Throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, the emergence of airports as gateways for their cities has turned into one of the most important architectural undertakings. Ever since the first manned ...flight by the Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright on December 17th 1903, utilitarian sheds next to landing strips on cow pastures evolved into a completely new building type over the next few decades – into places of Modernism as envisioned by Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright (who themselves never built an airport), to eventually turn into icons of cultural identity, progress and prosperity. Many of these airports have become architectural branding devices of their respective cities, regions and countries, created by some of the most notable contemporary architects. This interdisciplinary cultural study deals with the historical formation and transformation of the architectural typology of airports under the aspect of spatial theories. This includes the shift from early spaces of transportation such as train stations, the synesthetic effect of travel and mobility and the effects of material innovations on the development, occupation and use of such spaces. The changing uses from mere utilitarian transportation spaces to ones centered on the spectacular culture of late capitalism, consumption and identity formation in a rapidly changing global culture are analyzed with examples both from architectural and philosophical points of view. The future of airport architecture and design very much looks like the original idea of the Crystal Palace and Parisian Arcades: to provide a stage for consumption, social theatre and art exhibition.
The study of regional variations and the anthropogenic contamination by metals of soils is very important for environmental planning and monitoring in urban areas. An extensive survey was conducted ...in the highly urbanized Kowloon area (46.9 km2) of Hong Kong, using a systematic sampling strategy with a sampling density of 3–5 composite soil samples (0–15 cm) per km2. Geochemical maps of ‘total’ metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) from strong acid extraction in the surface soils were produced based on geographical information system (GIS) technology. A significant spatial relationship was found for Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soils using a GIS-based analysis, suggesting that these metal contaminants in the soils of the Kowloon area had common sources. Several hot-spot areas of metal contamination were identified from the composite metal geochemical map, mainly in the old industrial and residential areas. A further GIS analysis revealed that road junctions, major roads and industrial buildings were possible sources of heavy metals in the urban soils. The Pb isotope composition of the contaminated soils showed clear anthropogenic origins.
GIS can be used to identify soil contamination hot-spot areas and to assess potential pollutant sources in an urban community.
LASER SCANNING FOR BIM AND RESULTS VISUALIZATION USING VR Pavelka jr, K.; Michalík, B.
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
09/2019, Letnik:
XLII-5/W2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Virtual Reality (VR) is a highly topical subject in many branches of science and industry. Thanks to the rapid development and advancement of computer technology in recent years, it can now be used ...to a large extent, with more detail to show and is now more affordable than before. The use of virtual reality is currently devoted to many disciplines and it can be expected that its popularity will grow progressively over the next few years. The Laboratory of Photogrammetry at the Czech Technical University in Prague is also interested in VR and focuses mainly on documentation and visualization of historical buildings and objects. Our opinion is that in the field of virtual reality there is great potential and extensive possibilities. 3D models of historical objects, primarily created by photogrammetric IBRM technology (image based modelling and rendering) or by laser scanning, gain a completely different perspective in VR. In general, most of the newly designed buildings are now being implemented into BIM. For certain projects, historical buildings or constructions should also have implemented into BIM. As a basic input into BIM, an accurate 3D spatial documentation of the condition is needed with special accent to additional information like engineering networks, materials, etc. Creating BIM is one thing, visualizing a model is another. The historical object is irregular and it is difficult to create its simplified form as the CAD model; it is much easier with modern buildings. The question is always the appropriate type of visualization, where virtual reality can be a very useful technology. So-called game engines such as Unreal engine or Unity are used to create a virtual world. These are highly sophisticated tools that make it possible to create a suitable environment, where you can place created models and then view and analyse them with the help of VR glasses. In our contribution, we would like to show an example of a technology line that allows you to convert an object documented by laser scanning into virtual reality. An older industrial building prepared for future reconstruction was chosen as a case study. This object was scanned by a laser scanner, a 3D model was created and material types and engineering networks were added into the model.
In the post industrial era, with the development of urban economy and the upgrading of industrial structure, a large number of industrial enterprises in the city transfer from the city centre to the ...periphery of the city in order to relieve the pressure of urban land shortage and seek their own development. Therefore, the idle land left behind is favoured by the real estate development and emerging industries. As an important space carrier for the continuation of urban context and economic development, the industrial buildings left behind are very popular. Its protection and reuse are related to the development of regional economy and the revival of culture. Under the background of urban renewal, how to properly protect and update the modern industrial heritage to realize the organic integration of the new and old system has become an important topic of heritage protection in China.Today, the transformation of industrial heritage is in full swing. Although the research in the field of industrial heritage in China has started relatively late and the domestic practical experience and related research depth are not enough to form a complete theoretical system, the society has reached a common sense of the protection and renewal of industrial heritage. In January 2018, the first batch of China's industrial heritage protection list was officially released, making China's industrial heritage protection and renewal more scientific and standardized, combining with urban renewal to promote the rapid development of modern urban culture and economy, environmental protection and resource utilization.From the point of view of “protection and renewal”, the paper summarizes the different value cognition of industrial building heritage, and discusses the relationship between the protection and reuse of industrial building heritage, and studies the relevant strategies for the protection and reuse of industrial building heritage, so as to provide reference for the research and development of other industrial building heritage.
