and velocities might reach substantial levels, up to 28% of building replacement costs and 165 working days on average. The proposed models systematically incorporate existing important uncertainties, therefore, provide reliable estimates.
In local ventilation systems, the uniformity of the supply airflow is important to ensure that the supply air energy is efficiently transported to the target area. However, the actual air supply ...terminal devices have connections upstream, such as an axial fan, which makes the airflow rotationally distorted. Existing studies often add multi-layer rectifiers to the terminal device to adjust the distorted inflow, but this usually requires sufficient installation space. This paper presents a novel rectifier (VLOR) designed to meet the need for achieving uniform parallel air supply over short distances. The effectiveness of the new rectifier device is experimentally verified by comparison with the conventional rectifiers. Numerical methods are used to explore the rectification mechanism and the key design parameters of the new device. The results showed that the vanes in the VLOR device eliminated the swirling vortex to achieve a consistent direction of the outlet airflow, and the orifice plate in the VLOR improved the uniformity of the velocity magnitude. This realizes the improvement of air supply uniformity in a short distance and further ensures the low-consumption transportation of supply air. Moreover, the position, length and number of vanes in VLOR are the key factors affecting the rectification effect.
•Proposed a new rectifier VLOR to realize uniform parallel air supply.•VLOR adjusts the rotational distortion inflow in a short distance of about 1D.•Using VLOR reduces the mixing of air supply and increases the axial velocity.•An advantage of VLOR is to eliminate the vortex that affects the airflow direction.
The regeneration of abandoned industrial buildings (RAIBs) has received extensive attention in urban renewal efforts to achieve urban sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, the construction safety ...performance of RAIBs is a major challenge with increasing RAIB projects in China. Safety programs have been considered as one of the proactive methods to effectively reduce accidents and injuries in the construction industry. Various studies have conducted critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the effective implementation of safety programs in new buildings. However, the CSFs affecting the construction safety program implementation of RAIBs were ignored. The aim of this study is to determine CSFs that affect the safety program implementation of RAIB projects. First, sixteen factors were identified combining characteristics of RAIBs with literature reviews and experts’ opinion. Second, the fuzzy set theory and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach are proposed to identify the influencing degree of the factors and categorize these factors into cause-and-effect groups. Then, according to the causal diagram, management support (C1), allocation of authority and responsibility (C3), control of subcontractor (C5), personal attitude (C9), and safety inspections and hazard assessment (C14) are identified as the CSFs for the safety program implementation of RAIBs’ construction. This study guides the managers and stakeholders to especially concentrate on these CSFs in order to improve the efficiency of the safety program implementation of RAIB projects with limited resources. This study also will contribute to the improvement of safety performance and to the sustainable development goal of RAIB projects.
To exploit various energy carriers simultaneously and optimal distribution of energy in smart electrical infrastructure, a smart energy hub (S. E. Hub) concept was emerged. Therefore, the S. E. Hub ...is an effective solution for creating an efficient energy system. This paper attempts to provide a new management framework for the smart island which consists of Smart Energy and Water Hub (S. E. W. Hub) and microgrid. Also, optimal planning of multiple energy infrastructures of S. E. W. Hub is done considering operational constraints. Furthermore, the impact of the microgrid which includes wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic power plant (PVPP) and tidal generation on the optimal planning of the S. E. W. Hub is investigated. The planning minimizes the total investment and operation costs as well as the environmental pollutants costs. In the proposed management framework, the balancing of thermal, electrical and water energy is provided. Due to the uncertainties associated with the considered energy sources, an effective scenario-based method is provided to accurately model such uncertainty factors. The validation of the proposed approach is shown through different cases implemented on a real industrial building and the problem is solved in the GAMS environment using CPLEX solver.
•Sea water is desalinated through to produce potable water for human consumption or delivering to the grid.•Supplying the water, thermal and electrical energy carriers of a smart island.•Providing an optimal planning and sizing scheme for S. E. W. Hub.•Investigating the impact of microgrid on planning and sizing for the S. E. W. Hub.
The “Socialist Modernism” Project is part of an initiative by B.A.C.U. Association focused on protecting built heritage in the former socialist bloc. In that respect, we have launched a campaign for ...the preservation of buildings that are specific to the socialist modernist period (1955–1991). The architecture of the socialist period, more precisely the modernist tendencies in 1955–1991, is a specific trend in the evolution of architecture in the former socialist bloc. There is increasing international awareness for this trend, as indicated by the creation of scientific communities (the SocHeritage Platform, part of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee for the 20th century). The chosen period in our study was set by historic events that led to this new architectural tendency. At the time, the approach was inspired by modernist architecture, which came to the capitalist states in Western Europe with a set of principles. In socialist countries, modernist trends first influenced the professional sphere, and through that influence, they were able to penetrate borders and the limits imposed by ideology.
