In industry, the task of defect classification and defect localization is an important part of defect detection system. However, existing studies only focus on one task and it is difficult to ensure ...the accuracy of both tasks. This paper proposes a defect detection system based on improved Yolo_v4, which greatly improves the detection ability of minor defects. For K_Means algorithm clustering prianchors question with strong subjectivity, the paper proposes the Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to determine the number of Anchors. To solve the problem of low detection rate of small targets caused by insufficient reuse rate of low-level features in CSPDarknet53 feature extraction network, this paper proposes an ECA-DenseNet-BC-121 feature extraction network to improve it. And the Dual Channel Feature Enhancement (DCFE) module is proposed to improve the local information loss and gradient propagation obstruction caused by quad chain convolution in PANet networks to improve the robustness of the model. The experimental results on the fabric surface defect detection datasets show that the mAP of the improved Yolo_v4 is 98.97%, which is 7.67% higher than SSD, 3.75% higher than Faster_RCNN, 10.82% higher than Yolo_v4 tiny, and 5.35% higher than Yolo_v4, and the detection speed reaches 39.4 fps. It can meet the real-time monitoring needs of industrial sites.
Direct discharge of chromium-containing waste water and improper disposal of waste residues in industrial sites may lead to the vertical migration of metals into aquifers, posing serious threat to ...soil-groundwater system. The heterogeneity in soil profile further aggravates the complexity and unpredictability of this transport process. However, topsoil was the main focus of most studies. Herein, the vertical transport and transformation of Cr in soils at different depths in three industrial sites (i.e., Shijiazhuang, Zhuzhou, and Guangzhou) were investigated to delineate Cr transport and retention characteristics under complex conditions. Regional and vertical differences in soil properties led to the specificity in Cr migration behaviors among these three sites. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH (r = −0.909, p < 0.05) and Fe content (r = 0.949, p < 0.01) were the major controlling factors of Cr(VI) migration and transformation in aquifers. Furthermore, the soil of Zhuzhou site showed the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) (0.225 mol/kg), and the strongest reduction ability of Cr(VI) was observed in the Guangzhou soil. Results of model-based long-term forecast indicated that the Cr(III) concentration in the liquid phase of Guangzhou subsoil could reach 0.08 mol/m3 within 20 years. Heavier rainfall condition exacerbated the contamination due to an increased pollutant flux and enhanced convection. Specially, Cr was fixed in the topsoil of Zhuzhou site with the formation of PbCrO4 and presented least vertical migration risk. The conclusions above can provide scientific theoretical guidance for heavy metal pollution prevention and control in industrial contaminated regions.
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•Soil pH and Fe content significantly affected Cr(VI) migration and transformation.•Heterogeneous soil profiles were constructed to reflect the vertical migration of Cr.•A long-term risk assessments model of Cr vertical migration was developed.
•The PFAS spatial distribution was investigated in tropical areas (Overseas France).•Median ∑PFASs was 1.8ngL−1 in surface water and 0.56ngL−1 in groundwater.•PFOS and PFOA prevailed in surface water ...Vs PFBS, PFHxS and PFHxA in groundwater.•High 6:2 FTSA, PFBA, PFPeA and PFHxA levels were reported at several industrial sites.•The repeated use of firefighting foams may partly explain the latter observation.
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The occurrence and spatial distribution of 22 selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water (n=75), groundwater (n=80) and surficial sediment (n=15) were investigated for the first time in the tropical areas constituted by the French Overseas Territories (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Reunion). Descriptive statistics and correlations between PFASs were evaluated through the use of specific statistical treatments to handle left-censored data (“non-detects”). PFASs were ubiquitous in these samples and detection frequencies as high as 79% for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 65% for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were reported in surface waters. ∑PFASs was in the range<LOD–77ngL−1 (median=1.8ngL−1) in surface waters and <LOD–638ngL−1 (median=0.56ngL−1) in groundwater. PFOS and PFOA dominated PFAS composition profiles in surface water, while shorter-chain compounds prevailed in groundwater, highlighting their higher transfer potential through infiltration processes and the possible influence of precursors. Elevated levels of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTSA) and short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates were found in groundwater near several industrial facilities such as oil refineries or electricity power plants. This may be related to the existence of firefighting operations involving the use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) that contain precursors to such compounds. These findings would also tend to confirm recent trends regarding the increasing proportion of C4- or C6-based perfluoroalkyl acids, their precursors, or even shorter-chain congeners at PFAS hot spots.
The article discusses the main parameters of interaction between industrial sites and settlement areas in the Ural plant towns. Fundamental transformations of the old industrial areas in the 20th ...century based on the new modernist principles have disrupted the historically established architectural and urban planning structure of workers' settlements. Today, the fragmentation and disorganization of the urban space is a significant problem that impedes the sustainable socio-economic and cultural development of plant towns. The parameters that determine the nature of interaction between plant and urban space make it possible to assess a certain Ural old industrial town in relation to problems and potential for reintegration of its industrial production site into the structure of the settlement.