Until recently, steel plate girders with corrugated steel members were used primarily as poles and girders in the construction of industrial buildings. Currently, they are also being used in the ...construction of bridges. Compared to traditional steel and rolled girders, steel plate girders weigh less and are more stiff, while also having a neater appearance. In this paper, the results of an experimental study are present. The aim of the study was to determine the behavior of a bridge girder with sinusoidal web geometry when subjected to a bending moment. The study was focused on a composite steel and concrete structure with pin connections, which is currently the most common solution. Three near-real scale beams were subjected to bending tests. The study found that composite corrugated-web steel beams and non-composite corrugated-web steel beams showed similar forms of failure. A reinforced concrete slab did not prevent web stress concentration at the point of connection with the flange. Furthermore, the study indicates that corrugated steel webs in bridge girders can have a much smaller thickness (less than 8 mm) compared with the traditional solution.
Abstract
All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the ...abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both Purpose of research is determining the category of technical condition of building structures to assess the residual resource of industrial facilities and urban infrastructure. Development of a technical solution to the problem of a restoration of a workable technical condition of building envelopes, including the provision of mechanical and heat engineering requirements. During the engineering survey of the building located at Kursk region, significant defects and damages affecting the technical condition of the building envelope were revealed. According to the results of studies, some flaws were identified that need to be eliminated. The ways of solving the identified problems and defects associated with the building envelope are given and described to restore the building to its proper condition. During surveys of building structures, it is necessary to pay attention not only to strengthening building structures, but also to restoring the thermal characteristics of building envelopes and bringing them in conformity with the requirements of current regulatory documents. To accomplish this task, a reinforcement design has been developed that creates the necessary reinforcement and brings the thermal characteristics of the building envelope in accordance with modern requirements to ensure the necessary energy efficiency of the building envelope.
The industrial revolution was the major catalyst for the developing of new materials and building technologies which made possible the architecture of the XX century. The fundamental functional ...requirements of the industrial architecture - spatial flexibility, long spans, economy - determined a permanent research in the field of structure science in order to receive the optimal ratio between the material usage and built area. Concurrently, following building economy reasons, the structure was left bare, and is a part of the image of the interior space, adding meaning to the architectural quality. The paper presents an aesthetic approach of the evolution of industrial buildings' structure, starting from the pre-modern period, when decoration was attached to the structural elements, to the modern phase, in which their form became a result of mathematical calculations. The analysis follows the chronological developing of the building techniques and materials, underlining their plastic qualities. With arguments from the domains of architectural and aesthetic theory, the paper points to the idea that structure is often one of the most important aesthetic elements of the industrial building.
Nowadays, metal structures occupy an important segment in the field of buildable space due to the execution speed of the construction, easy assembly, the possibility of creating a modular structure, ...durability, etc. We find them most often in the construction of industrial halls, metal bridges, certain footbridges or overpasses, we can even find the metal structures either as urban furniture as recreation spaces, public transport waiting spaces, greenhouse structures or even in the form of furnished domes intended for various activities. This article aims to analyse the metallic structures that follow the geometry of Johnson's elongated cupola made of different metallic materials under different external static forces to observe the mechanical behaviour of the three variants of elongated cupola characterized by Johnson Norman.
Most of the design studies deal with cross section as variable. However, weight can be reduced by using different shapes i.e., Square Hollow Sections (SHS), Rectangle Hollow Sections (RHS), and ...Cylindrical Tubular Sections (CTS). A humble attempt has been made here to identify weight difference with Rolled Sections and Tubular Sections, and to arrive at a minimum weight of the structure. The primary aim of the present work is also to find difference of weight of Rolled Sections and Closed Formed Sections per kilogram meter for an Industrial Building. In Limit State Method of design partial safety factors for both material and load variability is considered. These partial safety factors are determined on probabilistic basis. In Working Stress Method of code IS: 800-1984 we are applying the same factor of safety for different load combinations, whereas in Limit State Method of IS: 800 – 2007, there are separate partial factors for different load combinations. The main work doing in this study is the design of an industrial building with LSM and WSM method and uses of conventional steel and compare with Tubular steel and also find the weight difference between rolled and tubular steel. Separate worksheets were prepared for all types of members that are discussed above for both the methods (WSM and LSM) for the purpose of comparison. Study shows that for the same design loads for round and square tubes i.e., Square Hollow Sections (SHS) and Rectangular Hollow sections (RHS) as compared to hot-rolled steel Angles, ISMC and ISMB indicates marginal saving of 15 to 20 percent steel
The 2012 Emilia earthquakes caused significant damage to existing precast reinforced concrete (RC) industrial buildings not specifically designed to resist seismic actions. The main failure ...mechanisms were related to the loss of support of beams and roof elements caused by high relative displacements, to the failure of the mechanical connections and consequent fall of cladding panels, to the damage at the base of the columns and to the collapse of RC forks at the top of the columns. In all cases, the behavior of the connections, and specifically of beam-to-column connections, demonstrated to be crucial, given that they may inhibit the exploitation of strength and ductility reserves in precast elements. This paper presents a beam-to-column connection restraint-device for precast industrial buildings. The device can be applied to existing structures to transfer horizontal seismic forces between beams and columns and to increase the energy dissipation of the system. Design criteria were defined with the aim to limit the relative maximum displacement at the beam-to-column interface and to mitigate the out-of-plane overturning of the beam. Numerical analyses were carried out to define a suitable shape of the device and to investigate its effectiveness in terms of both local and global behavior. To validate the computational results, experimental tests have been also carried out. The tests allowed to classify the device as “dissipative” according to UNI EN 15129. Finally, the design procedure has been validated considering a one-story industrial building case study designed in accordance with the Italian building code.
PDF