•A full-scale shaking table test on prefabricated nuclear power industrial buildings (NPIBs) through a hybrid isolation system (HIS), incorporating natural-rubber bearings (NRBs) and nonlinear fluid ...viscous dampers (NFVDs), was designed and conducted.•The shaking table test validated the stable dynamic behavior of the proposed HIS, in controlling structural transient acceleration, bearing lateral and residual deformation responses.•A comprehensive parametric study was carried out, revealing the influences of key NRB and NFVD design parameters on the isolation efficiency.•Design recommendations for the NPIBs isolated by the HIS are first proposed, providing an efficient yet economical strategy in practice for both structural acceleration and bearing deformation control.
A typical hybrid isolation system (HIS) incorporating natural-rubber bearings (NRBs) and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers (NFVDs) is proposed for seismic protection of critical equipment in nuclear power industrial buildings (NPIBs) under strong earthquakes. Design procedure with a parametric study towards the HIS considering various stiffness and damping values is first investigated via extensive nonlinear time history analyses. Then a preliminary recommendation for the specific structural demands of the considered system is proposed to direct the seismic design for both member- and system-level tests. Through a suite of full-scale shaking table tests on two typical NPIBs, the efficiency and reliability of the HIS are verified, in comparison to the structure with conventional rubber isolation system (RIS). The shaking table test results exhibit a superior behavior of the HIS in structural dual control strategies, i.e., transient acceleration control in critical equipment and bearing deformation control. Also, the HIS presents stable and resilient performances in both negligible residual bearing deformation and undetectable damage to structural/nonstructural components (containing the seismic isolated devices, i.e., NRBs and NFVDs). Finally, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) structural model and a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system are successively developed to simulate the dynamic responses of the test structures. The well-validated SDOF FE model, serving as a reliable alternative for the isolated NPIBs, can be further utilized to facilitate practical design.
Given the high annual water consumption for non-potable uses (1112.08 m3, 65%) of an industrial building with a large roof area (4638 m2) located in the Northeast of Portugal, this study aims to ...evaluate the technical and financial feasibility of a rainwater harvesting system for these uses, considering the existing conventional roof (scenario 1) and adapting a green roof to the existing roof (scenario 2). This evaluation was based on the impact of the two scenarios on the building’s water savings. Under scenarios 1 and 2, the expected water savings were 64.47% and 59.43%, respectively. Therefore, the expected reduction in the annual water bill was €3867.07 + VAT (scenario 1) and €3564.63 + VAT (scenario 2). For scenario 1, considering a reservoir with 70 m3 for non-potable purposes, such as washing the building’s floor and use in industrial machines, and an initial investment of €41,109.13 + VAT, the single payback will be 11.29 years. The single payback for scenario 2 largely exceeded the lifetime of the green roof. However, as they are considered interesting solutions to reduce the negative externalities of industrial settlements, financial incentives could be proposed for the implementation of the green roof in this typology of buildings.
The regeneration of old industrial buildings produces considerable construction dust, thereby seriously threatening the occupational health of construction workers. The existing articles concerning ...the exposure and health impacts of reconstruction dust in enclosed spaces are limited, but this research field has received increasing attention. In this study, multi-process during the demolition and reinforcement stages of a reconstruction project were monitored to determine the respirable dust concentration distribution. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the exposure parameters of reconstruction workers. Moreover, a health damage assessment system for the reconstruction process of old industrial buildings was established by applying the disability-adjusted life year and human capital method to explore the health damage caused by the generated dust at different stages to the construction personnel. The assessment system was applied to the reconstruction stage of an old industrial building regeneration project in Beijing to obtain dust health damage values for different work types and to conduct comparative analysis. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the dust concentration and health damage at different stages. During the demolition stage, the manual demolition of concrete structures has the highest dust concentration, reaching 0.96 mg/m
3
. This exceeds the acceptable concentration by 37%, and the health damage cost is 0.58 yuan per person per day. In the reinforcement stage, the dust concentration generated by mortar/concrete mixing is the highest, but the risk level is acceptable. The health damage cost of concrete grinding, which is 0.98 yuan per person per day, is the highest. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the protective facilities and improve the reconstruction technology to reduce dust pollution. The results of this study can help in improving the existing dust pollution control measures at construction sites to reduce the risk of dust hazards during reconstruction.
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