Industrial heritage can be considered a significant asset of modern civilization, predominately epitomizing the living patrimony of industrialization processes. Notwithstanding, it represents today ...under-valuated heritages, the result of massive industrial site closures due to political and economic changes through the years. This book focuses on the recognition of underused Albanian industrial sites, mostly built during the communist period, and proposals for potential regeneration models, based on successful international examples. The majority of Albanian degraded sites are deemed as an objective of high priority from central government and municipalities, taking in consideration their large areas and good possibilities of these "silent" assets redevelopment, having the opportunity to become the promotors of the development of cities. The book follows with a descriptive analysis of international positive cases, reflecting how these interventions can be appropriately applied for Albanian cases. Consistent reuse methodologies have been proposed based on three pillars: economic and urban, environmental and heritage. Finally, the book presents a general conclusion for practical applications of the above-mentioned methodologies, as a positive approach to promote sites revitalization and promotion at a national and international level.
Abstract
In view of the actual demand of toxic gas monitoring in the production, storage and use field environment of chemical enterprises, considering the large amount of monitoring data and the ...difficulty of real-time transmission of information, a toxic gas environment monitoring system is designed. The system based on low-power microcontroller chip CC2530 by using wireless sensor intelligent information processing and data communication technology, which evaluates and improves the ambient air conditions and provides theoretical basis and technical support. The sensor node collects the concentration data of CO, formaldehyde, ozone, SO
2
and other toxic gases in real time, processes them and sends them to the receiving end. According to the stored data, the receiver monitors the air quality of the industrial production and storage environment in real time, and effectively solves the problems of complex wiring and maintenance difficulties of traditional cable sensors to reduce the risk of accidents or early warning and reduce the hazards of accidents. The test results show that the system has stable performance, can effectively detect industrial toxic environmental parameters, and can be widely used in various fields, especially in unattended or inaccessible environment for monitoring tasks.
South Korea has faced many social issues due to long working hours, lack of rest areas, and poor rest facility environments for cleaners, security guards, department store workers, etc. Discussions ...have been ongoing about mandating the installation of rest facilities. From August 18, 2022, Article 128–2 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, concerning the installation of rest facilities, was enforced. Consequently, employers in all industries are required to install rest facilities, and laws have been established to ensure these facilities meet certain standards. Accordingly, this study investigated the current status of rest facility installations and the awareness of the law’s enactment in Korean industrial sites. The results, analyzed by gender, age, managerial status, industry, and size of the business, indicated that younger people were less satisfied with the rest facilities. Managers were more knowledgeable about the legal regulations than workers. In the service industry, compared to other industries, smaller businesses were less likely to have rest facilities and were less aware of the legal regulations. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to help establish the rest facility installation laws in Korea.
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•The study investigates the removal of PAHs in contaminated soil using ClO2.•Increasing the ClO2 concentration increases the PAH degradation rate.•The removal of PAHs was ...significantly decreased at higher soil pH values (pH > 7).•Oxygenation, ring rupture, and Cl substitution products of PAHs were obtained.•Mechanism involves direct oxidation by ClO2 and indirect oxidation by HOCl and •OH.
In situ chemical oxidation can be used to remediate soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, typical oxidation systems are limited by the acidic environment needed for Fenton reactions, cost and soil effects of activated persulfate, and large pores required for ozone or selected oxidation by permanganate. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an environmentally friendly strong oxidant that is highly reactive with PAHs and produces limited halogenated byproducts. In this study, the kinetics, products, and mechanisms of PAH degradation in industrial soil using ClO2 were investigated. The degradation rate was approximately 84.24% for 0.90 mol kg−1 of ClO2; it increased with ClO2 concentration and temperature had little effect. The degradation process was divided into quick (<1h) and slow (1–48 h) reaction stages. PAH removal was significantly inhibited at higher pH levels, but > 70% of the PAHs were degraded at a typical soil pH of 5.0–7.0. Chemical pretreatment is favorable for PAH removal during ClO2 oxidation and the degradation rate was passively correlated with the desorbing fraction of the PAHs in the soil. Quenching experiments indicated that HOCl was the most important active species responsible for degradation. Among five representative PAH congeners, the degradation products of anthracene, phenanthrene, and benzoapyrene were all oxygenated products. However, the degradation product of pyrene was the Cl substitution product and fluoranthene oxidation produced ring rupture oxygenated transformation and Cl substitution products. The mechanisms of PAH degradation by ClO2 oxidation include one-electron transfer, HOCl as a second oxidant, and •OH participation.
Industrial sites are key factors in urban and regional land use planning. Therefore, determining the location of industrial areas is a critical and complex process for development and success. ...Industrial site selection aims in identifying the most suitable sites for industry creation, considering a set of influential criteria. Therefore, site selection generally and industrial site selection specifically can be categorised as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that requires detailed evaluation of various dimensions. This study developed a set of clusters containing 10 selection criteria for industrial site selection in Isfahan metropolitan area, Iran. The relationships between the criteria and clusters were modelled and analysed using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP). AHP and ANP agree in finding distance to water bodies and distance to other industries as the most and least important selection criteria. Four patches have been identified as suitable alternatives for industrial construction. While AHP found Borkhar Patch 1 as the most appropriate alternative, ANP demonstrated the superiority of Ardestan Patch over others. Conducting a sensitivity analysis for the models confirmed both models robustness in industrial site selection decisions.
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